Compilation of
Daily Class Notes
Geography
, List of Lectures
0. Introduction
1. Interior of Earth
2. Interior of Earth (Part 02)
3. Volcanism
4. Volcanism (Part 02)
5. Volcanic Landforms
6. Distribution of Oceans and Continents
7. Seafloor Spreading Theory
8. Plate Tectonic Theory
9. Rocks
10. Rocks (Part 02)
11. Rocks (Part 03)
12. Composition of Atmosphere, Structure of Atmosphere
13. Composition and Structure of Atmosphere (Part 02)
14. Composition and Structure of Atmosphere (Part 03)
15. Composition and Structure of Atmosphere (Part 04)
16. Pressure Belt of the World
17. Pressure Belts and Winds (Part 02)
18. Humidity and Clouds
19. Humidity and Clouds (Part 02)
20. Humidity and Clouds (Part 03)
PW Web/App: https://smart.link/7wwosivoicgd4
, Lecture 0: Introduction
What is Geography?
● Etymology: The word has been derived from two roots from the Greek language “Geo”
means Earth and “Graphos” means study. Hence Geography is the study of earth.
● Major Prospects: Two major prospects make earth what it is, different from other other
planets
○ Physical features like landforms that include mountains, plateau (a flat, elevated
landform that rises sharply above the surrounding area on at least one side.), deserts,
etc.
○ Existence of humans on earth. The scope of geography extends where there is an
interaction between humans and the environment.
■ In other words, geography talks about the interrelation of man and
environment.
Fig: Some common physical features
● Humans and Environment Impacting One Another:
○ Human activities significantly influence the environment.
■ For example, when religious tourism transitions into recreational tourism, it
often results in excessive construction, which, in turn, can trigger landslides.
This can be seen in the case of Kedarnath.
■ For example, People living near the sea are often involved in fishing.
○ Physical features in turn also impact humans (and their culture, food, economy, etc).
PW Web/App: https://smart.link/7wwosivoicgd4
, ■ For example, In Rajasthan, 60 percent of its land is desert, and one colour
dominates the state: the colour of sand. As a result, Rajasthan’s culture—its
food, clothing, festivals, and more—is colourful and vibrant. This is why the
state is often referred to as “Rangeela Rajasthan” or “Colourful Rajasthan.”.
Peninsula vs Island
● A peninsula is a piece of land that is almost entirely surrounded by water but is
connected to the mainland on one side. In other words, it is surrounded by water from
three sides. Example, India
● An island is an area of land that is surrounded by water. Example, Australia.
Ocean vs Sea
● Ocean is an umbrella term which can also constitute seas, bay, gulf. Example, the
Indian Ocean.
● Seas are smaller than oceans and are usually located where the land and ocean meet.
Fig: World Map with seven continents and five oceans
Solar System
● Meaning: Solar means sun. Solar system means a system that revolves around the sun.
○ A solar system comprises sun, planets and satellites (like the moon).
● Sun: Primary source of energy is the sun. It is a star and has its own light.
● Nuclear Fusion: Fusion occurs when two atoms slam together to form a heavier atom, like
when two hydrogen atoms fuse to form one helium atom. This is the same process that
powers the sun and creates huge amounts of energy.
PW Web/App: https://smart.link/7wwosivoicgd4
Daily Class Notes
Geography
, List of Lectures
0. Introduction
1. Interior of Earth
2. Interior of Earth (Part 02)
3. Volcanism
4. Volcanism (Part 02)
5. Volcanic Landforms
6. Distribution of Oceans and Continents
7. Seafloor Spreading Theory
8. Plate Tectonic Theory
9. Rocks
10. Rocks (Part 02)
11. Rocks (Part 03)
12. Composition of Atmosphere, Structure of Atmosphere
13. Composition and Structure of Atmosphere (Part 02)
14. Composition and Structure of Atmosphere (Part 03)
15. Composition and Structure of Atmosphere (Part 04)
16. Pressure Belt of the World
17. Pressure Belts and Winds (Part 02)
18. Humidity and Clouds
19. Humidity and Clouds (Part 02)
20. Humidity and Clouds (Part 03)
PW Web/App: https://smart.link/7wwosivoicgd4
, Lecture 0: Introduction
What is Geography?
● Etymology: The word has been derived from two roots from the Greek language “Geo”
means Earth and “Graphos” means study. Hence Geography is the study of earth.
● Major Prospects: Two major prospects make earth what it is, different from other other
planets
○ Physical features like landforms that include mountains, plateau (a flat, elevated
landform that rises sharply above the surrounding area on at least one side.), deserts,
etc.
○ Existence of humans on earth. The scope of geography extends where there is an
interaction between humans and the environment.
■ In other words, geography talks about the interrelation of man and
environment.
Fig: Some common physical features
● Humans and Environment Impacting One Another:
○ Human activities significantly influence the environment.
■ For example, when religious tourism transitions into recreational tourism, it
often results in excessive construction, which, in turn, can trigger landslides.
This can be seen in the case of Kedarnath.
■ For example, People living near the sea are often involved in fishing.
○ Physical features in turn also impact humans (and their culture, food, economy, etc).
PW Web/App: https://smart.link/7wwosivoicgd4
, ■ For example, In Rajasthan, 60 percent of its land is desert, and one colour
dominates the state: the colour of sand. As a result, Rajasthan’s culture—its
food, clothing, festivals, and more—is colourful and vibrant. This is why the
state is often referred to as “Rangeela Rajasthan” or “Colourful Rajasthan.”.
Peninsula vs Island
● A peninsula is a piece of land that is almost entirely surrounded by water but is
connected to the mainland on one side. In other words, it is surrounded by water from
three sides. Example, India
● An island is an area of land that is surrounded by water. Example, Australia.
Ocean vs Sea
● Ocean is an umbrella term which can also constitute seas, bay, gulf. Example, the
Indian Ocean.
● Seas are smaller than oceans and are usually located where the land and ocean meet.
Fig: World Map with seven continents and five oceans
Solar System
● Meaning: Solar means sun. Solar system means a system that revolves around the sun.
○ A solar system comprises sun, planets and satellites (like the moon).
● Sun: Primary source of energy is the sun. It is a star and has its own light.
● Nuclear Fusion: Fusion occurs when two atoms slam together to form a heavier atom, like
when two hydrogen atoms fuse to form one helium atom. This is the same process that
powers the sun and creates huge amounts of energy.
PW Web/App: https://smart.link/7wwosivoicgd4
