NURS 251 PHARM - EXAM QUESTIONS
WITH CORRECT ANSWERS 2025
MainVfunctionsVofVtheVrespiratoryVsystemV-VCORRECTVANSWERV-
(1)VdeliverVoxygenVtoVtheVcellsVofVbody.V(2)VremoveVcarbonVdioxideVfromVbody.
upperVrespiratoryVtractV-VCORRECTVANSWERV-outsideVchestVcavity
(nose,VandVnasopharynx;VdownVtoVtheVlarynx).
lowerVrespiratoryVtractV-VCORRECTVANSWERV-organsVwithinVchest
(trachea,VbronchialVtree,VandVlungs).
alveoliV-VCORRECTVANSWERV-
microscopicVsacsVwhereVoxygenVdiffusesVacrossVandVexchangedVforVcarbonVdioxideVwhenVaVpersonVbreat
hesVinVair
theVdiffusedVoxygenVisVthenVtakenVtoVtheVrestVofVtheVbodyVthroughVtheV-VCORRECTVANSWERV-
circulatoryVsystem
SeveralVcommonVdiseasesVthatVaffectVairwaysVandVexchangeVofVgasV-VCORRECTVANSWERV-
asthma,VCOPD,Vemphysema,VchronicVbronchitis
AsthmaV-VCORRECTVANSWERV-
generalVtermVforVrecurrentVandVreversibleVshortnessVofVbreathVresultingVfromVtheVnarrowingVofVtheVbronch
iVandVbronchioles.
COPDV-VCORRECTVANSWERV-consistsVofVbothVemphysemaVandVchronicVbronchitis.
emphysemaV-VCORRECTVANSWERV-aVdiseaseVprocessVinvolvingVinflammationVofVtheValveoli.
chronicVbronchitisV-VCORRECTVANSWERV-
chronicVinflammationVorVirritationVonVtheVlowerVrespiratoryVtract,VspecificallyVtheVbronchi.
TheVprimaryVdrugsVusedVinVtheVtreatmentVofVbothVasthmaVandVCOPDV-VCORRECTVANSWERV-
bronchodilatorsVandVaVvarietyVofVanti-inflammatoryVandVantiallergicVagents.
AllVthreeVofVtheseVdiseasesVhaveVoneVprimaryVsimilarityV-VCORRECTVANSWERV-
theyVallVinvolveVobstructionVofVairflowVthroughVtheVairways.
ChemicalVMediatorsV-VCORRECTVANSWERV-
areVdefinedVasVaVsubstanceVreleasedVfromVmastVcellsVandVwhiteVbloodVcellsVduringVinflammationVandValle
rgicVreactions.VAsVsuch,VchemicalVmediatorsVareVresponsibleVforVmostVofVtheVsymptomsVandVcomplication
sVassociatedVwithVasthmaVandVCOPD.
TheVonlyVchemicalVmediatorVwithVaVknownVinvolvementVwhereVdrugVtherapyVhasVbeenVshownVtoVhelpVpat
ientVsymptomsVisV-VCORRECTVANSWERV-Leukotrienes
WITH CORRECT ANSWERS 2025
MainVfunctionsVofVtheVrespiratoryVsystemV-VCORRECTVANSWERV-
(1)VdeliverVoxygenVtoVtheVcellsVofVbody.V(2)VremoveVcarbonVdioxideVfromVbody.
upperVrespiratoryVtractV-VCORRECTVANSWERV-outsideVchestVcavity
(nose,VandVnasopharynx;VdownVtoVtheVlarynx).
lowerVrespiratoryVtractV-VCORRECTVANSWERV-organsVwithinVchest
(trachea,VbronchialVtree,VandVlungs).
alveoliV-VCORRECTVANSWERV-
microscopicVsacsVwhereVoxygenVdiffusesVacrossVandVexchangedVforVcarbonVdioxideVwhenVaVpersonVbreat
hesVinVair
theVdiffusedVoxygenVisVthenVtakenVtoVtheVrestVofVtheVbodyVthroughVtheV-VCORRECTVANSWERV-
circulatoryVsystem
SeveralVcommonVdiseasesVthatVaffectVairwaysVandVexchangeVofVgasV-VCORRECTVANSWERV-
asthma,VCOPD,Vemphysema,VchronicVbronchitis
AsthmaV-VCORRECTVANSWERV-
generalVtermVforVrecurrentVandVreversibleVshortnessVofVbreathVresultingVfromVtheVnarrowingVofVtheVbronch
iVandVbronchioles.
COPDV-VCORRECTVANSWERV-consistsVofVbothVemphysemaVandVchronicVbronchitis.
emphysemaV-VCORRECTVANSWERV-aVdiseaseVprocessVinvolvingVinflammationVofVtheValveoli.
chronicVbronchitisV-VCORRECTVANSWERV-
chronicVinflammationVorVirritationVonVtheVlowerVrespiratoryVtract,VspecificallyVtheVbronchi.
TheVprimaryVdrugsVusedVinVtheVtreatmentVofVbothVasthmaVandVCOPDV-VCORRECTVANSWERV-
bronchodilatorsVandVaVvarietyVofVanti-inflammatoryVandVantiallergicVagents.
AllVthreeVofVtheseVdiseasesVhaveVoneVprimaryVsimilarityV-VCORRECTVANSWERV-
theyVallVinvolveVobstructionVofVairflowVthroughVtheVairways.
ChemicalVMediatorsV-VCORRECTVANSWERV-
areVdefinedVasVaVsubstanceVreleasedVfromVmastVcellsVandVwhiteVbloodVcellsVduringVinflammationVandValle
rgicVreactions.VAsVsuch,VchemicalVmediatorsVareVresponsibleVforVmostVofVtheVsymptomsVandVcomplication
sVassociatedVwithVasthmaVandVCOPD.
TheVonlyVchemicalVmediatorVwithVaVknownVinvolvementVwhereVdrugVtherapyVhasVbeenVshownVtoVhelpVpat
ientVsymptomsVisV-VCORRECTVANSWERV-Leukotrienes