Test Bank for Understanding Pathophysiology 7th Edition by Sue E. Huether & Kathryn L. McCance 9780323639088 Chapter 1-44 | Complete Guide A+

TESTMBANKMFORMUNDERSTANDINGMPATHOPHYSIOLOGYM7THMEDITIONMBYMHUETHER

Chapter 01: Cellular Biology
M M M


Huether: Understanding Pathophysiology, 7th Editio
M M M M

n
MULTIPLEMCHOIC
E

1. AMstudentMisMobservingMaMcellMunderMtheMmicroscope.MItMisMob
servedMtoMhaveMsupercoiledMDNAwithMhistones.MWhichMofMthe
followingMwouldMalsoMbeMobservedMbyMtheMstudent?
M

a. AMsingleMcircularMchromosome
b. AMnucleus
c. Free-floatingMnuclearMmaterial
d. NoMorganelles
ANS:M B
TheMcellMdescribedMisMaMeukaryoticMcell,MsoMitMhasMhistonesMan
dMaMsupercoiledMDNAMwithinMitsnucleus;Mthus,MtheMnucleusMsh
ouldMbeMobserved.MAMsingleMcircularMchromosomeMcalledMaMpr
okaryoteMcontainsMfree-
2. A MnurseM
floating isMinstructing
Mnuclear Mthe
M material Mstaff
Mbut Mabout
Mhas McellularMfunctions.MWhichMcellularMfunctionMisMtheMn
MnoMorganelles.

urseMdescribingMwhenManMisolatedMcellMabsorbsMoxygenMandMusesMitMtoMtransformMnutrientsMt
oMenergy?
a. MetabolicMabsorption
b. Communication
c. Secretion
d. Respiration
ANS:M D
TheMcell’sMabilityMtoMabsorbMoxygenMisMreferredMtoMasMrespirationMwhileMitsMcommunicationMabili
tyMinvolvesMmaintenanceMofMaMsteadNyMdynamicMstate,M metabolicMabsorptionMprovidesMnutrition,Ma
ndMsecretionMallowsMforMtheMsynthesizingMofMnewMsubstances.

3. AMeukaryoticMcellMisMundergoingMDNAMreplication.MInMwhichMregionMofMtheMcellMwouldMmo
stMofMtheMgeneticMinformationMbeMcontained?
a. Mitochondria
b. Ribosome
c. Nucleolus
d. NucleusMcytoplasm
ANS:M C
TheMregionMofMtheMcellMthatMcontainsMgeneticMmaterial,MincludingMaMlargeMamountMofMribonucle
icMacid,MmostMofMtheMDNA,MandMDNA-
bindingMproteins,MisMtheMnucleolus,MwhichMisMlocatedMwithinMtheMcell’sMnucleus.MMitochondria
MisMassociatedMwithMcellularMrespirationMwhileMribosomesMareMinvolvedMwithMproteinMmanufac

turing.MCytoplasmMisMaMfluidMfillingMthatMisMaMcomponentMofMtheMcell.

4. WhichMofMtheMfollowingMcanMremoveMproteinsMattachedMtoMtheMcell’sMbilayerMbyMdissolving
MtheMlayerMitself?
a. PeripheralMmembraneMproteins
b. IntegralMmembraneMproteins
c. Glycoproteins
d. CellMadhesionMmolecules

,TESTMBANKMFORMUNDERSTANDINGMPATHOPHYSIOLOGYM7THMEDITIONMBYMHUETHER

ANS:M B
ProteinsMdirectlyMattachedMtoMtheMmembraneMbilayerMcanMbeMremovedMbyMtheMactionMofMintegr
alMmembraneMproteinsMthatMdissolveMtheMbilayer.MPeripheralMmembraneMproteinsMresideMatMthe
MsurfaceMwhileMcellMadhesionMmoleculesMareMonMtheMoutsideMofMtheMmembrane.MGlycoprotein M

marksMcellsMandMdoesMnotM float.

5. WhichMofMtheMfollowingMcanMbindMtoMplasmaMmembraneMreceptors?
a. Oxygen
b. Ribosomes
c. AmphipathicMlipids
d. Ligands
ANS:M D
LigandsMareMtheMonlyMspecificMmoleculesMthatMcanMbindMwithMreceptorsMonMtheMcellMmembrane.

6. AMnurseMisMreviewingMaMreportMfromMaMpatientMwithMmetastaticMcancer.MWhatMalternationMi
nMtheMextracellularMmatrixMwouldMsupportMtheMdiagnosisMofMmetastaticMcancer?
a. DecreasedMfibronectin
b. IncreasedMcollagen
c. DecreasedMelastin
d. IncreasedMglycoproteins
ANS:M A
OnlyMaMreducedMamountMofMfibronectinMisMfoundMinMsomeMtypesMofMcancerousMcells,Mallowing
themMtoMtravelMorMmetastasize.
M



7. WhichMformMofMcellMcommunicationMisMusedMtoMrelateMtoMotherMcellsMinMdirectMphysicalMcontact?
a. CellMjunction N
b. GapMjunction
c. Desmosome
d. TightMjunction
ANS:M A
CellMjunctionsMholdMcellsMtogetherMandMpermitMmoleculesMtoMpassMfromMcellMtoMcell.MGapMjunctio
nsMallowMforMcellularMcommunicationMbetweenMcells.MNeitherMdesmosomesMnorMtightMjunctionsMa
reMassociatedMwithMcellularMcommunication.

8. PancreaticMbetaMcellsMsecreteMinsulin,MwhichMinhibitsMsecretionMofMglucagonMfromMneighbor
ingMalphaMcells.MThisMactionMisManMexampleMofMwhichMofMtheMfollowingMsignalingMtypes?
a. Paracrine
b. Autocrine
c. Neurohormonal
d. Hormonal
ANS:M A
ParacrineMsignalingMinvolvesMtheMreleaseMofMlocalMchemicalMmediatorsMthatMareMquicklyMtakenMu
p,Mdestroyed,MorMimmobilized,MasMinMtheMcaseMofMinsulinMandMtheMinhibitionMofMtheMsecretionMofM
glucagon.MNoneMofMtheMotherMoptionsMinvolveMsignalingMthatMisMassociatedMwithMaMlocalMchemic
alMmediatorMlikeMinsulin.

9. InMcellularMmetabolism,MeachMenzymeMhasMaMhighMaffinityMforMa:
a. solute.

, TESTMBANKMFORMUNDERSTANDINGMPATHOPHYSIOLOGYM7THMEDITIONMBYMHUETHER

b. substrate.
c. receptor.
d. ribosome.

ANS:M B
EachMenzymeMhasMaMhighMaffinityMforMaMsubstrate,MaMspecificMsubstanceMconvertedMtoMaMprodu
ctMofMtheMreaction.MCellularMmetabolismMisMnotMdependentMonManMattractionMbetweenManMenzy
meMandManyMofMtheMremainingMoptions.

10. AnMathleteMrunsMaMmarathon,MafterMwhichMhisMmusclesMfeelMfatiguedMandMunableMtoMcontract.M
TheMathleteMasksMtheMnurseMwhyMthisMhappened.MTheMnurse’sMresponseMisMbasedMonMtheMknowl
edgeMthatMtheMproblemMisMresultMofMaMdeficiencyMof:
a. GTP.
b. AMP.
c. ATP.
d. GMP.

ANS:M C
WhenMATPMisMdeficient,MimpairedMmuscleMcontractionMresults.MNoneMofMtheMotherMoptionsMar
eMinvolvedMinMmuscleMcontraction.

11. WhichMphaseMofMcatabolismMproducesMtheMmostMATP?
a. Digestion
b. Glycolysis
c. Oxidation
d. CitricMacidMcycle

ANS:M D N
WhileMsomeMATPMisMproducedMduringMtheMoxidationMandMglycolysisMphases,M mostMofMtheMATPMi
s
generatedMduringMtheMcitricMacidMcycle.MDigestionMdoesMnotMproduceManyMATP.

12. AMnurseMisMteachingMtheMstaffMaboutMtheMphasesMofMcellularMcatabolism.MWhichMphasesMshoul
dMtheMnurseMinclude?
a. Digestion,Mglycolysis,Moxidation,MandMtheMcitricMacidMcycle
b. Diffusion,Mosmosis,MandMmediatedMtransport
c. SMphase,MGMphase,MandMMMphase
d. MetabolicMabsorption,Mrespiration,MandMexcretion
ANS:M A
OnlyMdigestion,Mglycolysis,Moxidation,MandMtheMcitricMacidMcycleMareMtheMphasesMofMcell
ularMcatabolism.

13. AMrunnerMhasMdepletedMallMtheMoxygenMavailableMforMmuscleMenergy.MWhichMofMtheMfollowing
MwillMfacilitateMhisMcontinuedMmuscleMperformance?
a. Electron-transportMchain
b. AerobicMglycolysis
c. AnaerobicMglycolysis
d. OxidativeMphosphorylation
ANS:M C

, TESTMBANKMFORMUNDERSTANDINGMPATHOPHYSIOLOGYM7THMEDITIONMBYMHUETHER

WhenMnoMoxygenMisMavailable,ManaerobicMglycolysisMoccurs.MTheMelectron-
transportMchainMisMpartMofMtheMcitricMacidMcycle.MAerobicMglycolysisMinvolvesMtheMpresenceMofM
oxygen.MOxidativeMphosphorylationMisMtheMmechanismMbyMwhichMtheMenergyMproducedMfromM
carbohydrates,Mfats,MandMproteinsMisMtransferredMtoMATP.MItMisMnotMpartMofMmuscleMperforman
ce.

14. AMfacultyMmemberMasksMaMstudentMtoMidentifyMtheMappropriateMtermMforMtheMmovementMofMaMs
oluteMfromManMareaMofMgreaterMtoMlesserMconcentration.MWhichManswerMindicatesMtheMnursingM
studentMunderstoodMtheMteaching?
a. Osmosis
b. Diffusion
c. HydrostaticMpressure
d. ActiveMtransport
ANS:M B
DiffusionMisMtheMmovementMofMaMsoluteMmoleculeMfromManMareaMofMgreaterMsoluteMconcentrati
onMtoManMareaMofMlesserMsoluteMconcentrationMthroughMaMpermeableMmembrane.MOsmosisMisMth
eMmovementMofMwaterMacrossMaMsemipermeableMmembraneMfromMaMregionMofMhigherMwaterMco
ncentrationMtoMoneMofMlowerMconcentration.MHydrostaticMpressureMisMtheMforceMofMfluidMagains
tMaMcellMmembrane.M InMactiveMtransport,MmoleculesMmoveMupMaMconcentrationMgradient.

15. WhichMdescriptionMaccuratelyMdescribesMelectrolytes?
a. SmallMlipid-solubleMmolecules
b. LargeMproteinMmolecules
c. MicronutrientsMusedMtoMproduceMATP
d. ElectricallyMchargedMmolecules
ANS:M D
ElectrolytesMareMelectricallyMchaNrgedMmolecules.MTheyMareMnotMlipidM soluble,MtheyMareMnotMmade
upMofMprotein,MandMtheyMdoMnotMplayMaMroleMinMATPMproduction.

16. AMnurseMisMreadingMaMchartM andMseesMtheMtermMoncoticMpressure.MTheMnurseMrecallsMthatMon
coticMpressureM(colloidMosmoticMpressure)MisMdeterminedM by:
a. theMconcentrationMofMsodium.
b. plasmaMproteins.
c. hydrostaticMpressure.
d. theMavailabilityMofMmembraneMtransporterMproteins.
ANS:M B
OncoticMpressureMisMdeterminedMbyMtheMeffectMofMcolloidsMorMplasmaMproteins.MTheMconcentra
tionMofMsodiumMplaysMaMroleMinMtonicity.MHydrostaticMpressureMisMtheMforceMwithinMaMvessel.MM
embraneMtransporterMproteinsMareMinvolvedMinMactiveMtransportMwithinMaMconcentrationMgradie
nt.

17. AMpatientMhasMaMbodyMfluidMofM300MmOsm/kg.MThisMlabMresultMisMmeasuring:
a. osmolality.
b. osmolarity.
c. osmoticMpressure.
d. oncoticMpressure.
ANS:M A