PSYCH 405 Final Exam | Questions and Answers (Complete Solutions)

PSYCH 405 Final Exam | Questions and Answers (Complete Solutions) Conventional antipsychotic drugs are referred to as _____ drugs because of their undesirable movement-related side effects. dangerous controlled neuroleptic neuropsychotic After evaluating a patient, you determine that she does not require hospitalization but would benefit from daily supervision and therapy. You also believe she would benefit from training on social skills. Which type of community care would BEST meet the needs of this patient? day hospital halfway house sheltered workshop aftercare The use of antipsychotic medication dates back to the 1940s, when _____ drugs were used to calm patients about to undergo surgery. beta blocking antihistamine anticholinergenic opioid The _____ requires that people with mental disorders receive treatment in their communities rather than being transported to institutions far from home. Civil Rights Act Mental Health Insurance Parity Act Community Mental Health Act Deinstitutionalization Act of 1963 The first mental asylum was founded in: Egypt. Greece. England. France. Which positive symptom of schizophrenia is most quickly reduced by taking antipsychotic medications? flat affect poverty of speech loss of volition hallucinations Which statement is supported by multiple research studies? Antipsychotic drugs reduce symptoms in the majority of patients with schizophrenia. Drugs are not as effective as milieu therapy in reducing symptoms in patients with schizophrenia. Electroconvulsive therapy is more effective than drugs in treating schizophrenia. Milieu therapy and token economies are more effective than drugs in treating schizophrenia. Jude is taking an antipsychotic medication and has developed muscle rigidity, fever, altered consciousness, and improper functioning of the autonomic nervous system. What condition is developing? Neuroleptic malignant syndrome Tardive dyskinesia Neurogenesis imperfecta Huntington's chorea Which receives the LEAST amount of federal and state funds? social security disability income state hospitals community treatment programs for people with severe mental disorders services for people with mental disorders who live in nursing homes and general hospitals The Parkinsonian and related symptoms that may be a side effect of taking antipsychotic medications seem to be related to the reduction of _____ activity in the brain. serotonin GABA dopamine norepinephrine A therapist is treating an individual with schizophrenia; the therapist focuses on teaching the person appropriate responses to others' social cues. This therapist is MOST likely a(n): existential therapist. psychodynamic therapist. cognitive-behavioral therapist. sociocultural therapist. Which statement BEST reflects the findings of twin studies evaluating genetic factors associated with schizophrenia? If one twin has schizophrenia, the other twin—if male—has a significantly increased risk of developing schizophrenia. Identical twins are almost five times as likely to develop schizophrenia as are fraternal twins. If one twin has schizophrenia, there is a significantly increased risk of schizophrenia developing in the other twin, for both identical and fraternal twins. If one twin has schizophrenia, there is an increased risk of schizophrenia developing in the other twin, with a substantially higher risk for identical twins. Which statement is true of the prevalence of schizophrenia in men and women? Men are usually diagnosed with schizophrenia before the age of 15, whereas women are usually diagnosed after the age of 30. Men are diagnosed with schizophrenia far more often than are women. Equal numbers of men and women receive a diagnosis of schizophrenia. Women tend to have much higher rates of schizophrenia, which is theoretically related to the higher levels of estrogen in their blood. The concept of the schizophrenogenic mother, which suggests that schizophrenia is caused by cold, domineering, and uninterested mothers, was suggested by: Sigmund Freud. Frieda Fromm-Reichmann. Aaron Beck. Eugen Bleuler. Andrea Yates suffered from _____ psychosis. temporary prodromal anxiety postpartum Individuals with schizophrenia sometimes make up words that have meaning only for themselves. These words are called: ideations. grandeur. paranoia. neologisms. Which disorder is associated with the presence of schizophrenia symptoms that last less than one month? psychotic disorder due to a general medical condition substance-induced psychotic disorder schizophreniform disorder brief psychotic disorder The psychomotor symptoms for schizophrenia may take certain extreme forms, collectively called: hebephrenia. catatonia. alogia. progromia. Delusions of _____ are the most common type of delusions in schizophrenia. persecution paranoia grandeur reference Which symptom is NOT associated with schizophrenia? having an increased energy level talking but not conveying anything withdrawing from others having a blunted affect Which is NOT a category of schizophrenia symptoms? positive negative psychomotor neuromotor A therapist is treating an individual with schizophrenia. The therapist asks the client various questions to determine the level of expressed emotion at home. This therapist is MOST likely a(n): existential therapist. psychodynamic therapist. cognitive-behavioral therapist. sociocultural therapist. Sigmund Freud believed that schizophrenia could result from: cold and unnuturing parents. learned helplessness. biochemical imbalances. misinterpretation of unusual sensations. _____ hallucinations are by far the most common type in schizophrenia. Olfactory Paranoid Visual Auditory In the middle of a conversation with your friend about ice hockey, she says, "It's so cold during hockey season. All the movement—gliding and flying high in various patterns. Animals have their own approach, but not in the streets. Smells of blue are everywhere!" Which formal thought disorder does this represent? Clang Neologisms Loose associations Perseveration Elise has schizophrenia and has been exceptionally quiet for the past few days. Even when directly spoken to, she gives only very short answers or sometimes refuses to speak at all. Which symptom of schizophrenia is Elise displaying? delusions of grandeur alogia avolition derailment _____ are perceptions that occur in the absence of external stimuli. Neologisms Derailments Delusions Hallucinations A therapist is evaluating a person who experienced catatonia, disorganized speech, restricted affect, avolition, and social withdrawal for the past two months. This has led to impairment in the person's personal life and at work. Does this patient meet the diagnostic criteria for schizophrenia? No, the person must also experience delusions or hallucinations. No, the person must experience symptoms for at least six months or more. No, the presence of restricted affect and avolution suggest a diagnosis of dissociative identity disorder. Yes, the person meets the diagnostic criteria. Researchers have found more blood flow in _____ of the brain in patients experiencing auditory hallucinations. Broca's area Wernicke's area the hippocampus the hypothalamus A loss of contact with reality is called a: delusion. hallucination. psychosis. flat affect. Circumstantial evidence for the _____ theory comes from the unusually large number of people with schizophrenia born during the winter. prenatal diathesis-stress viral family pedigree Approximately one of every _____ people in the world suffers from schizophrenia during his or her lifetime. The term schizophrenia is a combination of the Greek words that mean "_____ mind." split void absent wrong Which disorder is characterized by marked symptoms of both schizophrenia and a mood disorder? schizoaffective disorder schizophreniform disorder brief psychotic disorder shared psychotic disorder Individuals who are trying to recover from schizophrenia are almost four times more likely to relapse if they live with a family that has high levels of: conflict. serotonin. expressed emotion. depression. The DSM-5 requires that continuous signs of schizophrenia be present for at least _____ month(s) for a diagnosis of schizophrenia to be warranted. one three four six Inappropriate affect, the experiencing of emotions that are unsuited to a situation, is classified as a(n) _____ symptom of schizophrenia. neurological negative avolitional positive People with _____ believe their feelings, thoughts, and actions are being controlled by other people. perseveration delusions of reference delusions of control derailment The group of antihistamine drugs that became the first group of effective antipsychotic medications was called: phenothiazines. anti-inflammatories. beta blockers. benzodiazepines. Many people who are recovering from schizophrenia and other severe mental disorders receive occupational training in a(n) _____ workshop, which is a supervised workplace for individuals who are not ready to work independently in competitive or complicated jobs. assisted sheltered halfway probationary Antipsychotic drugs reduce psychotic symptoms, at least in part, because they block excessive activity of neurotransmitters at the brain's _____ receptors. dopamine D-2 GABA dopamine D-4 serotonin Generally speaking, persons with schizophrenia who feel _____ toward their relatives do better in treatment. dependent apathetic detached positively In most cases, antipsychotic drugs produce the maximum level of improvement within the first _____ of treatment. month week six months nine months The move toward institutionalization of the mentally ill in hospitals rather than asylums began in: Belgium. the United States. France. Germany. Who received the Nobel Prize for research that led to the development of the lobotomy procedure? Walter Freeman Egas Moniz Phillipe Pinel Elliot Valenstein A patient is taking an antipsychotic medication to treat schizophrenia. Which is NOT a known side effect of this drug? Parkinsonian-type symptoms Huntington's-type symptoms neuroleptic malignant syndrome tardive dyskinesia The milieu therapy approach to treating schizophrenia is based on _____ principles. sociocultural psychodynamic cognitive-behavioral humanistic Your patient is taking a first-generation antipsychotic medication to treat her schizophrenia but she is showing little improvement. What is an appropriate next step? Continue the medication but immediately start social therapy. Gradually increase the dosage until symptoms improve. Consider adding a second drug to create a synergistic effect. Switch to a different antipsychotic drug and simultaneously start the patient on a second additive drug. A growing number of community therapists have become _____ for people with schizophrenia and other severe mental disorders. social workers court advocates case managers psychologists Token economy programs relied on the systematic application of _____ techniques. operant conditioning classical conditioning social modeling cognitive restructuring Which is NOT mentioned as being a useful form of psychotherapy for people suffering from schizophrenia? insight therapy cognitive-behavioral therapy family therapy social therapy Most people with schizophrenia who live in poorly supervised or unsupervised settings survive on: family support. community support. support from religious institutions. government disability payments. Today, psychosurgery is used only in severe cases of: schizophrenia. bipolar disorder. delusional disorder. obsessive-compulsive disorder and depression. Hospitalized patients with schizophrenia are awarded points when they behave in a desired manner. Poor or unacceptable behavior is ignored. This reflects which approach to treatment? sheltered workshop social therapy milieu therapy token economy In one study of patients who had been receiving antipsychotic medication for at least five years, _____ percent of them relapsed within a year when they were switched to a placebo. Of all people with schizophrenia and other severe mental disorders, _____ percent do not receive any form of treatment. 2 to 5 10 to 20 25 to 35 40 to 60 How many people typically reside in a halfway house? between 12 and 24 between 4 and 6 1 person at a time anywhere between 25 and 50 Which criticism has NOT been made about token economy programs in the treatment of the mentally ill? The programs raise legal and ethical concerns. The quality of the improvement is questioned. There is no evidence of improvement as a result of these programs. Some of the studies used to laud the effectiveness of these programs were uncontrolled. People who take _____ undergo periodic drug testing to monitor for agranulocytosis. haloperidol clozapine fluphenazine loxapine What is an accurate statement about child sexual abuse? It is more common among lower socioeconomic classes. Girls and boys are sexually abused at approximately the same rate. Child sexual abuse appears to be equally common across all socioeconomic classes, races, and ethnic groups. Child sexual abuse occurs only inside the home by a family member. Surveys throughout the world have repeatedly revealed that _____ ranks as a major problem in the minds of young people, often even more seriously than racism or AIDS. failing school classes being bullied being pressured by peers to use drugs or alcohol looking differently from others _____ is associated with the theory that autism spectrum disorder is caused by parents' personality characteristics. Carl Jung Sigmund Freud Leo Kanner Albert Bandura Which is a true statement regarding the childhood disorders covered in this chapter? They are more prevalent in boys than in girls. They are all easily identified before the age of 5 years. They are all directly connected to poor parenting skills. They are all resistant to treatment, with very poor prognosis for recovery by adulthood. What percentage of children and adolescents in North America have a diagnosable psychological disorder? one-half one-fifth one-third one-sixth Based on current research, which treatment approach would you recommend for treating someone with autism spectrum disorder? psychodynamic therapy cognitive-behavioral therapy drug treatment institutionalization Repeated involuntary defecating into one's clothing is known as: enuresis. encopresis. Crohn's disease. pediatric elimination disorder. The most common metabolic disorder to cause intellectual disability is: Tay-Sachs disease. sickle cell disease. phenylketonuria (PKU). Reyes Syndrome. Repeated involuntary bedwetting or wetting of one's clothes is known as: encopresis. conduct disorder. paresis. enuresis. Winnie, who has an intellectual disability, goes to school with other children her age. Most of the children in her class do not have a disability. This is referred to as: mainstreaming. normalization. institutionalization. special education. Which abnormal chromosomal situation is a cause of Down syndrome? phenylalanine mosaicism fragile X syndrome translocation Children who suffer some form of abuse are most likely to be abused by a: stranger. sibling. parent. teacher. Which is NOT a method used for teaching children with autism spectrum disorder to communicate? augmentative communication systems sign language simultaneous communication psychotherapy Symptoms associated with autism spectrum disorder typically appear before the age of: 8. 5. 6. 3. Kris has recently been diagnosed with ADHD. Based on current treatment practices, which two treatment modalities are MOST likely to be applied? drug therapy and psychodynamic therapy drug therapy and family therapy family therapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy drug therapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy When children reach school age, therapists often use a family intervention called parent management training to help treat: conduct disorder. autism spectrum disorder. ADHD. encopresis. According to a large body of research with diverse populations, how many supertraits, or factors, may describe the basic structure of personality? 3 5 10 16 What is the primary reason that people with schizoid personality disorder avoid social contact? paranoid feelings distrust of others fear of rejection preference to be alone Personality disorders typically become recognizable in: early childhood. middle childhood. middle age. adolescence or early adulthood. The diagnostic features of which personality disorder bear the greatest similarity to people who are diagnosed with social anxiety disorder (social phobia)? avoidant schizoid narcissistic passive-aggressive Amanda is talking with her friends. One of her friends says she is disappointed about not being selected for a team sport. Amanda responds, "The coach told me I was his top pick. He said I would be his top pick in any sport because I'm just naturally athletic. I'm confident I'll play pro one day, probably be one of the youngest pro players in history." This example is characteristic of someone with _____ personality disorder. antisocial histrionic narcissistic paranoid People with _____ personality disorder are sometimes described as psychopaths or sociopaths. borderline obsessive-compulsive antisocial narcissistic A personality disorder characterized by a pattern of clinging and obedience, fear of separation, and ongoing need to be taken care of is _____ personality disorder. histrionic narcissistic dependent avoidant Psychodynamic therapists believe that people with histrionic personality disorder are trying to defend against a deep-seated fear of: being alone. becoming penniless. loss. mistrust. Which is NOT a personality tendency that would be included in the newly proposed diagnosis that is called personality disorder trait specified (PDTS)? manipulativeness attention seeking hostility sexual promiscuity Emmett experiences ideas of reference and bodily illusions. MOST likely, Emmett has _____ personality disorder. avoidant schizotypal