BIO 110: Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology Study Guide 1 Questions And Answers Well Elaborated.

Define anatomy and physiology; provide examples of each study - correct answer Anatomy is the study of bodily structure. An example would be determining the structure of the heart and examining it. Physiology is the study of bodily functions. An example would be determining the function of the heart and evaluating it. Describe and explain the importance of using anatomical position. - correct answer The purpose of using anatomical positions is to have a specific standard of bodily positions to prevent confusion. Everyone referring to the same view of the body allows it so everything can be labeled accurately from the same viewpoint. Explain directional terms and body planes by using examples. - correct answer Directional Terms are used to precisely describe specific locations by dissection of the body. For Example, Medial meaning towards the midline, makes it so someone can dissect the body and state that the ears are medial to the nose. In this case, it gives specifically the location in relation to another. Body Planes are used to divide the body into sections in order to describe the location and direction of body structures. For Example, to discuss a part of the upper or lower body, a transverse plane may be referred to. Describe the levels of structural organization in the human body - correct answer Chemical, Cellular, Tissue, Organ, Organ System, and Organism Levels are the level of structural organization in the human body. The chemical level is made up of atoms and molecules. The Cellular level is made up of organelles or cells. The Tissue level is made up of multiple cells working together. The Organ level is made up of bodily organs. The Organ System level is made up of different organ systems working together for an overall purpose. The organism level is made up of a living organism. Differentiate between the building block of matter (atom) and the building block of life (cell). - correct answer A cell is a biological and an atom is a chemical unit. Cells are made up of molecules and molecules are made up of atoms. An atom is the smallest building block of matter and specific atoms can be transformed into a cell, which is the smallest building block of life. Describe the organ systems of the body and their functions. - correct answer The Integumentary System protects the body, it includes the nails, skin, and hair. The Skeletal System provides the body with support, it consists of bones or the skeleton. The Muscular System allows movement, it consists of muscles, and tendons. The Nervous System integrates nervous signals, it consists of the peripheral and central nervous systems. The Endocrine System coordinates all body activities, it consists of glands, pancreas, testes or ovaries. The Cardiovascular System delivers oxygen and nutrients to the body's tissue, it consists of the heart, veins, arteries, and capillaries. The Lymphatic System defends against infection and disease, it consists of lymph nodes, lymphatic vessels, and the spleen. The Respiratory System delivers air to sites in the lungs where gas exchange occurs between the air and blood steam, it consists of the nasal cavity, sinus, larynx, bronchi, diaphragm, pharynx, trachea, and lungs. The Digestive System processes food and absorbs nutrients, it consists of the mouth, intestines, liver, anus, etc. The Urinary System excretes waste products from blood, it consists of the kidneys, ureter, urethra, and urinary bladder. The Reproductive System produces sex cells and hormones, it consists of the uterus and different organs