,DOWNLOAD THE Test Bank for Ecology The Economy of Nature 9th Edition
Relyea
Name: Class: Date:
Chapter 1
1. Which ecological level would be of most interest to an ecologist studying adaptations?
a. ecosystem
b. population
c. individual
d. community
ANSWER: c
2. Which of the following is NOT a property used in the study of populations?
a. density
b. change in size
c. composition
d. interactions with other populations
ANSWER: d
3. Which level of ecological hierarchy includes the movement of water and air?
a. community
b. population
c. ecosystem
d. biosphere
ANSWER: d
4. A group of organisms that interbreeds in nature and produces fertile offspring is called a
a. population.
b. species.
c. community.
d. prokaryote.
ANSWER: b
5. The boundaries of communities are
a. difficult for species to cross.
b. flexible.
c. clear and distinct.
d. never overlapping.
ANSWER: b
6. Which is the correct hierarchy of ecological systems, from smallest to largest?
a. ecosystem, biosphere, community, population, individual
b. individual, community, population, ecosystem, biosphere
c. individual, population, ecosystem, biosphere, community
d. individual, population, community, ecosystem, biosphere
ANSWER: d
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,DOWNLOAD THE Test Bank for Ecology The Economy of Nature 9th Edition
Relyea
Name: Class: Date:
Chapter 1
7. Which of the following systems is composed of assemblages of organisms together with their physical and
chemical environments?
a. organism
b. population
c. community
d. ecosystem
ANSWER: d
8. An ecologist who studies populations would most likely be interested in
a. adaptations that help individual organisms live in their environment.
b. births and deaths of individuals belonging to a particular species in a particular place.
c. the number and relative abundance of species living in a particular place.
d. physical and chemical transformations of energy and materials in the soil, atmosphere, and water.
ANSWER: b
9. Explain how studying a community can provide insight into population changes.
ANSWER: Many species’ interactions play a part in birth and death rates of populations, such as any species
that relies on another for food. Understanding these relationships is often essential to understand
why a population is growing or shrinking.
10. Explain how the definition of species has become more complicated. Give an example.
ANSWER: While species were originally defined as organisms that could interbreed and produce fertile
offspring, exceptions continue to be found. For example, prokaryotic organisms can transfer DNA to
each other in horizontal gene transfer. This makes it hard to have a clear difference between species,
since they can easily share DNA but are varied enough that they cannot be considered one species.
11. The first law of thermodynamics states that
a. life requires energy to be continually added to Earth.
b. matter cannot be created or destroyed.
c. when energy changes form, some energy is lost.
d. energy cannot be created or destroyed, but only change form.
ANSWER: d
12. In a dynamic steady state
a. there are no inputs or outputs to the system.
b. the second law of thermodynamics does not apply.
c. there is no net change in the system.
d. the system will continue to grow.
ANSWER: c
13. In evolution by natural selection, which of the following is true?
a. All individuals within a population are identical.
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, DOWNLOAD THE Test Bank for Ecology The Economy of Nature 9th Edition
Relyea
Name: Class: Date:
Chapter 1
b. Some individuals have a higher fitness because of their traits.
c. Offspring inherit every trait from both parents.
d. The fitness of an individual refers to the strength of the individual.
ANSWER: b
14. How can species interactions increase the rate at which species evolve?
a. Interactions reduce the effects of natural selection.
b. Interactions increase the fitness of all individuals.
c. Interactions make certain traits more useful.
d. Interactions reduce the genetic variety in individuals.
ANSWER: c
15. A phenotype is
a. the traits an individual can pass on to its offspring.
b. the expression of an individual’s traits.
c. the genes an individual possesses.
d. a trait caused by interaction with another species.
ANSWER: b
16. To maintain a dynamic steady state in a community, which two factors must balance?
a. new species arrivals and current species extinctions
b. immigration and emigration
c. births and deaths
d. food consumed and energy expended
ANSWER: a
17. At what ecological level does evolution occur?
a. individual
b. population
c. ecosystem
d. community
ANSWER: b
18. How might one hierarchical level that is not in steady state affect the hierarchical level above it?
ANSWER: If the individual level is not maintained in steady state, this might mean that the organism would not
find enough food to meet its energy requirements, reducing its fitness. If continued across multiple
individuals, the birth rate might decrease and the death rate increase, leading to the potential for the
population to go out of equilibrium as well.
19. Many warm-blooded organisms must maintain a constant temperature that is commonly warmer than their
surroundings. What is the cost associated with maintaining the dynamic steady state, and how is this cost met?
ANSWER: To maintain a system in disequilibrium with its environment requires expenditure of energy. A
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Relyea
Name: Class: Date:
Chapter 1
1. Which ecological level would be of most interest to an ecologist studying adaptations?
a. ecosystem
b. population
c. individual
d. community
ANSWER: c
2. Which of the following is NOT a property used in the study of populations?
a. density
b. change in size
c. composition
d. interactions with other populations
ANSWER: d
3. Which level of ecological hierarchy includes the movement of water and air?
a. community
b. population
c. ecosystem
d. biosphere
ANSWER: d
4. A group of organisms that interbreeds in nature and produces fertile offspring is called a
a. population.
b. species.
c. community.
d. prokaryote.
ANSWER: b
5. The boundaries of communities are
a. difficult for species to cross.
b. flexible.
c. clear and distinct.
d. never overlapping.
ANSWER: b
6. Which is the correct hierarchy of ecological systems, from smallest to largest?
a. ecosystem, biosphere, community, population, individual
b. individual, community, population, ecosystem, biosphere
c. individual, population, ecosystem, biosphere, community
d. individual, population, community, ecosystem, biosphere
ANSWER: d
Copyright Macmillan Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 1
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,DOWNLOAD THE Test Bank for Ecology The Economy of Nature 9th Edition
Relyea
Name: Class: Date:
Chapter 1
7. Which of the following systems is composed of assemblages of organisms together with their physical and
chemical environments?
a. organism
b. population
c. community
d. ecosystem
ANSWER: d
8. An ecologist who studies populations would most likely be interested in
a. adaptations that help individual organisms live in their environment.
b. births and deaths of individuals belonging to a particular species in a particular place.
c. the number and relative abundance of species living in a particular place.
d. physical and chemical transformations of energy and materials in the soil, atmosphere, and water.
ANSWER: b
9. Explain how studying a community can provide insight into population changes.
ANSWER: Many species’ interactions play a part in birth and death rates of populations, such as any species
that relies on another for food. Understanding these relationships is often essential to understand
why a population is growing or shrinking.
10. Explain how the definition of species has become more complicated. Give an example.
ANSWER: While species were originally defined as organisms that could interbreed and produce fertile
offspring, exceptions continue to be found. For example, prokaryotic organisms can transfer DNA to
each other in horizontal gene transfer. This makes it hard to have a clear difference between species,
since they can easily share DNA but are varied enough that they cannot be considered one species.
11. The first law of thermodynamics states that
a. life requires energy to be continually added to Earth.
b. matter cannot be created or destroyed.
c. when energy changes form, some energy is lost.
d. energy cannot be created or destroyed, but only change form.
ANSWER: d
12. In a dynamic steady state
a. there are no inputs or outputs to the system.
b. the second law of thermodynamics does not apply.
c. there is no net change in the system.
d. the system will continue to grow.
ANSWER: c
13. In evolution by natural selection, which of the following is true?
a. All individuals within a population are identical.
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, DOWNLOAD THE Test Bank for Ecology The Economy of Nature 9th Edition
Relyea
Name: Class: Date:
Chapter 1
b. Some individuals have a higher fitness because of their traits.
c. Offspring inherit every trait from both parents.
d. The fitness of an individual refers to the strength of the individual.
ANSWER: b
14. How can species interactions increase the rate at which species evolve?
a. Interactions reduce the effects of natural selection.
b. Interactions increase the fitness of all individuals.
c. Interactions make certain traits more useful.
d. Interactions reduce the genetic variety in individuals.
ANSWER: c
15. A phenotype is
a. the traits an individual can pass on to its offspring.
b. the expression of an individual’s traits.
c. the genes an individual possesses.
d. a trait caused by interaction with another species.
ANSWER: b
16. To maintain a dynamic steady state in a community, which two factors must balance?
a. new species arrivals and current species extinctions
b. immigration and emigration
c. births and deaths
d. food consumed and energy expended
ANSWER: a
17. At what ecological level does evolution occur?
a. individual
b. population
c. ecosystem
d. community
ANSWER: b
18. How might one hierarchical level that is not in steady state affect the hierarchical level above it?
ANSWER: If the individual level is not maintained in steady state, this might mean that the organism would not
find enough food to meet its energy requirements, reducing its fitness. If continued across multiple
individuals, the birth rate might decrease and the death rate increase, leading to the potential for the
population to go out of equilibrium as well.
19. Many warm-blooded organisms must maintain a constant temperature that is commonly warmer than their
surroundings. What is the cost associated with maintaining the dynamic steady state, and how is this cost met?
ANSWER: To maintain a system in disequilibrium with its environment requires expenditure of energy. A
Copyright Macmillan Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 3
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