1
NBCMI Written (2025) ACTUAL EXAM comprehensive
questions and verified accurate solution (Detailed &
Elaborated) |get it 100% accurate!! 2025 TEST!!
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) - (answers)Severe "heartburn" in
laymen's language. Weakness of the valve between the esophagus and stomach
may allow stomach acid to reflux (regurgitate, backup) into the esophagus and
irritate and inflame the lining. This results in chest pain which can mimic that of
angina (pain of cardiac ischemia or an MI).
Diverticulosis/diverticulitis - (answers)Small pouches may form along the walls of
the large intestine called diverticuli which if symptomatic, causing discomfort to
the patient, is called diverticulosis. These abnormal outpocketings may collect and
not be able to empty fecal material which can lead to inflammation, diverticulitis.
Portal hypertension - (answers)A potential complication of chronic alcoholism
resulting in liver damage and obstruction of venous blood flow through the liver.
The rising blood pressure in the veins between the gastrointestinal tract and liver
causes engorgement of veins around the umbilicus (navel). The characteristic
radiating pattern of veins is called a "caput medusae" (head of Medusa). Medusa
was the "snake-haired lady" in Greek mythology.
Esophageal varices - (answers)bulging, engorged veins in the walls of the
esophagus are often a complication of chronic alcoholism (see portal
hypertension). The thin-walled, swollen veins are at risk of tearing resulting in
severe, possibly fatal, bleeding.
Dysphagia - (answers)Difficulty swallowing. May be related to GERD (see above),
esophageal tumor or other causes.
, 2
Crohn's Disease - (answers)a chronic inflammatory disease primarily of the bowel.
Typical symptoms are abdominal pain, weight loss, diarrhea. There may also be
rectal bleeding that can lead to anemia. Special X-rays and tests are needed to
differentiate Crohn's from other diseases with similar symptoms.
Peritonitis - (answers)Inflammation of the lining of the abdominal cavity. Before
antibiotics, people would die from peritonitis if an inflamed appendix burst.
Indications of peritonitis are called "peritoneal signs": tender abdomen, rebound
pain (pain when manual pressure released from examining abdomen), board-like
rigidity of abdominal muscles, no bowel sounds (gurgles). The peritoneal
membrane is very sensitive to exposure to foreign substances. Contact with
blood, bile, urine, pus will cause peritoneal signs.
Gastroenterologist - (answers)a physician specializing in diseases of the digestive
system including esophagus, stomach and intestines. These specialists do not do
surgery. Patients needing surgery are referred to a general surgeon.
Proctologist - (answers)a physician specializing in diseases of the rectum and
anus. Proctology is a surgical subspecialty.
Guaiac test (Hemoccult, Fecult) - (answers)special chemical test to identify blood
in the stool (feces). Blood in the stool may have many causes including cancer and
hemorrhoids.
Upper GI series - (answers)a series of X-rays of the esophagus and stomach and
small intestines having the patient swallow a "milkshake" of barium. The element
, 3
barium is opaque, i.e. blocks , X-rays. This procedure may be used to identify
problems with swallowing, stomach ulcers, twisting of the small intestines.
Lower GI series - (answers)a series of X-rays using a barium enema to show the
large intestine and rectum. This procedure can be used to identify problems such
as diverticulitis/diverticulosis, and tumors.
Endoscopy - (answers)use of a flexible fiberoptic instrument attached to a video
camera that can be used to directly visualize the esophagus, stomach and large
bowel. Special names may be used for each area explored such as colonoscopy
Ultrasonography (ultrasound) - (answers)a procedure using high frequency sound
waves to visualize internal organs. Primarily used to visualize abdominal and
pelvic organs, such as the pregnant uterus.
Rhin/o - (answers)Nose
Laryng/o - (answers)Larynx, "voice box"*
Trache/o - (answers)Trachea, "windpipe"
Bronch/o - (answers)Lung air passageways
Pne/u, -pnea - (answers)Breath, air, lung
, 4
Pulmo/o - (answers)Lung
-ptysis - (answers)Spitting (coughing)
-plasty - (answers)Reconstruction
Pneumoconiosis - (answers)iterally, "an abnormal condition of dust in the lungs."
A generic name for conditions where toxic particles become trapped in the lungs
and cause symptoms and disability such a "black lung" or "miner's lung" disease.
Terms specific to the particulate matter may be given such as asbestosis.
Epistaxis - (answers)nosebleed
Emphysema (COPD) - (answers)Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, of which
emphysema is one of, results in progressive destruction of the air sacs in the lungs
and loss of respiratory membrane for oxygen exchange. The bane of long term
smokers.
Atelectasis - (answers)a collapsed lung
Nephr/o, ren/o - (answers)Kidney
Hydro/o - (answers)Water
NBCMI Written (2025) ACTUAL EXAM comprehensive
questions and verified accurate solution (Detailed &
Elaborated) |get it 100% accurate!! 2025 TEST!!
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) - (answers)Severe "heartburn" in
laymen's language. Weakness of the valve between the esophagus and stomach
may allow stomach acid to reflux (regurgitate, backup) into the esophagus and
irritate and inflame the lining. This results in chest pain which can mimic that of
angina (pain of cardiac ischemia or an MI).
Diverticulosis/diverticulitis - (answers)Small pouches may form along the walls of
the large intestine called diverticuli which if symptomatic, causing discomfort to
the patient, is called diverticulosis. These abnormal outpocketings may collect and
not be able to empty fecal material which can lead to inflammation, diverticulitis.
Portal hypertension - (answers)A potential complication of chronic alcoholism
resulting in liver damage and obstruction of venous blood flow through the liver.
The rising blood pressure in the veins between the gastrointestinal tract and liver
causes engorgement of veins around the umbilicus (navel). The characteristic
radiating pattern of veins is called a "caput medusae" (head of Medusa). Medusa
was the "snake-haired lady" in Greek mythology.
Esophageal varices - (answers)bulging, engorged veins in the walls of the
esophagus are often a complication of chronic alcoholism (see portal
hypertension). The thin-walled, swollen veins are at risk of tearing resulting in
severe, possibly fatal, bleeding.
Dysphagia - (answers)Difficulty swallowing. May be related to GERD (see above),
esophageal tumor or other causes.
, 2
Crohn's Disease - (answers)a chronic inflammatory disease primarily of the bowel.
Typical symptoms are abdominal pain, weight loss, diarrhea. There may also be
rectal bleeding that can lead to anemia. Special X-rays and tests are needed to
differentiate Crohn's from other diseases with similar symptoms.
Peritonitis - (answers)Inflammation of the lining of the abdominal cavity. Before
antibiotics, people would die from peritonitis if an inflamed appendix burst.
Indications of peritonitis are called "peritoneal signs": tender abdomen, rebound
pain (pain when manual pressure released from examining abdomen), board-like
rigidity of abdominal muscles, no bowel sounds (gurgles). The peritoneal
membrane is very sensitive to exposure to foreign substances. Contact with
blood, bile, urine, pus will cause peritoneal signs.
Gastroenterologist - (answers)a physician specializing in diseases of the digestive
system including esophagus, stomach and intestines. These specialists do not do
surgery. Patients needing surgery are referred to a general surgeon.
Proctologist - (answers)a physician specializing in diseases of the rectum and
anus. Proctology is a surgical subspecialty.
Guaiac test (Hemoccult, Fecult) - (answers)special chemical test to identify blood
in the stool (feces). Blood in the stool may have many causes including cancer and
hemorrhoids.
Upper GI series - (answers)a series of X-rays of the esophagus and stomach and
small intestines having the patient swallow a "milkshake" of barium. The element
, 3
barium is opaque, i.e. blocks , X-rays. This procedure may be used to identify
problems with swallowing, stomach ulcers, twisting of the small intestines.
Lower GI series - (answers)a series of X-rays using a barium enema to show the
large intestine and rectum. This procedure can be used to identify problems such
as diverticulitis/diverticulosis, and tumors.
Endoscopy - (answers)use of a flexible fiberoptic instrument attached to a video
camera that can be used to directly visualize the esophagus, stomach and large
bowel. Special names may be used for each area explored such as colonoscopy
Ultrasonography (ultrasound) - (answers)a procedure using high frequency sound
waves to visualize internal organs. Primarily used to visualize abdominal and
pelvic organs, such as the pregnant uterus.
Rhin/o - (answers)Nose
Laryng/o - (answers)Larynx, "voice box"*
Trache/o - (answers)Trachea, "windpipe"
Bronch/o - (answers)Lung air passageways
Pne/u, -pnea - (answers)Breath, air, lung
, 4
Pulmo/o - (answers)Lung
-ptysis - (answers)Spitting (coughing)
-plasty - (answers)Reconstruction
Pneumoconiosis - (answers)iterally, "an abnormal condition of dust in the lungs."
A generic name for conditions where toxic particles become trapped in the lungs
and cause symptoms and disability such a "black lung" or "miner's lung" disease.
Terms specific to the particulate matter may be given such as asbestosis.
Epistaxis - (answers)nosebleed
Emphysema (COPD) - (answers)Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, of which
emphysema is one of, results in progressive destruction of the air sacs in the lungs
and loss of respiratory membrane for oxygen exchange. The bane of long term
smokers.
Atelectasis - (answers)a collapsed lung
Nephr/o, ren/o - (answers)Kidney
Hydro/o - (answers)Water
