MPH Comprehensive Exam || WITH A+ GRADED
SOLUTIONS!!
Radon is a radioactive gas released from soil and rocks and is a carcinogen implicated in lung
cancer. The radon mitigation system includes which of the following?
a. Gravel
b. Plastic sheeting sealing and caulking
c. Vent pipe
d. Junction box
e. All of the above correct answers E. All of the above
For purposes of a risk assessment how do you characterize the at-risk population?
a. Geography/location
b. Proximity to a specific location
c. Birth cohort
d. All of the above correct answers D. All of the above
The effects of exposure are influenced by individual susceptibility, which depends on age,
developmental stage, nutrition, and social support. Pollutants in the indoor environment are
potentially more hazardous to children than adults because their lungs are still growing and
maturing; younger children breathe more air than older children or adults, and they spend
more time indoors. Which of the following approaches will you consider in reducing indoor
air pollutions?
a. Eliminating or controlling the sources of pollution
b. Ventilation with outdoor air to dilute and remove pollutants
c. Air cleaning by air filters and ionizers to remove pollutants
d. All of the above
e. A and b only correct answers D. All of the above
Cigarette smoking during pregnancy has been associated with congenital anomalies. Which
of the following statements describe(s) the role of smoking during pregnancy and children's
health?
a. Children whose mothers smoke have more respiratory problems than children whose
mothers do not
b. Pneumonia and hospitalization in the first year of life are more frequent in children whose
mothers smoke
c. Infant mortality is higher in children born to women who smoked during pregnancy than in
children of nonsmokers
d. Infants of mothers who smoke have higher risk of SIDS than infants of mothers who do not
e. All of the above correct answers E. All of the above
Power plants, factories, and vehicles spew out harmful gases and small particles that can
penetrate deep into human lungs, causing health problems. In strong sunlight, oxides of
nitrogen from vehicle exhaust fumes form ozone at ground level, which can trigger asthma
attacks. Which of the following constitute major outdoor pollutants that can have an adverse
effect on human health?
a. Particulate matter
b. Ozone
c. Carbon monoxide
,d. All of the above
e. A and c only correct answers D. All of the above
Parental smoking and indoor and outdoor air pollutants have been associated with childhood
asthma, and asthma is one of the leading causes of chronic disease among children. Which of
the following is (are) indicative of increase in asthma severity among children with the
condition?
a. Frequency and intensity of asthma attack
b. Number of ER visits during the year
c. All of the above
d. A and b only correct answers C. All of the above
An estimated 4,000 toxic substances have been isolated in cigarette smoke. Some of these
substances are clearly termed toxic and others as carcinogens. Which of the following
substances in cigarette smoke have been categorized as carcinogenic?
a. Benzo (a) pyrene
b. N-Nitrosodimethylamine
c. Cadium
d. All of the above
e. A and c only correct answers D. All of the above
The primary method used to predict movement of substances in environmental media is:
a. Actual measurements of air and water pollutants at various places in the environment
b. Exposure models
c. Tagging pollutants with radioactive tracers and measuring the radioactivity at various times
and locations within the environmental media
d. None of these correct answers B. Exposure models
The clinical features of CO poisoning are highly variable, and symptoms vary from mild to
very severe. As an environmental health specialist for the county's health department, you are
at a scene with individuals exposed to CO. Which of the following manifestations would you
expect to observe?
a. Dizziness, fatigue dyspnea
b. Vomiting
c. Irritability
d. Unconsciousness/coma
e. All of the above correct answers E. All of the above
1. Toxic substances are often described by their abilities to cause adverse or unwanted health
effects. Which of the following statements describes risk?
A. It is the capacity of a substance to cause an adverse effect in a specific organ or organ
system
B. It reflects the probability that a hazard will occur under specific exposure conditions
c. It involves weighting of policy alternatives and selection of the most appropriate actions
d. It results in a statistically derived probability that an adverse effect will occur at a defines
exposure level
e. None of these correct answers B. It reflects the probability that a hazard will occur under
specific exposure conditions
D. It results in a statistically derived probability that an adverse effect will occur at a defines
exposure level
,Although pesticides are used specifically to kill pests, many of them have environmental
impacts as well as toxic effects on humans. The environmental impact of their use includes
resistance development, killing of beneficial species, and environmental contaminant. Which
of the following is (are) the result(s) of unintended contamination by pesticides?
a. Direct killing of organisms exposed to chemicals
b. Indirect killing via depletion of food or habitat
c. Groundwater contamination
d. Indirect contamination via food chains
e. All of the above correct answers E. All of the above
CO intoxication or poisoning carries lethal consequences. What are the primary prevention
modalities that may help reduce the poisoning and mortality associated with CO?
a. Limiting exposure to known CO sources
b. Proper installation, maintenance and use of combustion appliances
c. Both of the above
d. None of the above correct answers c. Both of the above
The primary toxic effect that determines the type of procedure to be used in conducting a risk
assessment is:
a. Lethality in laboratory animals
b. Evidence that the chemical is noncarcinogenic
c. The ability of the chemical to cause eye irritation
d. Evidence that the chemical is carcinogenic
e. None of the above correct answers d. Evidence that the chemical is carcinogenic
The process in which the does-response assessment and exposure assessments are integrated
to predict risk in specific populations is known as which of the following?
a. Risk management
b. Hazard identification
c. Risk characterization
d. Risk modification
e. Risk quantification correct answers c. Risk characterization
The following are elements of a good surveillance system:
-Simplicity
-flexibility
-data quality
-acceptability
-sensitivity and specificity
-predictive value positive or negative
-representativeness
-timeliness
stability
a. True
b. False correct answers a. True
Clinical Trial is considered a gold standard in terms of epi designs. The purpose of random
assignment in clinical trials is to
a. Minimize selection bias in the allocation of treatment
,b. Enhance double blinding
c. Facilitate the measurement of the exposure variable
d. Facilitate the measurement of the outcome variable
e. Control for confounding correct answers E. Control for confounding
To control the distribution of disease, the epi approach is to:
a. Prevent the occurrence of new cases
b. Eradicate existing cases
c. Prolong the lives of those with the disease
d. All of the above
e. A and B correct answers d. All of the above
Bias is a systematic error arising from inaccurate measurement. Compared with prospective
cohort study, which of the following biases is most commonly associated with case-control
design?
a. Interview bias
b. Surveillance bias
c. Recall bias
d. Lead time bias
e. Non-response bias correct answers C. Recall bias
Techniques to reduce bias include all of the following except:
a. Develop an explicit case definition
b. Enroll all cases in a defined time and region
c. Strive for high participation rates
d. Multivariate techniques in the data analysis correct answers d. Multivariate techniques in
the data analysis
The attributes of a good screening test include which of the following:
a. Simple
b. Rapid
c. Inexpensive
d. Safe
e. Acceptable
f. All of the above correct answers f. All of the above
In a case-control study of osteoporosis, investigators examine 100 women as case and an
equal number of women as control, and found low calcium intake in 40 of the cases and 20 of
the controls. What is the odds ratio in the association between low calcium intake and
developing osteoporosis in this population?
a. 1.53
b. 15.3
c. 2.66
d. 26.6
e. Cannot be estimated correct answers c. 2.66
(a/c) / (b/d)
In the Framingham Heart Study (FHS), the residents of the state of Massachusetts have been
followed since the late 1940s to identify occurrence of and risk factors for heart disease. This
, study identified high blood pressure, hyperlipidemia, stress, and physical inactivity as risk
factors in heart disease. This dynamic cohort now involves the grandchildren of the original
cohort. Which of the following study designs represent this study?
a. Cross-sectional
b. Prospective cohort
c. Retrospective cohort
d. Case-control
e. None of the above correct answers b. Prospective cohort
In a survey conducted to examine the prevalence of two diseases, X and Y, in a specific
population, the investigators found that the prevalence of disease X was higher than the
prevalence of disease Y. If the incidence and seasonal pattern of both diseases are similar,
which of these statements are consistent with this observation?
a. Patients die quickly from disease Y but not disease X
b. Patients die quickly from disease X but not disease Y
c. Patients recover more quickly from disease Y than from disease X
d. Patients recover more quickly from disease X than from disease Y
e. A and C only correct answers e. A and C only
Type A behavior includes all of the following except:
a. Drive
b. Hostility
c. Aggressiveness
d. Cooperation
e. Ambition correct answers d. Cooperation
During the third week of January 2006, 80 persons in Newtown out of a population of 450
attended a wedding ceremony, which included a meal prepared by several of the participants.
Within 2 days, 35 of the participant became ill with salmonellosis. Estimate the attack rate
among the participants.
a. 7.7/100
b. 43.75/100
c. 17.7/100
d. 21.2/100
e. None of the above correct answers b. 43.75/100
# of people who became ill / number of people at risk
The Human Genome Project affects which of the following:
a. Biofuels
b. Health risks
c. Bioremediation
d. Macroeconomics
e. A, b, and c only correct answers E. a, b and c only
The steps used in investigating an infectious disease outbreak include:
a. Define the problem
b. Appraise existing data
c. Formulate an hypothesis
d. Test the hypothesis
SOLUTIONS!!
Radon is a radioactive gas released from soil and rocks and is a carcinogen implicated in lung
cancer. The radon mitigation system includes which of the following?
a. Gravel
b. Plastic sheeting sealing and caulking
c. Vent pipe
d. Junction box
e. All of the above correct answers E. All of the above
For purposes of a risk assessment how do you characterize the at-risk population?
a. Geography/location
b. Proximity to a specific location
c. Birth cohort
d. All of the above correct answers D. All of the above
The effects of exposure are influenced by individual susceptibility, which depends on age,
developmental stage, nutrition, and social support. Pollutants in the indoor environment are
potentially more hazardous to children than adults because their lungs are still growing and
maturing; younger children breathe more air than older children or adults, and they spend
more time indoors. Which of the following approaches will you consider in reducing indoor
air pollutions?
a. Eliminating or controlling the sources of pollution
b. Ventilation with outdoor air to dilute and remove pollutants
c. Air cleaning by air filters and ionizers to remove pollutants
d. All of the above
e. A and b only correct answers D. All of the above
Cigarette smoking during pregnancy has been associated with congenital anomalies. Which
of the following statements describe(s) the role of smoking during pregnancy and children's
health?
a. Children whose mothers smoke have more respiratory problems than children whose
mothers do not
b. Pneumonia and hospitalization in the first year of life are more frequent in children whose
mothers smoke
c. Infant mortality is higher in children born to women who smoked during pregnancy than in
children of nonsmokers
d. Infants of mothers who smoke have higher risk of SIDS than infants of mothers who do not
e. All of the above correct answers E. All of the above
Power plants, factories, and vehicles spew out harmful gases and small particles that can
penetrate deep into human lungs, causing health problems. In strong sunlight, oxides of
nitrogen from vehicle exhaust fumes form ozone at ground level, which can trigger asthma
attacks. Which of the following constitute major outdoor pollutants that can have an adverse
effect on human health?
a. Particulate matter
b. Ozone
c. Carbon monoxide
,d. All of the above
e. A and c only correct answers D. All of the above
Parental smoking and indoor and outdoor air pollutants have been associated with childhood
asthma, and asthma is one of the leading causes of chronic disease among children. Which of
the following is (are) indicative of increase in asthma severity among children with the
condition?
a. Frequency and intensity of asthma attack
b. Number of ER visits during the year
c. All of the above
d. A and b only correct answers C. All of the above
An estimated 4,000 toxic substances have been isolated in cigarette smoke. Some of these
substances are clearly termed toxic and others as carcinogens. Which of the following
substances in cigarette smoke have been categorized as carcinogenic?
a. Benzo (a) pyrene
b. N-Nitrosodimethylamine
c. Cadium
d. All of the above
e. A and c only correct answers D. All of the above
The primary method used to predict movement of substances in environmental media is:
a. Actual measurements of air and water pollutants at various places in the environment
b. Exposure models
c. Tagging pollutants with radioactive tracers and measuring the radioactivity at various times
and locations within the environmental media
d. None of these correct answers B. Exposure models
The clinical features of CO poisoning are highly variable, and symptoms vary from mild to
very severe. As an environmental health specialist for the county's health department, you are
at a scene with individuals exposed to CO. Which of the following manifestations would you
expect to observe?
a. Dizziness, fatigue dyspnea
b. Vomiting
c. Irritability
d. Unconsciousness/coma
e. All of the above correct answers E. All of the above
1. Toxic substances are often described by their abilities to cause adverse or unwanted health
effects. Which of the following statements describes risk?
A. It is the capacity of a substance to cause an adverse effect in a specific organ or organ
system
B. It reflects the probability that a hazard will occur under specific exposure conditions
c. It involves weighting of policy alternatives and selection of the most appropriate actions
d. It results in a statistically derived probability that an adverse effect will occur at a defines
exposure level
e. None of these correct answers B. It reflects the probability that a hazard will occur under
specific exposure conditions
D. It results in a statistically derived probability that an adverse effect will occur at a defines
exposure level
,Although pesticides are used specifically to kill pests, many of them have environmental
impacts as well as toxic effects on humans. The environmental impact of their use includes
resistance development, killing of beneficial species, and environmental contaminant. Which
of the following is (are) the result(s) of unintended contamination by pesticides?
a. Direct killing of organisms exposed to chemicals
b. Indirect killing via depletion of food or habitat
c. Groundwater contamination
d. Indirect contamination via food chains
e. All of the above correct answers E. All of the above
CO intoxication or poisoning carries lethal consequences. What are the primary prevention
modalities that may help reduce the poisoning and mortality associated with CO?
a. Limiting exposure to known CO sources
b. Proper installation, maintenance and use of combustion appliances
c. Both of the above
d. None of the above correct answers c. Both of the above
The primary toxic effect that determines the type of procedure to be used in conducting a risk
assessment is:
a. Lethality in laboratory animals
b. Evidence that the chemical is noncarcinogenic
c. The ability of the chemical to cause eye irritation
d. Evidence that the chemical is carcinogenic
e. None of the above correct answers d. Evidence that the chemical is carcinogenic
The process in which the does-response assessment and exposure assessments are integrated
to predict risk in specific populations is known as which of the following?
a. Risk management
b. Hazard identification
c. Risk characterization
d. Risk modification
e. Risk quantification correct answers c. Risk characterization
The following are elements of a good surveillance system:
-Simplicity
-flexibility
-data quality
-acceptability
-sensitivity and specificity
-predictive value positive or negative
-representativeness
-timeliness
stability
a. True
b. False correct answers a. True
Clinical Trial is considered a gold standard in terms of epi designs. The purpose of random
assignment in clinical trials is to
a. Minimize selection bias in the allocation of treatment
,b. Enhance double blinding
c. Facilitate the measurement of the exposure variable
d. Facilitate the measurement of the outcome variable
e. Control for confounding correct answers E. Control for confounding
To control the distribution of disease, the epi approach is to:
a. Prevent the occurrence of new cases
b. Eradicate existing cases
c. Prolong the lives of those with the disease
d. All of the above
e. A and B correct answers d. All of the above
Bias is a systematic error arising from inaccurate measurement. Compared with prospective
cohort study, which of the following biases is most commonly associated with case-control
design?
a. Interview bias
b. Surveillance bias
c. Recall bias
d. Lead time bias
e. Non-response bias correct answers C. Recall bias
Techniques to reduce bias include all of the following except:
a. Develop an explicit case definition
b. Enroll all cases in a defined time and region
c. Strive for high participation rates
d. Multivariate techniques in the data analysis correct answers d. Multivariate techniques in
the data analysis
The attributes of a good screening test include which of the following:
a. Simple
b. Rapid
c. Inexpensive
d. Safe
e. Acceptable
f. All of the above correct answers f. All of the above
In a case-control study of osteoporosis, investigators examine 100 women as case and an
equal number of women as control, and found low calcium intake in 40 of the cases and 20 of
the controls. What is the odds ratio in the association between low calcium intake and
developing osteoporosis in this population?
a. 1.53
b. 15.3
c. 2.66
d. 26.6
e. Cannot be estimated correct answers c. 2.66
(a/c) / (b/d)
In the Framingham Heart Study (FHS), the residents of the state of Massachusetts have been
followed since the late 1940s to identify occurrence of and risk factors for heart disease. This
, study identified high blood pressure, hyperlipidemia, stress, and physical inactivity as risk
factors in heart disease. This dynamic cohort now involves the grandchildren of the original
cohort. Which of the following study designs represent this study?
a. Cross-sectional
b. Prospective cohort
c. Retrospective cohort
d. Case-control
e. None of the above correct answers b. Prospective cohort
In a survey conducted to examine the prevalence of two diseases, X and Y, in a specific
population, the investigators found that the prevalence of disease X was higher than the
prevalence of disease Y. If the incidence and seasonal pattern of both diseases are similar,
which of these statements are consistent with this observation?
a. Patients die quickly from disease Y but not disease X
b. Patients die quickly from disease X but not disease Y
c. Patients recover more quickly from disease Y than from disease X
d. Patients recover more quickly from disease X than from disease Y
e. A and C only correct answers e. A and C only
Type A behavior includes all of the following except:
a. Drive
b. Hostility
c. Aggressiveness
d. Cooperation
e. Ambition correct answers d. Cooperation
During the third week of January 2006, 80 persons in Newtown out of a population of 450
attended a wedding ceremony, which included a meal prepared by several of the participants.
Within 2 days, 35 of the participant became ill with salmonellosis. Estimate the attack rate
among the participants.
a. 7.7/100
b. 43.75/100
c. 17.7/100
d. 21.2/100
e. None of the above correct answers b. 43.75/100
# of people who became ill / number of people at risk
The Human Genome Project affects which of the following:
a. Biofuels
b. Health risks
c. Bioremediation
d. Macroeconomics
e. A, b, and c only correct answers E. a, b and c only
The steps used in investigating an infectious disease outbreak include:
a. Define the problem
b. Appraise existing data
c. Formulate an hypothesis
d. Test the hypothesis
