Chapter 1 y
MultipleyChoice
1. AsydefinedybyyC.yWrightyMills,ywhichyofytheyfollowingy“enablesyusytoygraspyhistoryyandybiographyyandytheyr
elationsybetweenytheytwoywithinysociety”?
a. formalysociology
b. sociologicalyimagination
c. microsociology
d. macrosociology
ANS:yByDIF:yEasyyREF:yPagey5
TOP:yFactualyOBJ:ySociologicalyImagination
2. FeelingydiscomfortyaboutyruralyChineseysociety,ywhereymanyygenerationsyofyayfamilyysleepyinytheysamey
bed,yisyknownyas:
a. xenophobia.
b. Verstehen.
c. socialyidentity.
d. socialyecology.
ANS:yAyDIF:yModerateyREF:yPagesy6–7
TOP:yAppliedyOBJ:ySociologicalyImagination
3. HowydoesytheytextbookyauthoryuseydialogueyfromyPulpyFiction,yinywhichytheycharactersydiscussyhowyiny
Hollandypeopleyputymayonnaiseyonytheiryfrenchyfries?
a. toyintroduceytheysociologyyofyfilm
b. toyexplainytheysociologicalyimagination
c. toyexplainysocialyinstitutions
d. toydefineyformalysociology
ANS:yByDIF:yEasyyREF:yPagey7
TOP:yAppliedyOBJ:ySociologicalyImagination
4. Ayfemaleymanageryisyattemptingytoyclimbyherywayytoytheytopyofytheycorporateyladder.ySheyworksyasyhard,yifyn
otyharder,ythanyherymaleycolleagues,ybutynothingysheyseemsytoydoyhelpsyheryadvance.ySheybeginsytoynoticeythatymalesy
areybeingypromoted,ybutyfemalesytendytoybeyoverlookedyforyadvancements.yTheyrealizationythatymanyywomenyinyherycirc
umstanceyareyexperiencingytheysameydiscriminationyisyanyexampleyof:
a. anomie.
b. Verstehen.
c. sociologicalyimagination.
d. socialycohesion.
ANS:yCyDIF:yDifficultyREF:yPagey5
TOP:yAppliedyOBJ:ySociologicalyImagination
5. Sociologistsyandyeconomistsyhaveyshownythatytheybenefitsyofyhigheryeducationyincludeyhigherymedianyi
ncomesyforycollegeygraduates.yThisyisyknownyas:
a. educationalyinvestment.
b. theyreturnsytoyschooling.
c. studyyhardyorybeypoor.
d. getyanyeducation;ygetyayjob.
ANS:yByDIF:yModerateyREF:yPagey8
TOP:yFactualyOBJ:yReturnsytoySchooling
6. Afterydoingysomeysociologicalymath,ywhatyisytheynetydifferenceybetweenytheyannualyearningsyofythey
averageyhighyschoolyversusycollegeygraduate?
a. abouty$5,000yperyyear
b. abouty$10,000yperyyear
c. abouty$15,000yperyyear
d. abouty$50,000yperyyearyA
NS:yCyDIF:yDifficultyREF:yPagey9
, TOP:yConceptualyOBJ:yReturnsytoySchooling
7. AccordingytoyRandallyCollins’sy(1979)yresearch,ytheyexpansionyofyhigheryeducationyis:
a. mainlyycausedybyytheyglobalizationyofycapitalism.
b. likelyycausedybyyless-preparedyhighyschoolystudentsyenteringycollege.
c. ayresultyofycredentialism yandyexpendituresyonyformalyeducation.
d. ayresultyofyincreasingygovernmentalyinterferenceyinyeducationalyfunding.
ANS:yCyDIF:yDifficultyREF:yPagey11yTOP
:yFactualyOBJ:yCredentialism
8. Accordingytoyresearchyusedytoyquestionycredentialism,ywhatymightyitycostytoybuyyaycollegeydiplomayonline?
a. $29.95
b. $99.99
c. $250.00
d. atyleasty$1,000
ANS:yAyDIF:yModerateyREF:yPagey11yTO
P:yFactualyOBJ:yCredentialism
9. Inytoday’sysociety,yRandallyCollinsymightysuggestythatygettingyay“pieceyofypaper”yisymoreyimportantytoymanyyt
hanyactuallyyhavingytheyknowledgeytoydoyayjob.yHeycallsytheypriorityyplacedyonyformalyeducation:
a. secondaryyeducation.
b. credentialism.
c. normlessness.
d. xenophobia.
ANS:yByDIF:yDifficultyREF:yPagey11yTOP
:yConceptualyOBJ:yCredentialism
10. Allyofytheyfollowingyareyexamplesyofysocialyinstitutionsyusedytoypreventywebsitesyfromyunderminingy
colleges’ydegree-conferringyabilitiesyEXCEPT:
a. copyrightylaw.
b. policeyforces.
c. employers.
d. families.
ANS:yDyDIF:yEasyyREF:yPagey11
TOP:yFactualyOBJ:ySocialyInstitutions
11. Whichyofytheyfollowingyisydefinedyasyaysetyofystoriesyembeddedywithinyaysocialynetworkyaboutytheystandardy
waysyaysocietyymeetsyitsyneeds?
a. aysocialyidentity
b. aysocialyinstitution
c. aytheory
d. anomie
ANS:yByDIF:yModerateyREF:yPagey12yT
OP:yFactualyOBJ:ySocialyInstitutions
12. Theyauthoryofyyourytextystatesythatytheymostyage-segregatedysocialyinstitutionyinyourysocietyyis:
a. ayhospital.
b. aymentalyinstitution.
c. ayprison.
d. ayfour-yearycollege.
ANS:yDyDIF:yEasyyREF:yPagey12
TOP:yFactualyOBJ:ySocialyInstitutions
13. Ayfamily,yasyaygroupyofypeopleylivingytogetherysharingyindividualystories,ymakesyupya(n):
a. socialyinstitution.
b. conflictyinstitution.
c. anomicyinstitution.
d. creativeyinstitution.
ANS:yAyDIF:yDifficultyREF:yPagey13
TOP:yConceptualyOBJ:ySocialyInstitutions
14. TheyPhillipyMorrisyCompanyychangedyitsynameytoyAltirayinyanyattemptytoystartyaynew:
,a. lineyofycigarettes.
b. defenseyagainstylawysuits.
c. socialyidentity.
d. multinationalycompany.
ANS:yCyDIF:yModerateyREF:yPagey13yT
OP:yFactualyOBJ:ySocialyIdentity
15. They“grandynarrative”ythatyconstitutesyaysocialyidentity:
a. isynothingymoreythanyaysumyofyindividualystoriesytoldybetweenypairsyofyindividuals.
b. remainsytheysameythroughoutytime.
c. canyonlyybeydefinedybyytheyindividualyhim-yoryherself.
d. isybestydisplayedyonlineyonyMySpaceyandyFacebook.
ANS:yAyDIF:yModerateyREF:yPagey13yT
OP:yConceptualyOBJ:ySocialyIdentity
16. Asyayformalyfield,ysociologyyisyayrelativelyy discipline,yasydiscussedyinyChaptery1.
a. old
b. established
c. young
d. conservative
ANS:yCyDIF:yEasyyREF:yPagey15
TOP:yFactualyOBJ:yEarlyySociologicalyTheory
17. Whoywasytheyauthoryofytheyfirstymethodsybookyinytheydisciplineyofysociology?
a. EmileyDurkheim
b. HarrietyMartineau
c. JaneyAddams
d. MaxyWeber
ANS:yByDIF:yModerateyREF:yPagey18
TOP:yFactualyOBJ:yAugustyComteyandyHarrietyMartineau
18. InytheybookyHowytoyObserveyMoralsyandyManners,ytheyinstitutionyofymarriageyisycriticizedyas:
a. basedyonyanyassumptionyofytheyinferiorityyofywomen.
b. basedyonyanyassumptionyofytheyinferiorityyofymen.
c. reinforcingycompulsoryyheterosexuality.
d. perpetuatingysocialyclassystratification.
ANS:yAyDIF:yModerateyREF:yPagey18
TOP:yFactualyOBJ:yAugustyComteyandyHarrietyMartineauy|yFeministyTheory
19. Whichyofytheyfollowingysociologistsydevelopedytheytheoryyofypositivism?
a. AugusteyComte
b. EmileyDurkheim
c. KarlyMarx
d. MaxyWeber
ANS:yAyDIF:yModerateyREF:yPagey15yTO
P:yFactualyOBJ:yPositivism
20. Positivismyisybestydefinedyas:
a. theyideaythatyweycanyscientificallyyandylogicallyystudyysocialyinstitutionsyandytheyindividualsywithinythem.
b. theyeffectyofyreligionyonysocialyinstitutionsyandytheyindividualsywithinythem.
c. theystudyyofytheysymbolicyinteractionsybetweenysocialyinstitutionsyandytheyindividualsywithinythem.
d. theyrelationshipybetweenyscientificyandyreligiousysocialyinstitutions.
ANS:yAyDIF:yDifficultyREF:yPagey16yTO
P:yFactualyOBJ:yPositivism
21. AccordingytoyComte,ypositivismyaroseyoutyofyayneedytoymakey
senseyofytheysocialyorderyinyaytimeyofydecliningyreligiousyauthority.
a. scientific
b. moral
c. rational
d. economic
, ANS:yByDIF:yModerateyREF:yPagey16yTO
P:yFactualyOBJ:yPositivism
22. Theypersonythatyisyoftenyconsideredytoybeytheyfoundingyfatheryofypositivismyis:
a. ÉmileyDurkheim.
b. KarlyMarx.
c. GeorgySimmel.
d. GeorgeyHerbertyMead.
ANS:yAyDIF:yModerateyREF:yPagey23yTO
P:yFactualyOBJ:yPositivism
23. Allyofytheyfollowingyareyknownyasytheythreeyepistemologicalystagesyofyhumanysociety,yasyexplainedybyy
Comte,yEXCEPT:
a. theytheologicalystage.
b. theymetaphysicalystage.
c. theyscientificystage.
d. theypost-scientificystage.
ANS:yDyDIF:yEasyyREF:yPagesy16–17
TOP:yFactualyOBJ:yEpistemologicalyStages
24. WhichyofytheythreeyhistoricalyepistemologicalystagesyofyhumanysocietyydidyComteyexplainywasyhighlightedyb
yyEnlightenmentythinkingysuchyasyRousseau’s,yMill’s,yandyHobbes’sybeliefsyinybiologicalycausesyforyhumanybehavior?
a. theytheologicalystage
b. theymetaphysicalystage
c. theyscientificystage
d. theypost-scientificystage
ANS:yByDIF:yModerateyREF:yPagey17
TOP:yFactualyOBJ:yEpistemologicalyStages
25. WhichyofytheythreeyhistoricalyepistemologicalystagesyofyhumanysocietyydidyComteyclaimywasycharacterizedy
byytheydevelopmentyofysocialyphysicsytoyexplainyhumanybehavior?
a. theytheologicalystage
b. theymetaphysicalystage
c. theyscientificystage
d. theypost-scientificystage
ANS:yCyDIF:yModerateyREF:yPagey17
TOP:yFactualyOBJ:yEpistemologicalyStages
26. WhichyofytheythreeyhistoricalyepistemologicalystagesydidyComteyargueywouldyexplainyhumanysocietyybyy
consultingytheyBibleyoryotheryreligiousytexts?
a. theytheologicalystage
b. theymetaphysicalystage
c. theyscientificystage
d. theypost-scientificystage
ANS:yAyDIF:yModerateyREF:yPagey16
TOP:yFactualyOBJ:yEpistemologicalyStages
27. Whichyofytheyfollowingyareyknownyasy“theyfoundingyfathersyofytheysociologicalydiscipline”?
a. Comte,yMartineau,yandyMarx
b. Martineau,yAddams,yandyWeber
c. Durkheim,yMarx,yandyWeber
d. Cooley,yPark,yandyMead
ANS:yCyDIF:yEasyyREF:yPagey18
TOP:yFactualyOBJ:yClassicalySociology
28. Whichyofytheyfollowingyfoundersyofysociologyyisyknown,yinypart,yforyhavingyhisywritingsybecomeytheybasisyofy
Communism?
a. AugusteyComte
b. ÉmileyDurkheim
c. KarlyMarx
d. MaxyWeber
ANS:yCyDIF:yEasyyREF:yPagey19
MultipleyChoice
1. AsydefinedybyyC.yWrightyMills,ywhichyofytheyfollowingy“enablesyusytoygraspyhistoryyandybiographyyandytheyr
elationsybetweenytheytwoywithinysociety”?
a. formalysociology
b. sociologicalyimagination
c. microsociology
d. macrosociology
ANS:yByDIF:yEasyyREF:yPagey5
TOP:yFactualyOBJ:ySociologicalyImagination
2. FeelingydiscomfortyaboutyruralyChineseysociety,ywhereymanyygenerationsyofyayfamilyysleepyinytheysamey
bed,yisyknownyas:
a. xenophobia.
b. Verstehen.
c. socialyidentity.
d. socialyecology.
ANS:yAyDIF:yModerateyREF:yPagesy6–7
TOP:yAppliedyOBJ:ySociologicalyImagination
3. HowydoesytheytextbookyauthoryuseydialogueyfromyPulpyFiction,yinywhichytheycharactersydiscussyhowyiny
Hollandypeopleyputymayonnaiseyonytheiryfrenchyfries?
a. toyintroduceytheysociologyyofyfilm
b. toyexplainytheysociologicalyimagination
c. toyexplainysocialyinstitutions
d. toydefineyformalysociology
ANS:yByDIF:yEasyyREF:yPagey7
TOP:yAppliedyOBJ:ySociologicalyImagination
4. Ayfemaleymanageryisyattemptingytoyclimbyherywayytoytheytopyofytheycorporateyladder.ySheyworksyasyhard,yifyn
otyharder,ythanyherymaleycolleagues,ybutynothingysheyseemsytoydoyhelpsyheryadvance.ySheybeginsytoynoticeythatymalesy
areybeingypromoted,ybutyfemalesytendytoybeyoverlookedyforyadvancements.yTheyrealizationythatymanyywomenyinyherycirc
umstanceyareyexperiencingytheysameydiscriminationyisyanyexampleyof:
a. anomie.
b. Verstehen.
c. sociologicalyimagination.
d. socialycohesion.
ANS:yCyDIF:yDifficultyREF:yPagey5
TOP:yAppliedyOBJ:ySociologicalyImagination
5. Sociologistsyandyeconomistsyhaveyshownythatytheybenefitsyofyhigheryeducationyincludeyhigherymedianyi
ncomesyforycollegeygraduates.yThisyisyknownyas:
a. educationalyinvestment.
b. theyreturnsytoyschooling.
c. studyyhardyorybeypoor.
d. getyanyeducation;ygetyayjob.
ANS:yByDIF:yModerateyREF:yPagey8
TOP:yFactualyOBJ:yReturnsytoySchooling
6. Afterydoingysomeysociologicalymath,ywhatyisytheynetydifferenceybetweenytheyannualyearningsyofythey
averageyhighyschoolyversusycollegeygraduate?
a. abouty$5,000yperyyear
b. abouty$10,000yperyyear
c. abouty$15,000yperyyear
d. abouty$50,000yperyyearyA
NS:yCyDIF:yDifficultyREF:yPagey9
, TOP:yConceptualyOBJ:yReturnsytoySchooling
7. AccordingytoyRandallyCollins’sy(1979)yresearch,ytheyexpansionyofyhigheryeducationyis:
a. mainlyycausedybyytheyglobalizationyofycapitalism.
b. likelyycausedybyyless-preparedyhighyschoolystudentsyenteringycollege.
c. ayresultyofycredentialism yandyexpendituresyonyformalyeducation.
d. ayresultyofyincreasingygovernmentalyinterferenceyinyeducationalyfunding.
ANS:yCyDIF:yDifficultyREF:yPagey11yTOP
:yFactualyOBJ:yCredentialism
8. Accordingytoyresearchyusedytoyquestionycredentialism,ywhatymightyitycostytoybuyyaycollegeydiplomayonline?
a. $29.95
b. $99.99
c. $250.00
d. atyleasty$1,000
ANS:yAyDIF:yModerateyREF:yPagey11yTO
P:yFactualyOBJ:yCredentialism
9. Inytoday’sysociety,yRandallyCollinsymightysuggestythatygettingyay“pieceyofypaper”yisymoreyimportantytoymanyyt
hanyactuallyyhavingytheyknowledgeytoydoyayjob.yHeycallsytheypriorityyplacedyonyformalyeducation:
a. secondaryyeducation.
b. credentialism.
c. normlessness.
d. xenophobia.
ANS:yByDIF:yDifficultyREF:yPagey11yTOP
:yConceptualyOBJ:yCredentialism
10. Allyofytheyfollowingyareyexamplesyofysocialyinstitutionsyusedytoypreventywebsitesyfromyunderminingy
colleges’ydegree-conferringyabilitiesyEXCEPT:
a. copyrightylaw.
b. policeyforces.
c. employers.
d. families.
ANS:yDyDIF:yEasyyREF:yPagey11
TOP:yFactualyOBJ:ySocialyInstitutions
11. Whichyofytheyfollowingyisydefinedyasyaysetyofystoriesyembeddedywithinyaysocialynetworkyaboutytheystandardy
waysyaysocietyymeetsyitsyneeds?
a. aysocialyidentity
b. aysocialyinstitution
c. aytheory
d. anomie
ANS:yByDIF:yModerateyREF:yPagey12yT
OP:yFactualyOBJ:ySocialyInstitutions
12. Theyauthoryofyyourytextystatesythatytheymostyage-segregatedysocialyinstitutionyinyourysocietyyis:
a. ayhospital.
b. aymentalyinstitution.
c. ayprison.
d. ayfour-yearycollege.
ANS:yDyDIF:yEasyyREF:yPagey12
TOP:yFactualyOBJ:ySocialyInstitutions
13. Ayfamily,yasyaygroupyofypeopleylivingytogetherysharingyindividualystories,ymakesyupya(n):
a. socialyinstitution.
b. conflictyinstitution.
c. anomicyinstitution.
d. creativeyinstitution.
ANS:yAyDIF:yDifficultyREF:yPagey13
TOP:yConceptualyOBJ:ySocialyInstitutions
14. TheyPhillipyMorrisyCompanyychangedyitsynameytoyAltirayinyanyattemptytoystartyaynew:
,a. lineyofycigarettes.
b. defenseyagainstylawysuits.
c. socialyidentity.
d. multinationalycompany.
ANS:yCyDIF:yModerateyREF:yPagey13yT
OP:yFactualyOBJ:ySocialyIdentity
15. They“grandynarrative”ythatyconstitutesyaysocialyidentity:
a. isynothingymoreythanyaysumyofyindividualystoriesytoldybetweenypairsyofyindividuals.
b. remainsytheysameythroughoutytime.
c. canyonlyybeydefinedybyytheyindividualyhim-yoryherself.
d. isybestydisplayedyonlineyonyMySpaceyandyFacebook.
ANS:yAyDIF:yModerateyREF:yPagey13yT
OP:yConceptualyOBJ:ySocialyIdentity
16. Asyayformalyfield,ysociologyyisyayrelativelyy discipline,yasydiscussedyinyChaptery1.
a. old
b. established
c. young
d. conservative
ANS:yCyDIF:yEasyyREF:yPagey15
TOP:yFactualyOBJ:yEarlyySociologicalyTheory
17. Whoywasytheyauthoryofytheyfirstymethodsybookyinytheydisciplineyofysociology?
a. EmileyDurkheim
b. HarrietyMartineau
c. JaneyAddams
d. MaxyWeber
ANS:yByDIF:yModerateyREF:yPagey18
TOP:yFactualyOBJ:yAugustyComteyandyHarrietyMartineau
18. InytheybookyHowytoyObserveyMoralsyandyManners,ytheyinstitutionyofymarriageyisycriticizedyas:
a. basedyonyanyassumptionyofytheyinferiorityyofywomen.
b. basedyonyanyassumptionyofytheyinferiorityyofymen.
c. reinforcingycompulsoryyheterosexuality.
d. perpetuatingysocialyclassystratification.
ANS:yAyDIF:yModerateyREF:yPagey18
TOP:yFactualyOBJ:yAugustyComteyandyHarrietyMartineauy|yFeministyTheory
19. Whichyofytheyfollowingysociologistsydevelopedytheytheoryyofypositivism?
a. AugusteyComte
b. EmileyDurkheim
c. KarlyMarx
d. MaxyWeber
ANS:yAyDIF:yModerateyREF:yPagey15yTO
P:yFactualyOBJ:yPositivism
20. Positivismyisybestydefinedyas:
a. theyideaythatyweycanyscientificallyyandylogicallyystudyysocialyinstitutionsyandytheyindividualsywithinythem.
b. theyeffectyofyreligionyonysocialyinstitutionsyandytheyindividualsywithinythem.
c. theystudyyofytheysymbolicyinteractionsybetweenysocialyinstitutionsyandytheyindividualsywithinythem.
d. theyrelationshipybetweenyscientificyandyreligiousysocialyinstitutions.
ANS:yAyDIF:yDifficultyREF:yPagey16yTO
P:yFactualyOBJ:yPositivism
21. AccordingytoyComte,ypositivismyaroseyoutyofyayneedytoymakey
senseyofytheysocialyorderyinyaytimeyofydecliningyreligiousyauthority.
a. scientific
b. moral
c. rational
d. economic
, ANS:yByDIF:yModerateyREF:yPagey16yTO
P:yFactualyOBJ:yPositivism
22. Theypersonythatyisyoftenyconsideredytoybeytheyfoundingyfatheryofypositivismyis:
a. ÉmileyDurkheim.
b. KarlyMarx.
c. GeorgySimmel.
d. GeorgeyHerbertyMead.
ANS:yAyDIF:yModerateyREF:yPagey23yTO
P:yFactualyOBJ:yPositivism
23. Allyofytheyfollowingyareyknownyasytheythreeyepistemologicalystagesyofyhumanysociety,yasyexplainedybyy
Comte,yEXCEPT:
a. theytheologicalystage.
b. theymetaphysicalystage.
c. theyscientificystage.
d. theypost-scientificystage.
ANS:yDyDIF:yEasyyREF:yPagesy16–17
TOP:yFactualyOBJ:yEpistemologicalyStages
24. WhichyofytheythreeyhistoricalyepistemologicalystagesyofyhumanysocietyydidyComteyexplainywasyhighlightedyb
yyEnlightenmentythinkingysuchyasyRousseau’s,yMill’s,yandyHobbes’sybeliefsyinybiologicalycausesyforyhumanybehavior?
a. theytheologicalystage
b. theymetaphysicalystage
c. theyscientificystage
d. theypost-scientificystage
ANS:yByDIF:yModerateyREF:yPagey17
TOP:yFactualyOBJ:yEpistemologicalyStages
25. WhichyofytheythreeyhistoricalyepistemologicalystagesyofyhumanysocietyydidyComteyclaimywasycharacterizedy
byytheydevelopmentyofysocialyphysicsytoyexplainyhumanybehavior?
a. theytheologicalystage
b. theymetaphysicalystage
c. theyscientificystage
d. theypost-scientificystage
ANS:yCyDIF:yModerateyREF:yPagey17
TOP:yFactualyOBJ:yEpistemologicalyStages
26. WhichyofytheythreeyhistoricalyepistemologicalystagesydidyComteyargueywouldyexplainyhumanysocietyybyy
consultingytheyBibleyoryotheryreligiousytexts?
a. theytheologicalystage
b. theymetaphysicalystage
c. theyscientificystage
d. theypost-scientificystage
ANS:yAyDIF:yModerateyREF:yPagey16
TOP:yFactualyOBJ:yEpistemologicalyStages
27. Whichyofytheyfollowingyareyknownyasy“theyfoundingyfathersyofytheysociologicalydiscipline”?
a. Comte,yMartineau,yandyMarx
b. Martineau,yAddams,yandyWeber
c. Durkheim,yMarx,yandyWeber
d. Cooley,yPark,yandyMead
ANS:yCyDIF:yEasyyREF:yPagey18
TOP:yFactualyOBJ:yClassicalySociology
28. Whichyofytheyfollowingyfoundersyofysociologyyisyknown,yinypart,yforyhavingyhisywritingsybecomeytheybasisyofy
Communism?
a. AugusteyComte
b. ÉmileyDurkheim
c. KarlyMarx
d. MaxyWeber
ANS:yCyDIF:yEasyyREF:yPagey19
