4/14/25, 9:05 NREMT Exam |
PM
NREMT EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED LATEST UPDATE
35 studiers today 4.3 (40 reviews)
Save
Terms in this set (295)
-the type of shock caused by inadequate function of the heart. This
develops when the heart cannot maintain sufficient output to meet the
cardiogenic shock demands of the body
-caused by any disease or event which prevents heart pumping
-can occur directly after AMI up to 24 hours
The type of shock that results when conditions that cause mechanical obstruction
Obstructive shock of the cardiac muscle also impact pump function
ex. cardiac tamponade, tension pneumothorax
Beck's triad Signs of a cardiac tamponade. JVD, narrowing BP pressures, muffled heart sounds
The type of shock when there is widespread dilation of the small arterioles,
Distributive shock venules, or both. Blood pools in the expanded vascular beds and tissue perfusion
decreases
Septic shock caused by severe infections; neurogenic shock caused by damage
Types of distributive shock to the spinal cord (bradycardia, low BP, warm skin); anaphylactic shock caused
by allergic reaction; psychogenic shock
The type of shock that results from an inadequate amount of fluid or volume in
Hypovolemic shock the system
-15% of blood volume
Keep the patient warm, control bleeding, put the patient in a position of comfort,
How do you treat for shock?
and administer high-flow oxygen
-without enough oxygen, cardiac arrest or brain damage occurs within about 4
minutes
brain damage without oxygen
-permanent brain damage within 6 minutes
-death likely within 10 minutes
1/
7
, 4/14/25, 9:05 NREMT Exam |
PM
-signs of blockage include inability to cough or speak or inability to ventilate
patient
-bending patient forward at the waist, support chest with one hand, use heel of
hand to give 5 back blows between shoulder blades
FBAO -then 5 abdominal thrusts
-alternate between the two until object is dislodged
-if patient loses consciousness, give CPR starting with chest compressions
-given even if patient has a pulse, so don't check
-before giving breaths, look inside mouth for any visible objects
-using thigh for support, lay facing down along forearm; ensure head is lower
than the body
-give 5 firm back blows between blades
FBAO in children
-5 chest thrusts; place 2 to 3 fingers in the middle of the chest just below the
nipples. push down 1.5 inches.
-alternate, unless lose consciousness, then CPR
-mouth to mouth performed when patient does not have adequate breathing and
artificial ventilation not available
-open airway
mouse to mouth/mouth to nose -place barrier device
-pinch nose and form seal around patient's mouth
-check for FBAO if you do not see chest rise and fall
-give 1 breath every 5 to 6 seconds for adults and 1 every 3 for peds
Determine unresponsiveness. Check for breathing for up to 10 seconds. Check
carotid pulse for up to 10 seconds. Begin CPR until AED is available. Give
30 compressions at 100 beats/min and then 2 breaths over the course of 1
second. Once an advanced airway is inserted, ventilate at a rate of 8-10
Steps of CPR breaths/min and do not stop compressions.
This is exactly the same for children, except two-rescuer CPR is 15:2. If patient
experiences a return of spontaneous circulation, ventilate at a rate of 10-12
breaths/min.
under 8 years old:
-2 provider: 15:2
-1 provider: 30:2
-one third of chest diameter
compression to breath ratios
older:
-30:2 always
-2 inches
-if cardiac arrest was not seen by EMS, give 5 cycles of 30:2 before defibrillating
-if cardiac arrest was seen, one EMT begins compressions and the other applies
AED
AED procedure
-if only one EMT available, apply AED immediately
-check for pulse 2 minutes after defib
-if no shockable rhythm, wait 2 minutes and re-analyze
If patient has adequate breathing and is uninjured. To maintain a patent airway in
When to place left lateral
an unresponsive patient.
If the breath doesn't go in successfully, reposition the patient and try again. If
there is still nothing, assume there is a foreign body obstruction and begin CPR
What to do if you fail to ventilate
on an unresponsive apneic patient. Continue to attempt ventilations and open the
mouth and look in every time.
-dyspnea, pleuritic chest pain that worsens during inspiration and expiration,
Pneumothorax signs absent or decreased breath sounds
-rupture of visceral lining
2/
7
PM
NREMT EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED LATEST UPDATE
35 studiers today 4.3 (40 reviews)
Save
Terms in this set (295)
-the type of shock caused by inadequate function of the heart. This
develops when the heart cannot maintain sufficient output to meet the
cardiogenic shock demands of the body
-caused by any disease or event which prevents heart pumping
-can occur directly after AMI up to 24 hours
The type of shock that results when conditions that cause mechanical obstruction
Obstructive shock of the cardiac muscle also impact pump function
ex. cardiac tamponade, tension pneumothorax
Beck's triad Signs of a cardiac tamponade. JVD, narrowing BP pressures, muffled heart sounds
The type of shock when there is widespread dilation of the small arterioles,
Distributive shock venules, or both. Blood pools in the expanded vascular beds and tissue perfusion
decreases
Septic shock caused by severe infections; neurogenic shock caused by damage
Types of distributive shock to the spinal cord (bradycardia, low BP, warm skin); anaphylactic shock caused
by allergic reaction; psychogenic shock
The type of shock that results from an inadequate amount of fluid or volume in
Hypovolemic shock the system
-15% of blood volume
Keep the patient warm, control bleeding, put the patient in a position of comfort,
How do you treat for shock?
and administer high-flow oxygen
-without enough oxygen, cardiac arrest or brain damage occurs within about 4
minutes
brain damage without oxygen
-permanent brain damage within 6 minutes
-death likely within 10 minutes
1/
7
, 4/14/25, 9:05 NREMT Exam |
PM
-signs of blockage include inability to cough or speak or inability to ventilate
patient
-bending patient forward at the waist, support chest with one hand, use heel of
hand to give 5 back blows between shoulder blades
FBAO -then 5 abdominal thrusts
-alternate between the two until object is dislodged
-if patient loses consciousness, give CPR starting with chest compressions
-given even if patient has a pulse, so don't check
-before giving breaths, look inside mouth for any visible objects
-using thigh for support, lay facing down along forearm; ensure head is lower
than the body
-give 5 firm back blows between blades
FBAO in children
-5 chest thrusts; place 2 to 3 fingers in the middle of the chest just below the
nipples. push down 1.5 inches.
-alternate, unless lose consciousness, then CPR
-mouth to mouth performed when patient does not have adequate breathing and
artificial ventilation not available
-open airway
mouse to mouth/mouth to nose -place barrier device
-pinch nose and form seal around patient's mouth
-check for FBAO if you do not see chest rise and fall
-give 1 breath every 5 to 6 seconds for adults and 1 every 3 for peds
Determine unresponsiveness. Check for breathing for up to 10 seconds. Check
carotid pulse for up to 10 seconds. Begin CPR until AED is available. Give
30 compressions at 100 beats/min and then 2 breaths over the course of 1
second. Once an advanced airway is inserted, ventilate at a rate of 8-10
Steps of CPR breaths/min and do not stop compressions.
This is exactly the same for children, except two-rescuer CPR is 15:2. If patient
experiences a return of spontaneous circulation, ventilate at a rate of 10-12
breaths/min.
under 8 years old:
-2 provider: 15:2
-1 provider: 30:2
-one third of chest diameter
compression to breath ratios
older:
-30:2 always
-2 inches
-if cardiac arrest was not seen by EMS, give 5 cycles of 30:2 before defibrillating
-if cardiac arrest was seen, one EMT begins compressions and the other applies
AED
AED procedure
-if only one EMT available, apply AED immediately
-check for pulse 2 minutes after defib
-if no shockable rhythm, wait 2 minutes and re-analyze
If patient has adequate breathing and is uninjured. To maintain a patent airway in
When to place left lateral
an unresponsive patient.
If the breath doesn't go in successfully, reposition the patient and try again. If
there is still nothing, assume there is a foreign body obstruction and begin CPR
What to do if you fail to ventilate
on an unresponsive apneic patient. Continue to attempt ventilations and open the
mouth and look in every time.
-dyspnea, pleuritic chest pain that worsens during inspiration and expiration,
Pneumothorax signs absent or decreased breath sounds
-rupture of visceral lining
2/
7
