AACN PCCN Review: Renal Questions with verified correct detailed Answers latest update 2025

AACN PCCN Review: Renal Questions with
verified correct detailed Answers latest
update 2025


Renal --- correct answer ---Glomerulus

Tubule

Nephron

Trauma




Glomerulus: acute glomerulonephritis, acute cortical necrosis,
hepatorenal syndrome

Tubule: acute tubular necrosis, acute pyelonephritis

Nephrotoxins: heavy metals, antibiotics, radiographic contrast media,
anesthetics

Pigments: hemoglobin, myoglobin

Trauma, intravenous hemolysis, rhabdomyolysis




Phases of ARD --- correct answer ---Onset: kidney damage occurs



Oliguric: Urine output decreases from renal tubule damage.

,Diuretic: The kidneys try to heal and urine output increases, but
tubule scarring and damage occur.




Recovery: Tubular edema resolves and renal function improves



ARD: Onset Phase --- correct answer ---BUN & Creatinine Rising

Urine Output Dropping

Diuretics Still Working

Acidosis Beginning




ARD: Oliguric Phase --- correct answer ---Alteration in Electrolyte
Balance

Potential for Infection

Alteration in acid-base Balance

Alteration in Nutrition Status

Uremic Syndrome

Alteration in Pulmonary Status

Alteration in GI Function



ARD: Diuretic Phase --- correct answer ---Fluid Loss

, Goal is to Maintain Adequate Fluid Balance and Regulate Electrolytes
4

Phase

Alteration in Electrolytes



ARD: Recovery Phase --- correct answer ---Goal is Supportive Care

Prevent Further Insults

Assessment of Renal Function

Keep Patient Well Hydrated and Free From Infection

Prevent Further Insults




ARD: Presentation --- correct answer ---a. Hypertension

b. Tachycardia

c. Decreased UO

d. Lethargy

e. Pulmonary Edema

f. Depends on Type

g. Very Similar to Chronic RF



Acute Kidney Disease Nursing Treatment --- correct answer ---a.
Ensure Hydration