NU3079 – NURSING EXAM REVIEW QUESTIONS
WITH CORRECT ANSWERS GRADED A+
/. What is the Pathophysiology of endometriosis? - Answer-Growth of endometrial tissue
outside or inside the uterus (areas include the uterus, pelvis, abdomianl cavity, lymph
nodes, kidney, bladder, colon, eyelids, lungs).
/.What number of women have endometriosis? - Answer-1 in 10
/.Clinical manifestations of endometriosis - Answer-Pelvic pain, painful BM,
dyspareunia, infertility, palpable pelvic mass, dysmenorrhea, menorrhagia, dysuria
/.Diagnostic investigations of endometriosis - Answer-Can take 7-10 years from the start
of symptoms to accurately diagnose, laparoscopic procedure showing abnormal growth
of endometrial tissue (via biopsy & histology report)
/.Causes / risk factors of endometriosis - Answer-Idiopathic, vaginal atresia
/.Complications of endometriosis - Answer-Pain, infertility, dyspareunia, four times more
likely to develop rheumatoid arthritis
/.Treatment for endometriosis - Answer-Hormonal
- Hormonal contraceptive (helps control hormone responsible for buildup of endometrial
tissue each month)
- Gonadotropin releasing hormone analogs (blocks the production of ovarian stimulating
hormone & prevents menstruation which causes endometrial tissue to shrink) - like birth
control the ability to get pregnant returns after DC
- Anti-progesterone (reduces ovarian
- Synthetic testosterone therapy (e.g. Danazol) (stops the release of FSH)
Surgical
- Laparscopic surgical removal of tissue (only cure, increases chance of pregnancy,
effective in mild - moderate disease)
- Hysterectomy (only if lesions are in uterus)
/.Example of synthetic testosterone drug used to treat endometriosis - Answer-Danazol
/.Nursing diagnosis for endometriosis - Answer-Risk of pain r/t abnormal formation of
uterine tissue / dyspareunia, anxiety r/t dyspareunia, constipation
/.Pathophysiology of a uterine prolapse - Answer-Displacement of the uterus
,Retroversion - uterus is directed backwards
Retroflection - uterus is curved backwards
First degree - cervix is still in vagina
Second degree - the uterus appears outside the vulva
Third degree - uterus lies outside of he vagina
/.Clinical manifestations of a uterine prolapse - Answer-Pelvic / lower back / right iliac /
left iliac pain, dysmenorrhea, recurrent UTI, menorrhagia, fatigue, malaise, dyspareunia,
pressure / fullness in pelvis, constipation
/.Diagnostic investigations of a uterine prolapse - Answer-Manual palpation
/.Causes / risk factors of a uterine prolapse - Answer-Presence of a cyst, fibroids,
endometriosis, idiopathic, family hx, multiple vaginal deliveries, vaginal birth to large
baby
/.Complications of a uterine prolapse - Answer-Infection, spontaneous abortion, pre-
term labor, UTI
/.Treatment of a uterine prolapse - Answer-First degree - Manchester repair (shortening
of transverse ligament & usually amputation of the elongated cervix)
Second degree - prolapse surgical repair
Third degree - hysterectomy
/.Post-op complications of a uterine repair - Answer-Standard + dyspareunia, urinary
retention, UTI, loss of bladder tone, constipation, strain on healing ligaments & muscles,
recurrence of prolapse, stress incontinence
/.Pathophysiology of fibroids - Answer-Also known as uterine myomas / leiomyomas /
fibromas. Firm compact tumors that are made of smooth muscle cells & fibrous CT that
develop in the uterus. Growths are typically benign.
/.Clinical manifestations of fibroids - Answer-Pain, menorrhagia, asymptomatic,
metrorohagia, pelvic pain, polyuria, lower back pain, palpable mass, dyspareunia,
anemia (due to heavy / long periods)
/.Diagnostic investigations of fibroids - Answer-X-ray, transvaginal ultrasound, MRI,
hysterscopy + endometrial biopsy, FBC (anemia)
/.Causes of Fibroids / Leiomyoma - Answer-Idiopathic, decreased estrogen production,
menopause, obesity =, nuliparity (women who hasn't given birth)
, /.Complications of fibroids - Answer-Infertility, polyuria, constipation, anemia
/.Treatment of fibroids - Answer-- Watchful waiting (as most fibroids stop growing or
may even shrink as the woman approaches menopause)
Surgery
- Hysterectomy
- Myomectomy (surgical removal of fibroids, uterus remains intact)
- Uterine artery embolizaton (cuts off blood supply & shrinks fibroid)
Hormones
- Gonadotropin releasing hormone agonist (lowers levels of estrogen & triggers medical
menopause, shrinks fibroids)
- Synthetic testosterone therapy (e.g. Danazol) (stops the release of FSH)
/.Pathophysiology of glaucoma - Answer-Irreversible damage to the optic nerve due to
increased intraoccular pressure
/.Normal IOP - Answer-8-21 mmHg
/.Types of Glaucoma - Answer-Chronic / primary open angle - overtime the trabecular
mesh work in the angle between the cornea & the iris undergoes degenerative changes
resulting in decrease drainage of aqueous fluid causing increase IOP & damage to optic
nerve.
Acute / primary closed angle - "It's a close call!" Medical emergency where the iris
closes blocking the outflow of aqueous fluid which causes raised IOP
/.Clinical Manifestions of chronic glaucoma - Answer-Painless, presents as loss of
peripheral vision, poor color contrast, loss of night vision, central vision loss
/.Clinical manifestations of acute glaucoma - Answer-Increased IOP above 40mmHg,
dilated pupils unresponsive to light, decreased visual acuity, pain, headache, nausea /
vomiting
/.Diagnostic investigations for glaucoma - Answer-Visual acuity, visual field test, slit
lamp examination, tonometry (measure fluid in the eye), eye history.
/.Causes / risk factors of glaucoma - Answer-Congenital, over production of aqueous
humor, closure the drainage system, trauma to the eye, Opthalmic surgery, diabetes,
cardiovascular disease, older age, family hx, myopia
/.Treatment for chronic glaucoma - Answer-Medications for life (ensure adherence by
emphasizing importance, involving family & GP)
- Daily Pilocarpine eye drops (causes pupil constriction & reduces fluid within eye, can
cause slight blurred vision for up to two hours afterwards)
WITH CORRECT ANSWERS GRADED A+
/. What is the Pathophysiology of endometriosis? - Answer-Growth of endometrial tissue
outside or inside the uterus (areas include the uterus, pelvis, abdomianl cavity, lymph
nodes, kidney, bladder, colon, eyelids, lungs).
/.What number of women have endometriosis? - Answer-1 in 10
/.Clinical manifestations of endometriosis - Answer-Pelvic pain, painful BM,
dyspareunia, infertility, palpable pelvic mass, dysmenorrhea, menorrhagia, dysuria
/.Diagnostic investigations of endometriosis - Answer-Can take 7-10 years from the start
of symptoms to accurately diagnose, laparoscopic procedure showing abnormal growth
of endometrial tissue (via biopsy & histology report)
/.Causes / risk factors of endometriosis - Answer-Idiopathic, vaginal atresia
/.Complications of endometriosis - Answer-Pain, infertility, dyspareunia, four times more
likely to develop rheumatoid arthritis
/.Treatment for endometriosis - Answer-Hormonal
- Hormonal contraceptive (helps control hormone responsible for buildup of endometrial
tissue each month)
- Gonadotropin releasing hormone analogs (blocks the production of ovarian stimulating
hormone & prevents menstruation which causes endometrial tissue to shrink) - like birth
control the ability to get pregnant returns after DC
- Anti-progesterone (reduces ovarian
- Synthetic testosterone therapy (e.g. Danazol) (stops the release of FSH)
Surgical
- Laparscopic surgical removal of tissue (only cure, increases chance of pregnancy,
effective in mild - moderate disease)
- Hysterectomy (only if lesions are in uterus)
/.Example of synthetic testosterone drug used to treat endometriosis - Answer-Danazol
/.Nursing diagnosis for endometriosis - Answer-Risk of pain r/t abnormal formation of
uterine tissue / dyspareunia, anxiety r/t dyspareunia, constipation
/.Pathophysiology of a uterine prolapse - Answer-Displacement of the uterus
,Retroversion - uterus is directed backwards
Retroflection - uterus is curved backwards
First degree - cervix is still in vagina
Second degree - the uterus appears outside the vulva
Third degree - uterus lies outside of he vagina
/.Clinical manifestations of a uterine prolapse - Answer-Pelvic / lower back / right iliac /
left iliac pain, dysmenorrhea, recurrent UTI, menorrhagia, fatigue, malaise, dyspareunia,
pressure / fullness in pelvis, constipation
/.Diagnostic investigations of a uterine prolapse - Answer-Manual palpation
/.Causes / risk factors of a uterine prolapse - Answer-Presence of a cyst, fibroids,
endometriosis, idiopathic, family hx, multiple vaginal deliveries, vaginal birth to large
baby
/.Complications of a uterine prolapse - Answer-Infection, spontaneous abortion, pre-
term labor, UTI
/.Treatment of a uterine prolapse - Answer-First degree - Manchester repair (shortening
of transverse ligament & usually amputation of the elongated cervix)
Second degree - prolapse surgical repair
Third degree - hysterectomy
/.Post-op complications of a uterine repair - Answer-Standard + dyspareunia, urinary
retention, UTI, loss of bladder tone, constipation, strain on healing ligaments & muscles,
recurrence of prolapse, stress incontinence
/.Pathophysiology of fibroids - Answer-Also known as uterine myomas / leiomyomas /
fibromas. Firm compact tumors that are made of smooth muscle cells & fibrous CT that
develop in the uterus. Growths are typically benign.
/.Clinical manifestations of fibroids - Answer-Pain, menorrhagia, asymptomatic,
metrorohagia, pelvic pain, polyuria, lower back pain, palpable mass, dyspareunia,
anemia (due to heavy / long periods)
/.Diagnostic investigations of fibroids - Answer-X-ray, transvaginal ultrasound, MRI,
hysterscopy + endometrial biopsy, FBC (anemia)
/.Causes of Fibroids / Leiomyoma - Answer-Idiopathic, decreased estrogen production,
menopause, obesity =, nuliparity (women who hasn't given birth)
, /.Complications of fibroids - Answer-Infertility, polyuria, constipation, anemia
/.Treatment of fibroids - Answer-- Watchful waiting (as most fibroids stop growing or
may even shrink as the woman approaches menopause)
Surgery
- Hysterectomy
- Myomectomy (surgical removal of fibroids, uterus remains intact)
- Uterine artery embolizaton (cuts off blood supply & shrinks fibroid)
Hormones
- Gonadotropin releasing hormone agonist (lowers levels of estrogen & triggers medical
menopause, shrinks fibroids)
- Synthetic testosterone therapy (e.g. Danazol) (stops the release of FSH)
/.Pathophysiology of glaucoma - Answer-Irreversible damage to the optic nerve due to
increased intraoccular pressure
/.Normal IOP - Answer-8-21 mmHg
/.Types of Glaucoma - Answer-Chronic / primary open angle - overtime the trabecular
mesh work in the angle between the cornea & the iris undergoes degenerative changes
resulting in decrease drainage of aqueous fluid causing increase IOP & damage to optic
nerve.
Acute / primary closed angle - "It's a close call!" Medical emergency where the iris
closes blocking the outflow of aqueous fluid which causes raised IOP
/.Clinical Manifestions of chronic glaucoma - Answer-Painless, presents as loss of
peripheral vision, poor color contrast, loss of night vision, central vision loss
/.Clinical manifestations of acute glaucoma - Answer-Increased IOP above 40mmHg,
dilated pupils unresponsive to light, decreased visual acuity, pain, headache, nausea /
vomiting
/.Diagnostic investigations for glaucoma - Answer-Visual acuity, visual field test, slit
lamp examination, tonometry (measure fluid in the eye), eye history.
/.Causes / risk factors of glaucoma - Answer-Congenital, over production of aqueous
humor, closure the drainage system, trauma to the eye, Opthalmic surgery, diabetes,
cardiovascular disease, older age, family hx, myopia
/.Treatment for chronic glaucoma - Answer-Medications for life (ensure adherence by
emphasizing importance, involving family & GP)
- Daily Pilocarpine eye drops (causes pupil constriction & reduces fluid within eye, can
cause slight blurred vision for up to two hours afterwards)
