NR 507 Final
1. Which of the following is true regarding a complicated urinary tract
infection?: Can be caused by a structural urinary tract disorder
2. Which of the following is a risk factor for the development of a urinary tract
infection (UTI)?: Pregnancy
3. A symptom of a lower urinary tract infection includes:: urgency
4. Women are at a higher risk for the development of a UTI because of having
a shorter urethra.: true
5. Which of the following can help to prevent a UTI?: Increase water
consumption
6. Uncomplicated UTI: Occurs in the normal urinary tract
Responds well to short course of antibiotic therapy
Simple cystitis in non-pregnant women without any urologic abnormalities
7. Complicated UTI: UTI extends beyond the bladder
Caused by structural or functional urinary tract abnormalities or untreated UTI
Infants and older adults affected
Associated with: indwelling catheters, renal calculi, diabetes, pregnancy
8. A 25 year- old female presents to the primary care office with urinary
burning and frequency for the last 3 days. She denies any fever, chills, back
pain. Her gynecological history is negative and reports no vaginal
discharge. The only new information reported is that she recently had
sexual intercourse with a new male partner.
The NP obtains a urinalysis and determines that the urine contains
leukocytes, RBCs, nitrites, and WBCs. No casts are identified. Based on
symptom presentation and UA results, the patient can be diagnosed with::
cystitis
9. J.S. is an 80 -year-old patient who resides in a local nursing home. He
recently became confused and then fell while ambulating to the bathroom
three days ago. Because of his confusion and fall, he was transferred to the
acute care facility for evaluation and treatment. Lab work revealed that the
patient was very dehydrated with hypernatremia identified and appropriate
intravenous fluids started. Cystitis was also identified from the urinalysis.
He was also noted to have red and excoriated skin between the buttocks
and inner thighs due to urinary frequency and dribbling. To help with skin
healing and to prevent further urine leakage, an indwelling catheter was
inserted. Two days after the catheter was placed, the patient spiked a fever
of 102 degrees Fahrenheit associated with shaking chills. An intense, foul
, odor was noted in the urine. On examination of the flank area, the patient
yelled out when touched. A urine culture was obtained and came back
positive for nitrites and RBCs. Urine microscopy revealed >100,000
WBC/hpf and casts.
Based on the information provided in the case, the patient can most likely be
diagnosed with:: pyelonephritis
10. Identify the major risk factor J.S. has that is associated with
pyelonephritis:: indwelling foley catheter
11. The urinalysis of a patient with a complicated UTI will show WBCs and
casts: true
12. Upon examination of a urinalysis, the NP can highly suspect that the
causative bacteria are gram negative because of the presence of:: nitrites
13. A 21-year-old patient reports to the primary care clinic complaining of
urinary urgency, frequency and burning. She also reports a small amount
of vaginal discharge that contains an odor. It is likely that the NP will
perform a vaginal exam at this visit.: true
14. The NP would know that the patient most likely has an uncomplicated UTI
because:: The UTI responds well to a short course of antibiotic therapy.
15. A common organism that causes a urinary tract infection include::
Staphylococcus saprophyticus. E coli
16. The purpose of straining in BPH is to overcome the obstruction
encountered during urination.: true
17. The peripheral zone of the prostate is the largest zone.: true
18. On a digital rectal exam to assess the quality of the prostate, the NP would
be concerned with which of the following findings?: hard nodule
19. There is a significant risk for men with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)
to develop cellular mutations that lead to prostate cancer.: false
20. The patient most often develops symptoms of BPH when:: The prostatic
urethra becomes obstructed.
21. Irritative symptoms: urinary frequency nocturia
urgency that results from bladder hypertrophy and dysfunction
22. obstructive symptoms: incomplete emptying post-void dribbling
23. The action of a 5-Alpha-reductase inhibitor causes:: Shrinkage of the
prostate gland.
24. Men who have BPH are prone to developing a UTI because:: Stagnated
urine in the bladder promotes bacterial growth.
, NR 507 Final
25. The prostate specific antigen (PSA) helps to liquefy semen post-
ejaculation.: true
26. The underlying cause of BPH is that normal prostate cells respond to
increases in dihydrotestosterone that causes them to live longer and
multiply.: true
27. The location of the characteristic hyperplastic nodules of BPH is:: In the
periurethral zone.
28. The type of stone that forms due to a urinary tract infection is:: Struvite
stone.
29. Renal stones are formed when calcium and oxalate in the urine combine.-
: true
30. Renal calculi are typically confined to the bladder.: false
31. The most common type of stone is:: calcium stone
32. The gold standard for diagnosing a renal stone is a urinalysis.: false (ct
scan)
33. A 45-year-old male presents to the primary care office with right flank pain
that he describes as unremitting; he also reports nausea and vomiting.
The NP performs an exam and observes him writhing in pain on the exam
table with the inability to find a comfortable position. He is afebrile, BP
156/88 mmHg and HR 106/min. Right flank is mildly tender on palpation.
Abdominal exam is negative for any abnormality. A urinalysis was
performed and revealed 1+ blood. Urine microscopy also revealed 10-20
RBCs per high-power field (hpf). A kidney stone is suspected. The patient
reports no prior history of a kidney stone. After providing the patient an
analgesic, where the patient reported mild relief, the NP had the patient
transferred to the emergency room for intravenous fluids, pain
management and further work-up for the kidney stone. Upon follow-up in
the office a week later, the patient reported that he was diagnosed with a
kidney stone, but he was not aware of the type of stone or the cause for it.
He was very concerned about why he had the associated severe flank pain
and asked the NP why the pain was so severe and how could he avoid
another stone in the future.
Since this is the patient's first episode of having a kidney stone, it is most
likely a calcium stone. It is the most common stone with the cause unknown.
If there was an opportunity for the patient to pass the stone, it could be
analyzed to determine the type.
1. Which of the following is true regarding a complicated urinary tract
infection?: Can be caused by a structural urinary tract disorder
2. Which of the following is a risk factor for the development of a urinary tract
infection (UTI)?: Pregnancy
3. A symptom of a lower urinary tract infection includes:: urgency
4. Women are at a higher risk for the development of a UTI because of having
a shorter urethra.: true
5. Which of the following can help to prevent a UTI?: Increase water
consumption
6. Uncomplicated UTI: Occurs in the normal urinary tract
Responds well to short course of antibiotic therapy
Simple cystitis in non-pregnant women without any urologic abnormalities
7. Complicated UTI: UTI extends beyond the bladder
Caused by structural or functional urinary tract abnormalities or untreated UTI
Infants and older adults affected
Associated with: indwelling catheters, renal calculi, diabetes, pregnancy
8. A 25 year- old female presents to the primary care office with urinary
burning and frequency for the last 3 days. She denies any fever, chills, back
pain. Her gynecological history is negative and reports no vaginal
discharge. The only new information reported is that she recently had
sexual intercourse with a new male partner.
The NP obtains a urinalysis and determines that the urine contains
leukocytes, RBCs, nitrites, and WBCs. No casts are identified. Based on
symptom presentation and UA results, the patient can be diagnosed with::
cystitis
9. J.S. is an 80 -year-old patient who resides in a local nursing home. He
recently became confused and then fell while ambulating to the bathroom
three days ago. Because of his confusion and fall, he was transferred to the
acute care facility for evaluation and treatment. Lab work revealed that the
patient was very dehydrated with hypernatremia identified and appropriate
intravenous fluids started. Cystitis was also identified from the urinalysis.
He was also noted to have red and excoriated skin between the buttocks
and inner thighs due to urinary frequency and dribbling. To help with skin
healing and to prevent further urine leakage, an indwelling catheter was
inserted. Two days after the catheter was placed, the patient spiked a fever
of 102 degrees Fahrenheit associated with shaking chills. An intense, foul
, odor was noted in the urine. On examination of the flank area, the patient
yelled out when touched. A urine culture was obtained and came back
positive for nitrites and RBCs. Urine microscopy revealed >100,000
WBC/hpf and casts.
Based on the information provided in the case, the patient can most likely be
diagnosed with:: pyelonephritis
10. Identify the major risk factor J.S. has that is associated with
pyelonephritis:: indwelling foley catheter
11. The urinalysis of a patient with a complicated UTI will show WBCs and
casts: true
12. Upon examination of a urinalysis, the NP can highly suspect that the
causative bacteria are gram negative because of the presence of:: nitrites
13. A 21-year-old patient reports to the primary care clinic complaining of
urinary urgency, frequency and burning. She also reports a small amount
of vaginal discharge that contains an odor. It is likely that the NP will
perform a vaginal exam at this visit.: true
14. The NP would know that the patient most likely has an uncomplicated UTI
because:: The UTI responds well to a short course of antibiotic therapy.
15. A common organism that causes a urinary tract infection include::
Staphylococcus saprophyticus. E coli
16. The purpose of straining in BPH is to overcome the obstruction
encountered during urination.: true
17. The peripheral zone of the prostate is the largest zone.: true
18. On a digital rectal exam to assess the quality of the prostate, the NP would
be concerned with which of the following findings?: hard nodule
19. There is a significant risk for men with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)
to develop cellular mutations that lead to prostate cancer.: false
20. The patient most often develops symptoms of BPH when:: The prostatic
urethra becomes obstructed.
21. Irritative symptoms: urinary frequency nocturia
urgency that results from bladder hypertrophy and dysfunction
22. obstructive symptoms: incomplete emptying post-void dribbling
23. The action of a 5-Alpha-reductase inhibitor causes:: Shrinkage of the
prostate gland.
24. Men who have BPH are prone to developing a UTI because:: Stagnated
urine in the bladder promotes bacterial growth.
, NR 507 Final
25. The prostate specific antigen (PSA) helps to liquefy semen post-
ejaculation.: true
26. The underlying cause of BPH is that normal prostate cells respond to
increases in dihydrotestosterone that causes them to live longer and
multiply.: true
27. The location of the characteristic hyperplastic nodules of BPH is:: In the
periurethral zone.
28. The type of stone that forms due to a urinary tract infection is:: Struvite
stone.
29. Renal stones are formed when calcium and oxalate in the urine combine.-
: true
30. Renal calculi are typically confined to the bladder.: false
31. The most common type of stone is:: calcium stone
32. The gold standard for diagnosing a renal stone is a urinalysis.: false (ct
scan)
33. A 45-year-old male presents to the primary care office with right flank pain
that he describes as unremitting; he also reports nausea and vomiting.
The NP performs an exam and observes him writhing in pain on the exam
table with the inability to find a comfortable position. He is afebrile, BP
156/88 mmHg and HR 106/min. Right flank is mildly tender on palpation.
Abdominal exam is negative for any abnormality. A urinalysis was
performed and revealed 1+ blood. Urine microscopy also revealed 10-20
RBCs per high-power field (hpf). A kidney stone is suspected. The patient
reports no prior history of a kidney stone. After providing the patient an
analgesic, where the patient reported mild relief, the NP had the patient
transferred to the emergency room for intravenous fluids, pain
management and further work-up for the kidney stone. Upon follow-up in
the office a week later, the patient reported that he was diagnosed with a
kidney stone, but he was not aware of the type of stone or the cause for it.
He was very concerned about why he had the associated severe flank pain
and asked the NP why the pain was so severe and how could he avoid
another stone in the future.
Since this is the patient's first episode of having a kidney stone, it is most
likely a calcium stone. It is the most common stone with the cause unknown.
If there was an opportunity for the patient to pass the stone, it could be
analyzed to determine the type.
