NR 547 WEEK 7 EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED LATEST UPDATE

NR 547 WEEK 7 EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED LATEST UPDATE 5.0 (1 review) Specific ADHD symptoms may arise from abnormalities within circuits in the _________________, which affect _. prefrontal cortex, executive functioning Both selective and sustained attention are modulated by the , the same loop that is associated with _____________ corticostriatal-thalamocortical (CSTC) loop, anxiety Which NTMs are associated with inefficient information processing in the prefrontal circuits Norepinephrine (NE) and Dopamine (DA) How do non-stimulant medications work to control ADHD symptoms by selective inhibition of presynaptic norepinephrine reuptake in the prefrontal cortex and enhancement of norepinephrine neurotransmissioncan help lower distractibility and improve attention, working memory, and impulsivity. How do stimulant medications work to control ADHD symptoms stimulate the release of NE and DA or boost the firing of associated neurons in the prefrontal cortex may help improve information processing Methylphenidate Low risk of adverse effects Available formulations: Ritalin: available in immediate-release (IR) and extended-release (XR)available in beads that may be sprinkled on food for children who cannot swallow pills Concerta: biphasic – combined immediate and delayed release in one medication Daytran: a patch applied in the morning and removed after 9 hours dexmethylphenidate (Focalin) Available in immediate release and extended release More potent than Ritalin High risk of adverse effects amphetamine (Adzenys) It is available in an orally-disintegrating extended-release formula for children who cannot swallow pills. Avoid prescribing when an MAOI has been used within 14 days. dextroamphetamine (Adderall) Available in immediate and extended-release formulations Often dosed in AM (IR or XR) with a PM or PM PRN (IR) dose if medication effects diminish prior to the end of school, study, or the workday Most abused and diverted prescription stimulants lisdexamfetamine (Vyvanse) Biologically inactive until metabolized by the body (Prodrug) Less abuse and diversion potential than other stimulants Higher-cost medication Prescribing Peals: Stimulants Assess for a personal or family history of cardiac disease: An EKG is required if present in a first-degree relative. Blood pressure, height, and weight should be monitored regularly. Stimulants may cause psychotic or manic symptoms Assess all clients for bipolar disorder Stimulants may exacerbate comorbid anxiety and substance use disorders. Treatment efficacy will be noted within the first week of treatment. Increased irritability and insomnia can be treated with a low dose of non- stimulant medication which will allow the client to fall asleep. Abrupt withdrawal can result in irritability and rebound symptoms. Stimulants can cause or worsen tics; stimulants may unmask the presence of tics. When switching stimulants, discontinue the current medication and start the new medication at a starting dose the next day. Stimulant medications available to treat ADHD are available as immediate-release or sustained-release formulations. Short-acting medications are at higher risk for diversion Occasional urine drug screens should be obtained to verify the presence of amphetamines and the absence of other substances of abuse.