Contents
n
Chaptern1 IntroductionntonBiochemistry 1
Chaptern2 Water 10
Chaptern3 AminonAcidsnandnthenPrimarynStructuresnofnProteins 27
Chaptern4 Proteins:nThree-DimensionalnStructurenandnFunction 46
Chaptern5 PropertiesnofnEnzymes 65
Chaptern6 MechanismsnofnEnzymes 85
Chaptern7 CoenzymesnandnVitamins 104
Chaptern8 Carbohydrates 119
Chaptern9 LipidsnandnMembranes 137
Chaptern10 IntroductionntonMetabolism 153
Chaptern11 Glycolysis 169
Chaptern12 Gluconeogenesis,nThenPentosenPhosphatenPathway,
andnGlycogennMetabolism 185
Chaptern13 ThenCitricnAcidnCycle 199
Chaptern14 ElectronnTransportnandnOxidativenPhosphorylation 213
Chaptern15 Photosynthesis 227
Chaptern16 LipidnMetabolism 241
Chaptern17 AminonAcidnMetabolism 256
Chaptern18 NucleotidenMetabolism 269
Chaptern19 NucleicnAcids 284
Chaptern20 DNAnReplication,nRepair,nandnRecombination 300
Chaptern21 TranscriptionnandnRNAnProcessing 315
Chaptern22 ProteinnSynthesis 330
Chaptern23 RecombinantnDNAnTechnology 348
,Chapter 1 Introduction to Biochemistry
n n n
1) Whichn elementsnaccountn forn moren thann97%n ofnthenweightn ofnmostnorganisms?
A) C,n H,nN,nMg,n O,n S
B) C,n H,nN,nO,n P,nS
C) C,n H,nN
D) Fe,n C,n H,nO,n P
E) Ca2+,nK+,nNa+,n Mg2+,n Cl-
Answer:n B
Pagen Ref:n Sectionn 2
2) Proteinsninnbiologicaln membranesn mayn be
A) porous.
B) attachedn tonthen membranen surface.
C) spann thenmembrane.
D) Alln ofnthenabove
E) BnandnCnonly
Answer:n D
Pagen Ref:n Sectionn 3
3) Whichn statementnaboutn cellulosen isnfalse?
A) Itn isnthenmostnabundantn polysacchariden innnature.
B) Itsnmonomersn aren joinedn bynglycosidicn bonds.
C) Itn isnpresentn innthenstemsnofnfloweringnplants.
D) Thenhydroxylngroupsnofnneighboringncellulosenmoleculesninteractntonformnstrong,ninsolublen
fibers.
E) Itn isnan branchedn polymern ofnglucose.
Answer:n E
Pagen Ref:n Sectionn 3
1
,4) WhennKeqnofnan reactionn=n1,nthen
A) then forwardn reactionnisnfastern thann then reversen reaction.
B) then reversen reactionnisnfastern thann then forwardn reaction.
C) then forwardn andn reversen reactionnraten constantsn aren equal.
D) moren productsnaren formednthann reactants.
E) fewern productsnaren formednthann reactants.
Answer:n C
Pagen Ref:n Sectionn 4
5) Whichn statementnisntruenaboutn an reactionnwithnannequilibriumn constant,n Keq,nequaln ton1000?
A) Then forwardn raten constantn isn1000ntimesngreatern thann thenreversen ratenconstant.
B) Then forwardn ratenconstantn isn3n timesngreatern thann reversen ratenconstant.
C) Then forwardn raten constantn isn1000ntimesnsmallernthann then reversen raten constant.
D) Then forwardn ratenconstantn isn3n timesnsmallernthann then reversen ratenconstant.
E) Therenisnnotn enoughn informationn givenn toncomparen then forwardn andn reversen raten constants.
Answer:n A
Pagen Ref:n Sectionn 4
6) Then studyn ofnthenenergyn changesn duringn metabolicnreactionsn isncalledn .
A) bioinformatics
B) metabodynamics
C) thermometrics
D) bioenergetics
E) biologicaln heatn dynamics
Answer:n D
Pagen Ref:n Sectionn 4
7) An spontaneousn chemicaln reactionnalwaysn hasn an n change.
A) positiven Gibbʹsnfreen energy
B) negativen Gibbʹsnfreen energy
C) positiven enthalpy
D) negativen enthalpy
E) positiven entropy
Answer:n B
Pagen Ref:n Sectionn 4
2
, 8) Prokaryotesnaren valuablen toolsn forn biochemistsn because
A) E.ncolinisnwell-studiedn andn typicalnofnprokaryotes.
B) theyncontainn asn manyn genesn asn eukaryoticn cells.
C) manyn ofntheirn chromosomesn aren sequenced.
D) theynaren notn veryn diversenorganisms.
E) Alln ofnthenabove
Answer:n C
Pagen Ref:n Sectionn 6
9) Whichncellularncomponentncarriesnoutnoxidationnreactions,nsomenofnwhichnproducenhydrogen
nperoxide?
A) peroxisomes
B) mitochondria
C) chloroplasts
D) lysosomes
E) vacuoles
Answer:n A
Pagen Ref:n Sectionn 8
10) WhynisnitnimportantnthatnthenenzymesninnlysosomesnarenmorenactivenatnacidicnpHnthannatnneutral
npH?
A) Sincenlysosomesnarenprimarilynfoundninnthenstomachnacidnofnmammals,ntheirnpH
ndependencenallowsnfornmaximumnefficiencynfornthendigestionnofnfoodstuffs.
B) Itn preventsntheirn diffusionnoutnofnthenlysosomes.
C) Itn maximizesn then interactionn withntheirn substratesn whichn aren alwaysn bases.
D) Itn preventsnthemn fromn accidentallyn degradingn then macromoleculesn innthen cytosol.
E) Itn allowsn forn regulationn ofntheirn uptaken bynthenmitochondria.
Answer:n D
Pagen Ref:n Sectionn 8
11) Moleculesnfromnlivingncellsncannotnbensynthesizednoutsidenofnlivingncells.
nAnswer:n FALSE
Pagen Ref:n Sectionn 1
12) Fermentationninnthenabsencenofncellsndemonstratednthatnmetabolicnprocessesnwerenchemicalnin
nnature.
Answer:n TRUE
Pagen Ref:n Sectionn 1
3
n
Chaptern1 IntroductionntonBiochemistry 1
Chaptern2 Water 10
Chaptern3 AminonAcidsnandnthenPrimarynStructuresnofnProteins 27
Chaptern4 Proteins:nThree-DimensionalnStructurenandnFunction 46
Chaptern5 PropertiesnofnEnzymes 65
Chaptern6 MechanismsnofnEnzymes 85
Chaptern7 CoenzymesnandnVitamins 104
Chaptern8 Carbohydrates 119
Chaptern9 LipidsnandnMembranes 137
Chaptern10 IntroductionntonMetabolism 153
Chaptern11 Glycolysis 169
Chaptern12 Gluconeogenesis,nThenPentosenPhosphatenPathway,
andnGlycogennMetabolism 185
Chaptern13 ThenCitricnAcidnCycle 199
Chaptern14 ElectronnTransportnandnOxidativenPhosphorylation 213
Chaptern15 Photosynthesis 227
Chaptern16 LipidnMetabolism 241
Chaptern17 AminonAcidnMetabolism 256
Chaptern18 NucleotidenMetabolism 269
Chaptern19 NucleicnAcids 284
Chaptern20 DNAnReplication,nRepair,nandnRecombination 300
Chaptern21 TranscriptionnandnRNAnProcessing 315
Chaptern22 ProteinnSynthesis 330
Chaptern23 RecombinantnDNAnTechnology 348
,Chapter 1 Introduction to Biochemistry
n n n
1) Whichn elementsnaccountn forn moren thann97%n ofnthenweightn ofnmostnorganisms?
A) C,n H,nN,nMg,n O,n S
B) C,n H,nN,nO,n P,nS
C) C,n H,nN
D) Fe,n C,n H,nO,n P
E) Ca2+,nK+,nNa+,n Mg2+,n Cl-
Answer:n B
Pagen Ref:n Sectionn 2
2) Proteinsninnbiologicaln membranesn mayn be
A) porous.
B) attachedn tonthen membranen surface.
C) spann thenmembrane.
D) Alln ofnthenabove
E) BnandnCnonly
Answer:n D
Pagen Ref:n Sectionn 3
3) Whichn statementnaboutn cellulosen isnfalse?
A) Itn isnthenmostnabundantn polysacchariden innnature.
B) Itsnmonomersn aren joinedn bynglycosidicn bonds.
C) Itn isnpresentn innthenstemsnofnfloweringnplants.
D) Thenhydroxylngroupsnofnneighboringncellulosenmoleculesninteractntonformnstrong,ninsolublen
fibers.
E) Itn isnan branchedn polymern ofnglucose.
Answer:n E
Pagen Ref:n Sectionn 3
1
,4) WhennKeqnofnan reactionn=n1,nthen
A) then forwardn reactionnisnfastern thann then reversen reaction.
B) then reversen reactionnisnfastern thann then forwardn reaction.
C) then forwardn andn reversen reactionnraten constantsn aren equal.
D) moren productsnaren formednthann reactants.
E) fewern productsnaren formednthann reactants.
Answer:n C
Pagen Ref:n Sectionn 4
5) Whichn statementnisntruenaboutn an reactionnwithnannequilibriumn constant,n Keq,nequaln ton1000?
A) Then forwardn raten constantn isn1000ntimesngreatern thann thenreversen ratenconstant.
B) Then forwardn ratenconstantn isn3n timesngreatern thann reversen ratenconstant.
C) Then forwardn raten constantn isn1000ntimesnsmallernthann then reversen raten constant.
D) Then forwardn ratenconstantn isn3n timesnsmallernthann then reversen ratenconstant.
E) Therenisnnotn enoughn informationn givenn toncomparen then forwardn andn reversen raten constants.
Answer:n A
Pagen Ref:n Sectionn 4
6) Then studyn ofnthenenergyn changesn duringn metabolicnreactionsn isncalledn .
A) bioinformatics
B) metabodynamics
C) thermometrics
D) bioenergetics
E) biologicaln heatn dynamics
Answer:n D
Pagen Ref:n Sectionn 4
7) An spontaneousn chemicaln reactionnalwaysn hasn an n change.
A) positiven Gibbʹsnfreen energy
B) negativen Gibbʹsnfreen energy
C) positiven enthalpy
D) negativen enthalpy
E) positiven entropy
Answer:n B
Pagen Ref:n Sectionn 4
2
, 8) Prokaryotesnaren valuablen toolsn forn biochemistsn because
A) E.ncolinisnwell-studiedn andn typicalnofnprokaryotes.
B) theyncontainn asn manyn genesn asn eukaryoticn cells.
C) manyn ofntheirn chromosomesn aren sequenced.
D) theynaren notn veryn diversenorganisms.
E) Alln ofnthenabove
Answer:n C
Pagen Ref:n Sectionn 6
9) Whichncellularncomponentncarriesnoutnoxidationnreactions,nsomenofnwhichnproducenhydrogen
nperoxide?
A) peroxisomes
B) mitochondria
C) chloroplasts
D) lysosomes
E) vacuoles
Answer:n A
Pagen Ref:n Sectionn 8
10) WhynisnitnimportantnthatnthenenzymesninnlysosomesnarenmorenactivenatnacidicnpHnthannatnneutral
npH?
A) Sincenlysosomesnarenprimarilynfoundninnthenstomachnacidnofnmammals,ntheirnpH
ndependencenallowsnfornmaximumnefficiencynfornthendigestionnofnfoodstuffs.
B) Itn preventsntheirn diffusionnoutnofnthenlysosomes.
C) Itn maximizesn then interactionn withntheirn substratesn whichn aren alwaysn bases.
D) Itn preventsnthemn fromn accidentallyn degradingn then macromoleculesn innthen cytosol.
E) Itn allowsn forn regulationn ofntheirn uptaken bynthenmitochondria.
Answer:n D
Pagen Ref:n Sectionn 8
11) Moleculesnfromnlivingncellsncannotnbensynthesizednoutsidenofnlivingncells.
nAnswer:n FALSE
Pagen Ref:n Sectionn 1
12) Fermentationninnthenabsencenofncellsndemonstratednthatnmetabolicnprocessesnwerenchemicalnin
nnature.
Answer:n TRUE
Pagen Ref:n Sectionn 1
3
