FUNDAMENTALS OF NURSING N192
EXAM #1 2025 UPDATED QUESTIONS
WITH ACTUAL ANSWERS
1. A nurse is following the principles of medical asepsis when performing patient care in
a hospital setting. Which nursing action performed by the nurse follows these
recommended guidelines? - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>1. c. According to the principles
of medical asepsis, the nurse should move equipment away from the body when
brushing, scrubbing, or dusting articles to prevent contaminated particles from settling
on the hair, face, or uniform. The nurse should carry soiled items away from the body to
prevent them from touching the clothing. The nurse should not put soiled items on the
floor, as it is highly contaminated. The nurse should also clean the least soiled areas
first and then move to the more soiled ones to prevent having the cleaner areas soiled
by the dirtier areas.
2. A school nurse is performing an assessment of a student who states: "I'm too tired to
keep my head up in class." The student has a low-grade fever. The nurse would
interpret these findings as indicating which stage of infection? - CORRECT
ANSWER>>>>2. b. During the prodromal stage, the person has vague signs and
symptoms, such as fatigue and a low-grade fever. There are no obvious symptoms of
infection during the incubation period, and they are more specific during the full stage of
illness, before disappearing by the convalescent period.
3. A nurse is caring for patients in an isolation ward. In which situations would the nurse
appropriately use an alcohol-based handrub to decontaminate the hands? Select all that
apply. - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>3. a, c, d, f. It is recommended to use an alcohol-
based handrub in the following situations: before direct contact with patients; after direct
contact with patient skin; after contact with body fluids if hands are not visibly soiled;
after removing gloves; before inserting urinary catheters, peripheral vascular catheters,
or invasive devices that do not require surgical placement; before donning sterile gloves
prior to an invasive procedure; if moving from a contaminated body site to a clean body
site; and after contact with objects contaminated by the patient.
4. A nurse is performing hand hygiene after providing patient care. The nurse's hands
are not visibly soiled. Which steps in this procedure are performed correctly? Select all
that apply. - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>4. b, e, f. Proper hand hygiene includes
removing jewelry with the exception of a plain wedding band, wetting the hands and
wrist area with the hands lower than the elbows, using about one teaspoon of liquid
soap, using friction motion for at least 15 seconds, washing to one inch above the wrists
with a friction motion for at least 15 seconds, and rinsing thoroughly with water flowing
toward fingertips.
5. The nurse has opened the sterile supplies and put on two sterile gloves to complete a
sterile dressing change, a procedure that requires surgical asepsis. The nurse must: -
1
,CORRECT ANSWER>>>>5. d. Considering the outer inch of a sterile field as
contaminated is a principle of surgical asepsis. Moisture such as from splashes
contaminates the sterile field, and sneezing would contaminate the sterile gloves.
Forceps soaked in disinfectant are not considered sterile.
6. The nurse caring for patients in a hospital setting institutes CDC standard precaution
recommendations for which category of patients? - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>6. d.
Standard precautions apply to all patients receiving care in hospitals, regardless of their
diagnosis or possible infection status. These recommendations include blood; all body
fluids, secretions, and excretions except sweat; nonintact skin; and mucous
membranes.
7. In addition to standard precautions, the nurse would initiate droplet precautions for
which patients? Select all that apply. - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>7. a, b, f. Rubella,
diphtheria, and adenovirus infection are illnesses transmitted by large-particle droplets
and require droplet precautions in addition to standard precautions. Airborne
precautions are used for patients who have infections spread through the air with small
particles, for example, tuberculosis, varicella, and rubeola. Contact precautions are
used for patients who are infected or colonized by a multidrug-resistant organism
(MDRO), such as MRSA.
8. A nurse is preparing a sterile field using a packaged sterile drape for a confused
patient who is scheduled for a surgical procedure. When setting up the field, the patient
accidentally touches an instrument in the sterile field. What is the appropriate nursing
action in this situation? - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>8. c. If the patient touches a sterile
field, the nurse should discard the supplies and prepare a new sterile field. If the patient
is confused, the nurse should have someone assist by holding the patient's hand and
reinforcing what is happening.
9. A nurse who created a sterile field for a patient is adding a sterile solution to the field.
What is an appropriate action when performing this task? - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>9.
d. To add a sterile solution to a sterile field, the nurse would open the solution container
according to directions and place the cap on the table away from the field with the
edges up. The nurse would then hold the bottle outside the edge of the sterile field with
the label side facing the palm of the hand and prepare to pour from a height of 4 to 6
inches (10 to 15 cm).
10. A nurse is finished with patient care. How would the nurse remove PPE when
leaving the room? - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>10. c. If an impervious gown has been
tied in front of the body at the waist, the nurse should untie the waist strings before
removing gloves. Gloves are always removed first because they are most likely to be
contaminated, followed by the goggles, gown, and mask, and hands should be washed
thoroughly after the equipment has been removed and before leaving the room.
11. A nurse who is caring for a patient diagnosed with HIV/AIDS incurs a needlestick
injury when administering the patient's medications. What would be the priority action of
2
, the nurse following the exposure? - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>11. b. When a
needlestick injury occurs, the nurse should wash the exposed area immediately with
warm water and soap, report the incident to the appropriate person and complete an
incident injury report, consent to and await the results of blood tests, consent to
postexposure prophylaxis, and attend counseling sessions regarding safe practice to
protect self and others.
12. The nurse assesses patients to determine their risk for health care-associated
infections. Which hospitalized patient is most at risk for developing this type of
infection? - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>12. c. Indwelling urinary catheters have been
implicated in most health care-associated infections. Cigarette smoking, a normal white
blood cell count, and a vegetarian diet have not been implicated as risk factors for HAIs.
13. A nurse is caring for an obese 62-year-old patient with arthritis who has developed
an open reddened area over his sacrum. What is a priority nursing diagnosis for this
patient? - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>13. d. The priority diagnosis in this situation is the
possibility of an infection developing in the open skin area. The others may be potential
or probable diagnoses for this patient and may also require nursing interventions after
the first diagnosis is addressed.
14. A nurse teaches a patient at home to use clean technique when changing a wound
dressing. This practice is considered: - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>14. b. In the home
setting, where the patient's environment is more controlled, medical asepsis is usually
recommended, with the exception of self-injection. This is the appropriate procedure for
the home and is neither unethical nor grossly negligent.
15. A nurse is using personal protective equipment (PPE) when bathing a patient
diagnosed with C. difficile infection. Which nursing action related to this activity
promotes safe, effective patient care? - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>15. b. When using
PPE, the nurse should work from "clean" areas to "dirty" ones, put on PPE before
entering the patient room, always use goggles instead of personal glasses, and remove
PPE in the doorway or anteroom.
1. A nurse is scheduling hygiene for patients on her unit. What is the most important
consideration when planning a patient's personal hygiene? - CORRECT
ANSWER>>>>. b. Bathing practices and cleansing habits and rituals vary widely. The
patient's preferences should always be taken into consideration, unless there is a clear
threat to health. The patient and nurse should work together to come to a mutually
agreeable time and method to accomplish the patient's personal hygiene. The
availability of staff to assist may be important, but the patient's preferences are a higher
priority..
2. A nurse caring for patients in a critical care unit knows that providing good oral
hygiene is an essential part of nursing care. What are some of the benefits of providing
this care? Select all that apply. - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>2. a, b, c. Adequate oral
hygiene is essential for promoting the patient's sense of well-being and preventing
3
EXAM #1 2025 UPDATED QUESTIONS
WITH ACTUAL ANSWERS
1. A nurse is following the principles of medical asepsis when performing patient care in
a hospital setting. Which nursing action performed by the nurse follows these
recommended guidelines? - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>1. c. According to the principles
of medical asepsis, the nurse should move equipment away from the body when
brushing, scrubbing, or dusting articles to prevent contaminated particles from settling
on the hair, face, or uniform. The nurse should carry soiled items away from the body to
prevent them from touching the clothing. The nurse should not put soiled items on the
floor, as it is highly contaminated. The nurse should also clean the least soiled areas
first and then move to the more soiled ones to prevent having the cleaner areas soiled
by the dirtier areas.
2. A school nurse is performing an assessment of a student who states: "I'm too tired to
keep my head up in class." The student has a low-grade fever. The nurse would
interpret these findings as indicating which stage of infection? - CORRECT
ANSWER>>>>2. b. During the prodromal stage, the person has vague signs and
symptoms, such as fatigue and a low-grade fever. There are no obvious symptoms of
infection during the incubation period, and they are more specific during the full stage of
illness, before disappearing by the convalescent period.
3. A nurse is caring for patients in an isolation ward. In which situations would the nurse
appropriately use an alcohol-based handrub to decontaminate the hands? Select all that
apply. - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>3. a, c, d, f. It is recommended to use an alcohol-
based handrub in the following situations: before direct contact with patients; after direct
contact with patient skin; after contact with body fluids if hands are not visibly soiled;
after removing gloves; before inserting urinary catheters, peripheral vascular catheters,
or invasive devices that do not require surgical placement; before donning sterile gloves
prior to an invasive procedure; if moving from a contaminated body site to a clean body
site; and after contact with objects contaminated by the patient.
4. A nurse is performing hand hygiene after providing patient care. The nurse's hands
are not visibly soiled. Which steps in this procedure are performed correctly? Select all
that apply. - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>4. b, e, f. Proper hand hygiene includes
removing jewelry with the exception of a plain wedding band, wetting the hands and
wrist area with the hands lower than the elbows, using about one teaspoon of liquid
soap, using friction motion for at least 15 seconds, washing to one inch above the wrists
with a friction motion for at least 15 seconds, and rinsing thoroughly with water flowing
toward fingertips.
5. The nurse has opened the sterile supplies and put on two sterile gloves to complete a
sterile dressing change, a procedure that requires surgical asepsis. The nurse must: -
1
,CORRECT ANSWER>>>>5. d. Considering the outer inch of a sterile field as
contaminated is a principle of surgical asepsis. Moisture such as from splashes
contaminates the sterile field, and sneezing would contaminate the sterile gloves.
Forceps soaked in disinfectant are not considered sterile.
6. The nurse caring for patients in a hospital setting institutes CDC standard precaution
recommendations for which category of patients? - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>6. d.
Standard precautions apply to all patients receiving care in hospitals, regardless of their
diagnosis or possible infection status. These recommendations include blood; all body
fluids, secretions, and excretions except sweat; nonintact skin; and mucous
membranes.
7. In addition to standard precautions, the nurse would initiate droplet precautions for
which patients? Select all that apply. - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>7. a, b, f. Rubella,
diphtheria, and adenovirus infection are illnesses transmitted by large-particle droplets
and require droplet precautions in addition to standard precautions. Airborne
precautions are used for patients who have infections spread through the air with small
particles, for example, tuberculosis, varicella, and rubeola. Contact precautions are
used for patients who are infected or colonized by a multidrug-resistant organism
(MDRO), such as MRSA.
8. A nurse is preparing a sterile field using a packaged sterile drape for a confused
patient who is scheduled for a surgical procedure. When setting up the field, the patient
accidentally touches an instrument in the sterile field. What is the appropriate nursing
action in this situation? - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>8. c. If the patient touches a sterile
field, the nurse should discard the supplies and prepare a new sterile field. If the patient
is confused, the nurse should have someone assist by holding the patient's hand and
reinforcing what is happening.
9. A nurse who created a sterile field for a patient is adding a sterile solution to the field.
What is an appropriate action when performing this task? - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>9.
d. To add a sterile solution to a sterile field, the nurse would open the solution container
according to directions and place the cap on the table away from the field with the
edges up. The nurse would then hold the bottle outside the edge of the sterile field with
the label side facing the palm of the hand and prepare to pour from a height of 4 to 6
inches (10 to 15 cm).
10. A nurse is finished with patient care. How would the nurse remove PPE when
leaving the room? - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>10. c. If an impervious gown has been
tied in front of the body at the waist, the nurse should untie the waist strings before
removing gloves. Gloves are always removed first because they are most likely to be
contaminated, followed by the goggles, gown, and mask, and hands should be washed
thoroughly after the equipment has been removed and before leaving the room.
11. A nurse who is caring for a patient diagnosed with HIV/AIDS incurs a needlestick
injury when administering the patient's medications. What would be the priority action of
2
, the nurse following the exposure? - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>11. b. When a
needlestick injury occurs, the nurse should wash the exposed area immediately with
warm water and soap, report the incident to the appropriate person and complete an
incident injury report, consent to and await the results of blood tests, consent to
postexposure prophylaxis, and attend counseling sessions regarding safe practice to
protect self and others.
12. The nurse assesses patients to determine their risk for health care-associated
infections. Which hospitalized patient is most at risk for developing this type of
infection? - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>12. c. Indwelling urinary catheters have been
implicated in most health care-associated infections. Cigarette smoking, a normal white
blood cell count, and a vegetarian diet have not been implicated as risk factors for HAIs.
13. A nurse is caring for an obese 62-year-old patient with arthritis who has developed
an open reddened area over his sacrum. What is a priority nursing diagnosis for this
patient? - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>13. d. The priority diagnosis in this situation is the
possibility of an infection developing in the open skin area. The others may be potential
or probable diagnoses for this patient and may also require nursing interventions after
the first diagnosis is addressed.
14. A nurse teaches a patient at home to use clean technique when changing a wound
dressing. This practice is considered: - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>14. b. In the home
setting, where the patient's environment is more controlled, medical asepsis is usually
recommended, with the exception of self-injection. This is the appropriate procedure for
the home and is neither unethical nor grossly negligent.
15. A nurse is using personal protective equipment (PPE) when bathing a patient
diagnosed with C. difficile infection. Which nursing action related to this activity
promotes safe, effective patient care? - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>15. b. When using
PPE, the nurse should work from "clean" areas to "dirty" ones, put on PPE before
entering the patient room, always use goggles instead of personal glasses, and remove
PPE in the doorway or anteroom.
1. A nurse is scheduling hygiene for patients on her unit. What is the most important
consideration when planning a patient's personal hygiene? - CORRECT
ANSWER>>>>. b. Bathing practices and cleansing habits and rituals vary widely. The
patient's preferences should always be taken into consideration, unless there is a clear
threat to health. The patient and nurse should work together to come to a mutually
agreeable time and method to accomplish the patient's personal hygiene. The
availability of staff to assist may be important, but the patient's preferences are a higher
priority..
2. A nurse caring for patients in a critical care unit knows that providing good oral
hygiene is an essential part of nursing care. What are some of the benefits of providing
this care? Select all that apply. - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>2. a, b, c. Adequate oral
hygiene is essential for promoting the patient's sense of well-being and preventing
3
