CMT05210 INTERNAL
MEDICINE
4/15/2025 1
, • By the end of this session, students will be able to:
Describe diabetes mellitus
Classify diabetes mellitus
Describe clinical features and investigations of diabetes
mellitus
Outline management of diabetes mellitus
Describe complications of diabetes mellitus
4/15/2025 2
, Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a group of diseases
characterized by high levels of blood glucose resulting
from defects in insulin production, insulin action, or
both.
The term diabetes mellitus describes a metabolic
disorder of multiple aetiology characterized by chronic
hyperglycaemia with disturbances of carbohydrate, fat
and protein metabolism resulting from defects in insulin
secretion, insulin action, or both.
The effects of diabetes mellitus include long–term
damage, dysfunction and failure of various organs.
4/15/2025 3
, Diabetes mellitus may present with characteristic
symptoms such as thirst, polyuria, blurring of
vision, and weight loss.
In its most severe forms, ketoacidosis or a non–
ketotic hyperosmolar state may develop and lead to
stupor, coma and, in absence of effective treatment,
death.
Often symptoms are not severe, or may be absent,
and consequently hyperglycaemia sufficient to
cause pathological and functional changes may be
present for a long time before the diagnosis is made.
4/15/2025 4
MEDICINE
4/15/2025 1
, • By the end of this session, students will be able to:
Describe diabetes mellitus
Classify diabetes mellitus
Describe clinical features and investigations of diabetes
mellitus
Outline management of diabetes mellitus
Describe complications of diabetes mellitus
4/15/2025 2
, Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a group of diseases
characterized by high levels of blood glucose resulting
from defects in insulin production, insulin action, or
both.
The term diabetes mellitus describes a metabolic
disorder of multiple aetiology characterized by chronic
hyperglycaemia with disturbances of carbohydrate, fat
and protein metabolism resulting from defects in insulin
secretion, insulin action, or both.
The effects of diabetes mellitus include long–term
damage, dysfunction and failure of various organs.
4/15/2025 3
, Diabetes mellitus may present with characteristic
symptoms such as thirst, polyuria, blurring of
vision, and weight loss.
In its most severe forms, ketoacidosis or a non–
ketotic hyperosmolar state may develop and lead to
stupor, coma and, in absence of effective treatment,
death.
Often symptoms are not severe, or may be absent,
and consequently hyperglycaemia sufficient to
cause pathological and functional changes may be
present for a long time before the diagnosis is made.
4/15/2025 4
