NURS 6551 Midterm j j
NURS 6551 Midterm Study Guide updated
j j j j j
2020(Works100%)
•
• ThejUSPSTFj(2014a)jassignsjaj“B”jrecommendationjtojscreeningjalljadultsjagej
18jandolderj(includingjpregnantjwomen)jforjalcoholjmisuse;jscreeningjadoles
centsjyoungerjthanjagej18jhasjbeenjassignedjanj“Ijstatement”.
• Mostjofjalljrecentjresearchjregardingjeffectsjofjalcoholjhasjbeenjconductedjonjmales
• Smallerjamountsjofjalcoholjisjassociatedjwithjmorejseverejdamagejtojajwomen
• Alcoholjconsumptionjisjconsideredjhazardousjforjajwomenjwhojhasjeitherjmorejth
ansevenjdrinksjperjweekjormorejthanjthreejdrinksjperjday.
• Womenjwhojconsumejmorejthanjsevenjdrinksjperjdayjarejconsideredjatjris
kjfordevelopingjAUD
• AlcoholjmisusejscreeningjtoolsjincludejthejAUDITjorjAbbreviatedjAUDIT-
Cjinstrumentjoraskingjsinglejquestions.
• Askjpatient,jhowjmanyjtimesjinjthejpastjyearjhavejyoujhadjfourjorjmorejdrinksjinjajday?
#2jFeministjPerspective
• Feministjisjajmodeljofjcarejthatjworksjwithjwomenjasjopposedjtojforjwomen.
• Usesjheterogeneityjasjanjassumption,jnotjhomogeneity.
• Minimizesj orj exposesj powerj imbalance.
• Rejectsjandrocentricjmodelsjasjnormative
• Challengesjthej medicalizationj andjpathologizingjofj normalj physiologicj processes.
• Seeksjsocialjandjpoliticaljchangejtojaddressjwomen’sjhealthjissues.
• Ajfeministjmodeljsupportsjegalitarianjrelationshipsjandjidentifiesjthejw
omenjasjtheexpertjonjherjownjbody.
• Thejwomenjisjthejcenterjofjthisjhealthcarejmodel
• Acknowledgesjthejbroaderjcontextjinjwhichjwomenjlivejtheirjlivesjandjthejsub
sequentchallengesjtojtheirjhealthjasjajresultjofjlivingjwithinjajpatriarchaljsociet
y.
#3jCulturaljPerspectivesjofjWomen
• Adolescents-
jUsingjajrelationaljapproach jwhenjprovidingjcarejtojadolescent jfemales,jwhichjisj
howjadolescentjfemalesjoftenjdefinejthemselves.jByjaskingjquestionsjsuchjas“Te
lljmejaboutjyourjfriendsjorjwhojyoujhangjoutjwith”.
• Earlyjadulthood-
jWomenjatjthisjagejarejfacingjchildbirthjandjcontraceptivejissues,intim
atejpartnerjviolence,jsubstancejabusejandjstress.
• Midlife-
jCliniciansjprovidingjcarejforjwomenjinjmidlifejneedjtojpromotejhealthyjsex
ualfunctioningjandjassessjchangesjthatjmayjnegativelyjimpactjdesire.
,• Olderjwomen-
jSomejwomenjbecomejisolated.jElderlyjwomenjcontendjwithjageismjandsexis
m.
• ProblemsjfacedjbyjMexicanjandjCentraljAmericanjwomenjincludejfeedingjtheir
families,accessingjformaljhealthjcare.
• Undocumentedjmigrantj womenjalsojfacej problemsjwithjobtainingjassistance
withjfoodandjhealthjcarejduejtojthejinabilityjtojseekjassistance
• Veteransjhavejincreasedjriskjforjhavingjbeenjsexuallyjassaulted,jhavejpost-
jtraumaticstressjdisorderjandjtraumaticjbrainjinjury
• Peoplejwhojarejassignedjfemalejsexjatjbirthjarejnataljfemales,jthosejwhojarejass
ignedasjmalesjarejconsideredjnataljmales.
• Transgenderjwomanjisjajnataljmalejwhojhasjajfemalejgenderjidentity.
• Ajtransgenderjmanjisjajnataljfemalejwhojhasjajmalejgenderjidentity
• Cisgenderjrefersjtojsomeonejwhosejgenderjidentityjmatchesjtheirjnataljsex
• LBQjwomenjandjTGNCj(Transgenderjandjgenderjnon-
confirming)jexperienceinterpersonaljandjinstitutionaljdiscriminati
on.
• LBQjandjTGNCjpeoplejfacejrejectionjofjtheirjfamilies,jtheirjcommunitiesjandjspi
rituallevels.
• LBQjandjTGNCjfacejthejriskjofjnotjbeingjinvolvedjwithjtheirjpartnersjinjtimesjofjh
ealthcrises,jorjablejtojparticipatejinjmedicaljdecisionsjofjtheirjpartnersjwhenjin
capacitated.
• LBQjandjTGNCjpeoplejarejlessjlikelyjtojhavejinsurancejorjbejablejtojaffordjhealthcare.
• TGNCjpersonsjarejatjhigherjriskjforjsuicidejandjarej5jtimesjatjgreaterjriskjforjdepression
• Cliniciansjmustjcreatejenvironmentsjthatjarejwelcomingjandjnonthreateningjtojpa
tientsofjalljgenderjidentitiesjandjsexualjorientations
• EMRjmustjbejablejtojidentifyjthejpatientjwithjtheirjphysicaljsexjasjwelljasjtheirjide
ntifiedsex
• Usejopen-endedjandjgender-neutraljlanguage
• Examinationsjmustjbejbasedjonjanatomyjandjorgansjpresent,jnotjthejperceivedjge
nderofjthejpatient
• ForjTransgenderjmenjtakingjtestosterone-
jprovidejajshortjcoursejofjvaginaljestradiolpriorjtojvaginaljexaminations,jasjwel
ljasjtopicaljanestheticjtojreducejpain.
• LBQjandjTGNCjyouthjarejatjanjincreasedjriskjforjviolence,jhomelessnessjandjsubs
tanceabusejthanjothersjofjtheirjage.
• OlderjadultsjofjthejLBQjandjTGNCjpopulationjarejparticularlyjvulnerablejtoj
abuse,neglectjandjpoverty.
• Somejreligionsjandjrestrictivejfamilyjupbringingsjmayjalterjajwoman’sjideasjab
outsexualityjandjtheirjabilityjtojenjoyjtheirjsexuality.
• Blackjwomenjexperiencejmenopausej earlierjthanjotherj women,j an
averagejagejofapproximatelyj50jyears.
• Caucasianjandjhispanicjwomenjhavejreportedjgreatestjnumberjofjps
ychosomaticsymptomsjofjmenopausej(moodiness,jheadaches,jpal
pitations),
• AfricanjAmericanjwomenjreportedjhighestjseverityjofjvasomotorjsy
mptomsjofmenopause
• Asianjwomenjreportedjproblemsjwithjjointjpainjandjstiffness,jespeciallyjin
thejneck,shouldersjandjback.
• WomenjwhojarejmigrantjworkersjmayjnotjreportjIPVjforjfearjofjdeportation.
• Migrantjworkersjcommonlyjhavejthejbeliefjthatjthejwomanjisjsubordinatejtojthe
jmanandjnotjbejawarejofjsupportjservices
• DomesticjViolencejisjthej leadingjcausejofjhomicidejinjwomenj globally
,• Contraceptivejconsiderationsjforjcouplesjthatjarejpartjofjculturaljgroupsjthat
prohibitcontraceptives:
• A.j Cervicaljmucusjmonitoring
• B.j Basalj body
temperaturejmonitoringc.j C.
Menstrualjcyclejcharting
• D.j Ovulationj sensations
• E.jElectronicjhormonaljfertilityjmonitoring
• NativejAmericanjwomenjhavejthejhighestjratesjofjrapejandjassaultjinjthejU.S.j(Leik)
• Muslimj womenjmayj refusej toj undressj andjcannotj bej examinedj byj ajmale
practitionerwithoutjherjhusbandjorjanotherjmalejofjherjfamilyjpresent.
#4jTannerjStages
• Ajcommonlyjusedjscalejforjassessingjsexualjmaturityjandjpubertaljdevelopme
ntjisjthejTannerjscale,jwhichjforjgirls,jreliesjonjdevelopmentjofjthejbreastjand
jgrowthjofpubicjhair.jItjdividesjsexualjphysicaljmaturityjintojfivejstagesjthatje
xtendjfromjpreadolescencejtojadulthood.
• Tannerj Stagej 1j (Prepubertal)
• Breast
• Papillajelevationjonly
• PubicjHair
• Villusjhairjonly
• Nojcoarse,j pigmentedj hair
• TannerjStagej2
• Breast
• Breastjbudsj palpablej andjareolaejenlarge
• Pubic jHair
• Minimaljcoarse,jpigmentedjhairjmainlyjonjlabia
• TannerjStagej3
• Breast
• ElevationjofjBreastjcontour;jareolaejenlarge
• PubicjHair
• Dark,j coarse,j curlyj hairj spreadsj overjmonsj pubis
• Otherjchanges
• Axillaryj hairjdevelops
• AcnejVulgarisjdevelops
• Tannerj Stagej 4:
• Breast
• AreolaejformsjsecondaryjmoundjonjthejBreast
• PubicjHair
• Hairj ofj adultj quality
• Nojspreadjtojjunctionjofjmedialjthighjwithjperineum
• Tannerj Stagej 5:
• Breast
• Adultjbreastjcontour
, • Areolajrecessesjtoj generaljcontourjofj breast
• PubicjHair
• Adultj distributionj ofj hair
• Pubicj hairjspreadsjtojmedialjthigh
• Pubicjhairjdoesjnotjextendjupjlineajalba
#5jPrimaryjpreventionj versusjsecondaryj prevention
• PrimaryjPrevention:jThesejservicesjfocusjonjpreventingjdiseasejinjsusceptiblejpopul
ations.Examplesjofjprimaryjpreventivejeffortsjincludejhealthjeducationjandjcounsel
ing,jandjtargetedjimmunizations.
• SecondaryjPrevention:jThesejservicesjfocusjonjearlyjdetectionjofjdiseasejstatesjand
jsubsequentjpromptjtreatmentjthatjwilljreducejthejseverityjandjlimitjthejshort-
jandjlong-
termjsequelaejofjthejdisease.jRoutinejlaboratoryjscreeningjisjanjexamplejofjsecond
aryjprevention.
• TertiaryjPrevention:jThesejservicesjlimitjdisabilityjandjpromotejrehabilitationjfo
rmjclinicaldiseasejstates.
#6jThejUSjPreventativejServicesjTaskjForcej(USPSTF)j recommendations:
Mammography:
• Age:jAlljwomen
• Recommendation:j Thej USPSTFj recommendsj againstj teachingj breastj self-
examination(BSE).
• Age:j40jYearsjandjOlder
• Recommendation:jThejUSPSTFjconcludesjthatjthejcurrentjevidencejis
insufficientjto assessjthej additionalj benefitsj andj harmsjofjclinicalj breast
examinationj(CBE)jbeyondscreeningjmammographyjinjwomenj40jyearsjor
older.
• Age:jWomen,jBeforejthejAgejofj50jYears
• Recommendation:jThejdecisionjtojstartjregular,jbiennialjscreeningjmammog
raphyjbeforejthejagejofj50jyearsjshouldjbejanjindividualjonejandjtakejpatientj
contextjintoaccount,jincludingjthejpatient'sjvaluesjregardingjspecificjbenefi
tsjandjharms.
• Age:jWomen,jAgej50-74jYears
• Recommendation:jThejUSPSTFjrecommendsjbiennialjscreeningjm
ammographyj forwomenj50-74jyears.
• Age:jWomen,j 75jYearsj andj Older
• Recommendation:jThejUSPSTFjconcludesjthatjthejcurrentjevidencejisjinsuffici
entjtoassessjthejbenefitsjandjharmsjofjscreeningjmammographyjinjwomenj75jy
earsjandjolder.
j j
• Age:jWomenjyoungerjthanj21
• Recommendation:jThejUSPSTFjrecommendsjagainstjscreeningjf
orjcervicaljcancerjinjwomenjyoungerjthanjagej21jyears.
• Age:jWomenj21jtoj 65j(Papj Smear)j orj30-65j (injcomboj withj HPVj testing)
• Recommendation:jThejUSPSTFjrecommendsjscreeningjforjcervic
aljcancerinjwomenjagej21jtoj65jyearsjwithjcytologyj(Papjsmear)jeve
ryj3jyearsjor,jforjwomenjagej30jtoj65jyearsjwhojwantjtojlengthenjthe
jscreening jinterval,jscreeningjwithjajcombinationjofjcytologyjandjhu
manjpapillomavirusj(HPV)jtestingjeveryj5jyears
• Age:jWomenjyoungerjthanj30jyears,jHPVjtesting
NURS 6551 Midterm Study Guide updated
j j j j j
2020(Works100%)
•
• ThejUSPSTFj(2014a)jassignsjaj“B”jrecommendationjtojscreeningjalljadultsjagej
18jandolderj(includingjpregnantjwomen)jforjalcoholjmisuse;jscreeningjadoles
centsjyoungerjthanjagej18jhasjbeenjassignedjanj“Ijstatement”.
• Mostjofjalljrecentjresearchjregardingjeffectsjofjalcoholjhasjbeenjconductedjonjmales
• Smallerjamountsjofjalcoholjisjassociatedjwithjmorejseverejdamagejtojajwomen
• Alcoholjconsumptionjisjconsideredjhazardousjforjajwomenjwhojhasjeitherjmorejth
ansevenjdrinksjperjweekjormorejthanjthreejdrinksjperjday.
• Womenjwhojconsumejmorejthanjsevenjdrinksjperjdayjarejconsideredjatjris
kjfordevelopingjAUD
• AlcoholjmisusejscreeningjtoolsjincludejthejAUDITjorjAbbreviatedjAUDIT-
Cjinstrumentjoraskingjsinglejquestions.
• Askjpatient,jhowjmanyjtimesjinjthejpastjyearjhavejyoujhadjfourjorjmorejdrinksjinjajday?
#2jFeministjPerspective
• Feministjisjajmodeljofjcarejthatjworksjwithjwomenjasjopposedjtojforjwomen.
• Usesjheterogeneityjasjanjassumption,jnotjhomogeneity.
• Minimizesj orj exposesj powerj imbalance.
• Rejectsjandrocentricjmodelsjasjnormative
• Challengesjthej medicalizationj andjpathologizingjofj normalj physiologicj processes.
• Seeksjsocialjandjpoliticaljchangejtojaddressjwomen’sjhealthjissues.
• Ajfeministjmodeljsupportsjegalitarianjrelationshipsjandjidentifiesjthejw
omenjasjtheexpertjonjherjownjbody.
• Thejwomenjisjthejcenterjofjthisjhealthcarejmodel
• Acknowledgesjthejbroaderjcontextjinjwhichjwomenjlivejtheirjlivesjandjthejsub
sequentchallengesjtojtheirjhealthjasjajresultjofjlivingjwithinjajpatriarchaljsociet
y.
#3jCulturaljPerspectivesjofjWomen
• Adolescents-
jUsingjajrelationaljapproach jwhenjprovidingjcarejtojadolescent jfemales,jwhichjisj
howjadolescentjfemalesjoftenjdefinejthemselves.jByjaskingjquestionsjsuchjas“Te
lljmejaboutjyourjfriendsjorjwhojyoujhangjoutjwith”.
• Earlyjadulthood-
jWomenjatjthisjagejarejfacingjchildbirthjandjcontraceptivejissues,intim
atejpartnerjviolence,jsubstancejabusejandjstress.
• Midlife-
jCliniciansjprovidingjcarejforjwomenjinjmidlifejneedjtojpromotejhealthyjsex
ualfunctioningjandjassessjchangesjthatjmayjnegativelyjimpactjdesire.
,• Olderjwomen-
jSomejwomenjbecomejisolated.jElderlyjwomenjcontendjwithjageismjandsexis
m.
• ProblemsjfacedjbyjMexicanjandjCentraljAmericanjwomenjincludejfeedingjtheir
families,accessingjformaljhealthjcare.
• Undocumentedjmigrantj womenjalsojfacej problemsjwithjobtainingjassistance
withjfoodandjhealthjcarejduejtojthejinabilityjtojseekjassistance
• Veteransjhavejincreasedjriskjforjhavingjbeenjsexuallyjassaulted,jhavejpost-
jtraumaticstressjdisorderjandjtraumaticjbrainjinjury
• Peoplejwhojarejassignedjfemalejsexjatjbirthjarejnataljfemales,jthosejwhojarejass
ignedasjmalesjarejconsideredjnataljmales.
• Transgenderjwomanjisjajnataljmalejwhojhasjajfemalejgenderjidentity.
• Ajtransgenderjmanjisjajnataljfemalejwhojhasjajmalejgenderjidentity
• Cisgenderjrefersjtojsomeonejwhosejgenderjidentityjmatchesjtheirjnataljsex
• LBQjwomenjandjTGNCj(Transgenderjandjgenderjnon-
confirming)jexperienceinterpersonaljandjinstitutionaljdiscriminati
on.
• LBQjandjTGNCjpeoplejfacejrejectionjofjtheirjfamilies,jtheirjcommunitiesjandjspi
rituallevels.
• LBQjandjTGNCjfacejthejriskjofjnotjbeingjinvolvedjwithjtheirjpartnersjinjtimesjofjh
ealthcrises,jorjablejtojparticipatejinjmedicaljdecisionsjofjtheirjpartnersjwhenjin
capacitated.
• LBQjandjTGNCjpeoplejarejlessjlikelyjtojhavejinsurancejorjbejablejtojaffordjhealthcare.
• TGNCjpersonsjarejatjhigherjriskjforjsuicidejandjarej5jtimesjatjgreaterjriskjforjdepression
• Cliniciansjmustjcreatejenvironmentsjthatjarejwelcomingjandjnonthreateningjtojpa
tientsofjalljgenderjidentitiesjandjsexualjorientations
• EMRjmustjbejablejtojidentifyjthejpatientjwithjtheirjphysicaljsexjasjwelljasjtheirjide
ntifiedsex
• Usejopen-endedjandjgender-neutraljlanguage
• Examinationsjmustjbejbasedjonjanatomyjandjorgansjpresent,jnotjthejperceivedjge
nderofjthejpatient
• ForjTransgenderjmenjtakingjtestosterone-
jprovidejajshortjcoursejofjvaginaljestradiolpriorjtojvaginaljexaminations,jasjwel
ljasjtopicaljanestheticjtojreducejpain.
• LBQjandjTGNCjyouthjarejatjanjincreasedjriskjforjviolence,jhomelessnessjandjsubs
tanceabusejthanjothersjofjtheirjage.
• OlderjadultsjofjthejLBQjandjTGNCjpopulationjarejparticularlyjvulnerablejtoj
abuse,neglectjandjpoverty.
• Somejreligionsjandjrestrictivejfamilyjupbringingsjmayjalterjajwoman’sjideasjab
outsexualityjandjtheirjabilityjtojenjoyjtheirjsexuality.
• Blackjwomenjexperiencejmenopausej earlierjthanjotherj women,j an
averagejagejofapproximatelyj50jyears.
• Caucasianjandjhispanicjwomenjhavejreportedjgreatestjnumberjofjps
ychosomaticsymptomsjofjmenopausej(moodiness,jheadaches,jpal
pitations),
• AfricanjAmericanjwomenjreportedjhighestjseverityjofjvasomotorjsy
mptomsjofmenopause
• Asianjwomenjreportedjproblemsjwithjjointjpainjandjstiffness,jespeciallyjin
thejneck,shouldersjandjback.
• WomenjwhojarejmigrantjworkersjmayjnotjreportjIPVjforjfearjofjdeportation.
• Migrantjworkersjcommonlyjhavejthejbeliefjthatjthejwomanjisjsubordinatejtojthe
jmanandjnotjbejawarejofjsupportjservices
• DomesticjViolencejisjthej leadingjcausejofjhomicidejinjwomenj globally
,• Contraceptivejconsiderationsjforjcouplesjthatjarejpartjofjculturaljgroupsjthat
prohibitcontraceptives:
• A.j Cervicaljmucusjmonitoring
• B.j Basalj body
temperaturejmonitoringc.j C.
Menstrualjcyclejcharting
• D.j Ovulationj sensations
• E.jElectronicjhormonaljfertilityjmonitoring
• NativejAmericanjwomenjhavejthejhighestjratesjofjrapejandjassaultjinjthejU.S.j(Leik)
• Muslimj womenjmayj refusej toj undressj andjcannotj bej examinedj byj ajmale
practitionerwithoutjherjhusbandjorjanotherjmalejofjherjfamilyjpresent.
#4jTannerjStages
• Ajcommonlyjusedjscalejforjassessingjsexualjmaturityjandjpubertaljdevelopme
ntjisjthejTannerjscale,jwhichjforjgirls,jreliesjonjdevelopmentjofjthejbreastjand
jgrowthjofpubicjhair.jItjdividesjsexualjphysicaljmaturityjintojfivejstagesjthatje
xtendjfromjpreadolescencejtojadulthood.
• Tannerj Stagej 1j (Prepubertal)
• Breast
• Papillajelevationjonly
• PubicjHair
• Villusjhairjonly
• Nojcoarse,j pigmentedj hair
• TannerjStagej2
• Breast
• Breastjbudsj palpablej andjareolaejenlarge
• Pubic jHair
• Minimaljcoarse,jpigmentedjhairjmainlyjonjlabia
• TannerjStagej3
• Breast
• ElevationjofjBreastjcontour;jareolaejenlarge
• PubicjHair
• Dark,j coarse,j curlyj hairj spreadsj overjmonsj pubis
• Otherjchanges
• Axillaryj hairjdevelops
• AcnejVulgarisjdevelops
• Tannerj Stagej 4:
• Breast
• AreolaejformsjsecondaryjmoundjonjthejBreast
• PubicjHair
• Hairj ofj adultj quality
• Nojspreadjtojjunctionjofjmedialjthighjwithjperineum
• Tannerj Stagej 5:
• Breast
• Adultjbreastjcontour
, • Areolajrecessesjtoj generaljcontourjofj breast
• PubicjHair
• Adultj distributionj ofj hair
• Pubicj hairjspreadsjtojmedialjthigh
• Pubicjhairjdoesjnotjextendjupjlineajalba
#5jPrimaryjpreventionj versusjsecondaryj prevention
• PrimaryjPrevention:jThesejservicesjfocusjonjpreventingjdiseasejinjsusceptiblejpopul
ations.Examplesjofjprimaryjpreventivejeffortsjincludejhealthjeducationjandjcounsel
ing,jandjtargetedjimmunizations.
• SecondaryjPrevention:jThesejservicesjfocusjonjearlyjdetectionjofjdiseasejstatesjand
jsubsequentjpromptjtreatmentjthatjwilljreducejthejseverityjandjlimitjthejshort-
jandjlong-
termjsequelaejofjthejdisease.jRoutinejlaboratoryjscreeningjisjanjexamplejofjsecond
aryjprevention.
• TertiaryjPrevention:jThesejservicesjlimitjdisabilityjandjpromotejrehabilitationjfo
rmjclinicaldiseasejstates.
#6jThejUSjPreventativejServicesjTaskjForcej(USPSTF)j recommendations:
Mammography:
• Age:jAlljwomen
• Recommendation:j Thej USPSTFj recommendsj againstj teachingj breastj self-
examination(BSE).
• Age:j40jYearsjandjOlder
• Recommendation:jThejUSPSTFjconcludesjthatjthejcurrentjevidencejis
insufficientjto assessjthej additionalj benefitsj andj harmsjofjclinicalj breast
examinationj(CBE)jbeyondscreeningjmammographyjinjwomenj40jyearsjor
older.
• Age:jWomen,jBeforejthejAgejofj50jYears
• Recommendation:jThejdecisionjtojstartjregular,jbiennialjscreeningjmammog
raphyjbeforejthejagejofj50jyearsjshouldjbejanjindividualjonejandjtakejpatientj
contextjintoaccount,jincludingjthejpatient'sjvaluesjregardingjspecificjbenefi
tsjandjharms.
• Age:jWomen,jAgej50-74jYears
• Recommendation:jThejUSPSTFjrecommendsjbiennialjscreeningjm
ammographyj forwomenj50-74jyears.
• Age:jWomen,j 75jYearsj andj Older
• Recommendation:jThejUSPSTFjconcludesjthatjthejcurrentjevidencejisjinsuffici
entjtoassessjthejbenefitsjandjharmsjofjscreeningjmammographyjinjwomenj75jy
earsjandjolder.
j j
• Age:jWomenjyoungerjthanj21
• Recommendation:jThejUSPSTFjrecommendsjagainstjscreeningjf
orjcervicaljcancerjinjwomenjyoungerjthanjagej21jyears.
• Age:jWomenj21jtoj 65j(Papj Smear)j orj30-65j (injcomboj withj HPVj testing)
• Recommendation:jThejUSPSTFjrecommendsjscreeningjforjcervic
aljcancerinjwomenjagej21jtoj65jyearsjwithjcytologyj(Papjsmear)jeve
ryj3jyearsjor,jforjwomenjagej30jtoj65jyearsjwhojwantjtojlengthenjthe
jscreening jinterval,jscreeningjwithjajcombinationjofjcytologyjandjhu
manjpapillomavirusj(HPV)jtestingjeveryj5jyears
• Age:jWomenjyoungerjthanj30jyears,jHPVjtesting
