DOWNLOAD THE Test Bank for Fundamentals of Abnormal Psychology 8th Editi
k k k k k k k k k k
on Comer k
1. Discusskhowkthekhumanistic-
existentialkmodelkandkthekbiologicalkmodelkdifferkinktheirkunderstandingkofkcauseskofkab
normality.
2. Whatkareksomekadvantageskandkdisadvantageskofkusingkdrugskinkpsychotherapy?
3. Ifkakfriendkofkyourskneededktreatmentkforkdepression,kwhatkwouldkbekadvantageskandkd
isadvantageskofkyourkfriendkreceivingkeitherkpsychodynamicktherapykorkcognitivekthe
rapy?kWhichkofkthesekalternativeskwouldkyoukrecommendktokyourkfriend?
4. Howkwouldkthekbehavioralkmodelkexplainkhowkakpersonkacquiredkankabnormalkfearkofkd
ogs?
5. Describekgroupktherapy,kfamilyktherapy,kandkcouplektherapy.kDiscusskwhatkeachkentailska
ndkgivekankexamplekforkeach.
6. Onekuniquekpartkofktheksocioculturalkmodelkiskthek"communityktreatment"kaspect,kakkeykco
mponentkofkwhichkiskprevention.kHowkdokcommunityktreatmentkadvocateskaccomplishkpre
vention?
7. Definekprimary,ksecondary,kandktertiarykprevention.kProvidekankexamplekofkeach.
8. Discusskthekreasonskthatkculture-
sensitivektherapykarosekandkthekchallengeskitkseeksktokaddress.
9. Describekthekoriginskofkabnormalitykaccordingktokanykthreekofkthesekmodels:ksociocultura
l,kpsychodynamic,kbehavioral,kcognitive,khumanistic-existential,kbiological.
10. Explainkthekbiopsychosocialkapproachktokunderstandingkthekcauseskofkabnormality.kProv
idekankexamplekofkhowkthiskapproachkmightkbekappliedktokthekcauseskofkdepression.
11. Manykclinicianskviewktheirkapproachkask"eclectic."kWhatkiskankeclectickapproachktoka
bnormality?kDescribekatkleastkonekexamplekofkankeclectickapproachktokabnormality.
12. First,kdefineknutraceuticals.kThenkcomparekthemkwithkconventionalkmedications.
Pagek1
mynursytest.store
,DOWNLOAD THE Test Bank for Fundamentals of Abnormal Psychology 8th Editi
k k k k k k k k k k
on Comer k
13. Explainkthekthreekcentralkforceskthatkshapekpersonality,kaccordingktokFreud.
14. Explainkhowkcognitivektheoristskexplainkabnormalkbehavior.
15. Comparekandkcontrastkthekdifferentkformskofkcybertherapy.
Pagek2
mynursytest.store
,DOWNLOAD THE Test Bank for Fundamentals of Abnormal Psychology 8th Editi
k k k k k k k k k k
on Comer k
Answer Key
k
1. Biologicalktheoristskadoptkakmedicalkperspectivekandkbelievekthatkabnormalkbehaviorkiskth
ekresultkofkphysicalkmalfunctioning.kTheoristskofkthiskperspectivekoftenkfocuskonkbrainkan
atomy,kbrainkchemistry,kgenetics,khormones,korkotherkphysiologicalkmalfunctions.k Thekh
umanistic-existentialkmodelkbelieveskthatkdysfunctionkiskthekresultkofkself-
deceitkorkthekavoidancekofkresponsibility.kHumanistskbelievekthatkhumanskarekdrivenkto
self-
actualize,kandkwhenkthiskdrivekiskinterferedkwith,kdysfunctionkcankresult.kExistentialistskb
elievekthatkabnormalkbehaviorkstemskfromkhidingkfromklife'skresponsibilitieskandkencoura
gekindividualsktokacceptkresponsibilitykforktheirkliveskandktokrecognizekthekfreedomktheykh
avektokleadkaklifektheykchoosekwithkgreaterkmeaningktokthem.
2. Thekadvantagesktokusingkpsychotropickdrugskaskpartkofkaktreatmentkplankarekthatkmedicatio
nkhaskgreatlykchangedkthekoutlookkforkmanykpeoplekwithkdisorderskwhokmaykhavekhadknok
hopekofktreatmentkinkthekpast.kPeoplekwithkillnessesklikekschizophrenia,kwhichkmayknotkbek
responsivektoktherapykwithoutkmedicationkstabilization,kareknowkbetterkablektokfindktreatm
ent,kandkindividualskhavekgreaterkhopekofkakbetterkqualitykofklifekandksymptomkmanageme
nt.kAnotherkadvantagektokmedicationkiskthatkoftenkthekmedicationskworkkquicklyktokbringks
ymptomkreliefkwhilekdeeperkandkmorekcomplexkissueskarekbeingktargetedkinktalkktherapy.k
Thiskhelpskindividualskreturnktokmeaningfulkworkksoonerkandkhavekimprovedkfunctioningk
onkakfasterktimeline.
Therekarekalsokdisadvantagesktokpsychotropickmedications.kThektextkreportskthatkmanykpeo
plekbelievekthatkmedicationskarekoverusedkandkthatktheykdoknotkhelpkeveryone.kThosekwhoka
rekprescribedkmedicationskmightkhavekbeenkbestkservedkinktheklongktermkwithktherapeutickin
terventions,kandkperhapskthoseknotkhelpedkbykmedicationskdoknotkseekkotherkpsychotropickal
ternatives.
Ideally,kmedicationskarekbestkusedkinkcombinationkwithkotherktypeskofktherapy.
3. Onekadvantagektokpsychodynamicktherapykiskthatkpsychologicalkconflict,kitskfocus,kiskakco
mmonkexperience.kHowever,kthekpsychodynamickmodelkhaskmanykshortcomings.kPsycho
dynamickmodelskhavekreceivedklimitedkresearchksupportkoverkthekyears,kalthoughksomekre
searchksuggestskthatklong-
termkpsychodynamicktherapykmaykbekhelpfulkforkpeoplekwithklong-
termkcomplexkdisordersk(fromkwhichkmykfriendkdoesknotksuffer).kThiskiskalsoksomewhatkn
egative.kInkthekagekofkmanagedkhealthkcare,kwhokwouldkpaykforksuchklong-
termkcarekifkshorterkmodelskofkgreaterkeffectivenesskwerekavailable?
Thekcognitivekmodelkalsokhaskbenefitskandkdisadvantages.kOnekdisadvantagekiskthatkitskbas
ickpremise—thatkdysfunctionalkthinkingkdriveskabnormalkfunctioning—
maykbekmisleading.kItkmaykbekthatkdysfunctionalkthinkingkisksimplykakresultkofkthekabnorm
alitykandknotkakforcekthatkdriveskit.kOtherskhavekarguedkthatkthekcognitivekmodelkisktooklimit
ingkandkthatkhumankbeingskarekmorekthanksimplyktheksumkofktheirkthoughts.kHowever,kanka
dvantagekofkcognitivektherapykiskthatkitkdoeskhaveksignificantkresearchksupportkforkitskeffec
tivenesskinktreatingkakvarietykofkafflictions.
IfkIkhadkakfriendkwhokneededktreatmentkforkdepression,kIkwouldklookktokthektherapykthatkh
askbeenkprovenkscientificallyktokbenefitkmykfriend'skparticularkdisorder.kThekcognitivekm
odelkhaskbeenkprovenkverykeffectivekforktreatingkdepression.
4. Thekbehavioralkmodelkwouldkexplainkthekacquisitionkofkankabnormalkfearkofkdogskinkakn
umberkofkways.kThekfirstkwaykiskthroughkmodeling.kInkmodeling,kindividualsklearn
Pagek3
mynursytest.store
, DOWNLOAD THE Test Bank for Fundamentals of Abnormal Psychology 8th Editi
k k k k k k k k k k
on Comer k
responsesksimplykbykobservingkotherkindividualskandkrepeatingktheirkbehaviors.kSo,kforkexa
mple,kifkakparentkwaskafraidkofkdogskandkwalkingkwithkthekchildkinkthekpark,kthekchildkwouldk
watchkaskthekparentkrecoilskinkfearkofkankoncomingkoff-
leashkdogkandklaterkrepeatkthekparent'skbehavior.
Anotherkwaykinkwhichkthekbehavioralkmodelkwouldkexplainkthekacquisitionkofkthekfearkiskt
hroughkclassicalkconditioning.kSo,kforkexample,kevenkifkakdogkbegankaskakneutralkstimulus,
kifkthekdogkbarkskloudlykinkthekfacekofkakperson,kthekpersonkmaykbeginktokhavekakstartlekresp
onsekeveryktimekhekorkshekencounterskthekdogkbecausekthatkneutralkstimuluskbecomeskakco
nditionedkone.
Inkthisksituation,kthekclassicalkconditioningkmightkbestkbekchartedkinkthiskway:k
NSk=kNeutralkStimuli
USk=kUnconditionedkStimulikC
Sk=kConditionedkStimuli
URk=kUnconditionedkResponsekC
Rk=kConditionedkResponse
So:kNSk(dog)kpairedkwithkUSk(barking)k=kURk(startlekresponse).
Afterkrepeatedkpairings,kNSkbecomekCS:kCSk(Dog)k=kCRk(startlekresponse).
5. Inkgroupktherapykaktherapistkmeetskwithkakgroupkofkclientskwhokallkhaveksimilarkproblems.kT
hekmemberskofkthekgroupksharekproblemskandkinsights,kbuildkskills,kandkdevelopkfeelingsko
fkself-
worth.kAnkexamplekofkakgroupktherapykmeetingkmightkbekaktherapistkwhokiskleadingkak"depr
essionkgroup."kInkthiskgroup,kallkthekmemberskwouldkbekstrugglingkwithkdepression,kandkso
mekmaykbekatkdifferentkpointskofkchallengekorkeffectivekcoping.kItkiskassumedkthatkthekthera
pistkwouldkhelpktokleadkthekclientskinkeffectivekcoping,kencouragekthemktoksharekinsightskan
dkstrategies,kandkhelpktokfacilitatekthekgroupkaskwellkaskofferkguidancekforktreatment.
Inkfamilyktherapy,kaktherapistkmeetskwithkallkmemberskofkthekfamilyktogether,kpointskoutkpro
blemkbehaviorskandkinteractions,kandkhelpskthekwholekfamilyktokchange.kThekentirekfamilyki
skseenkaskthekunitkforktreatment,kevenkifkonlykonekmemberkhaskakformalkdiagnosis.kOnekexam
plekmightkinvolvekaktherapistkmeetingkwithkakclient—
whokiskstrugglingkwithkschizophrenia—
andkhiskfamily.kHiskfamilykpersistentlykcallskhimk"lazy"kbecausekhekiskunablektokwork.kThekt
herapistkmightkeducatekthekfamilykaboutkthekillnesskbutkalsokdiscusskmorekhelpfulkinteractio
ns,kproblemkbehaviors,kandkwayskinkwhichkthekfamilykcouldkfunctionkbetterkaskakunit.
Inkcouplektherapyk(sometimeskcalledk"maritalktherapy,"kalthoughkitkcankbekforkunmarriedkc
ouples,ksame-
sexkcouples,ketc.),kaktherapistkworkskwithktwokindividualskwhokarekinkakrelationship,koftenk
focusingkonkthekcommunicationkpatternskwithinkthekdynamic.kInkonekexample,ksaykthatkSa
muelkandkhiskpartnerkToddkarekstrugglingkwithkwhetherkorknotktokhavekakchild,kandktheykar
ekcurrentlyknotkspeaking.kBothkindividualskmightkconsultkakcouplesktherapistktokimprovekc
ommunicationkpatterns,kmorekeffectivelykaddresskproblems,kandkmovekaheadkwithkbetterk
strategieskforkhandlingkstressorskinkthekfuture.
6. Communitykmentalkhealthkwaskcreatedktokprovidekprogramsktokallowkclients,kparticularlykt
hosekwithkseverekmentalkhealthkissues,ktokreceivektreatmentkinkfamiliark(andklocal)ksurroun
dings.kAkkeykcomponentkofkcommunitykmentalkhealthkiskprevention,kwhichkinvolveskclini
cianskreachingkoutkintokthekcommunitykratherkthankwaitingkforkclientsktokcomektokthem.kCo
mmunitykmentalkhealthkadvocateskaccomplishkpreventionkinkthreekcomponentskofkprimar
y,ksecondary,kandktertiarykprevention,kallkofkwhichkattemptkto
Pagek4
mynursytest.store
k k k k k k k k k k
on Comer k
1. Discusskhowkthekhumanistic-
existentialkmodelkandkthekbiologicalkmodelkdifferkinktheirkunderstandingkofkcauseskofkab
normality.
2. Whatkareksomekadvantageskandkdisadvantageskofkusingkdrugskinkpsychotherapy?
3. Ifkakfriendkofkyourskneededktreatmentkforkdepression,kwhatkwouldkbekadvantageskandkd
isadvantageskofkyourkfriendkreceivingkeitherkpsychodynamicktherapykorkcognitivekthe
rapy?kWhichkofkthesekalternativeskwouldkyoukrecommendktokyourkfriend?
4. Howkwouldkthekbehavioralkmodelkexplainkhowkakpersonkacquiredkankabnormalkfearkofkd
ogs?
5. Describekgroupktherapy,kfamilyktherapy,kandkcouplektherapy.kDiscusskwhatkeachkentailska
ndkgivekankexamplekforkeach.
6. Onekuniquekpartkofktheksocioculturalkmodelkiskthek"communityktreatment"kaspect,kakkeykco
mponentkofkwhichkiskprevention.kHowkdokcommunityktreatmentkadvocateskaccomplishkpre
vention?
7. Definekprimary,ksecondary,kandktertiarykprevention.kProvidekankexamplekofkeach.
8. Discusskthekreasonskthatkculture-
sensitivektherapykarosekandkthekchallengeskitkseeksktokaddress.
9. Describekthekoriginskofkabnormalitykaccordingktokanykthreekofkthesekmodels:ksociocultura
l,kpsychodynamic,kbehavioral,kcognitive,khumanistic-existential,kbiological.
10. Explainkthekbiopsychosocialkapproachktokunderstandingkthekcauseskofkabnormality.kProv
idekankexamplekofkhowkthiskapproachkmightkbekappliedktokthekcauseskofkdepression.
11. Manykclinicianskviewktheirkapproachkask"eclectic."kWhatkiskankeclectickapproachktoka
bnormality?kDescribekatkleastkonekexamplekofkankeclectickapproachktokabnormality.
12. First,kdefineknutraceuticals.kThenkcomparekthemkwithkconventionalkmedications.
Pagek1
mynursytest.store
,DOWNLOAD THE Test Bank for Fundamentals of Abnormal Psychology 8th Editi
k k k k k k k k k k
on Comer k
13. Explainkthekthreekcentralkforceskthatkshapekpersonality,kaccordingktokFreud.
14. Explainkhowkcognitivektheoristskexplainkabnormalkbehavior.
15. Comparekandkcontrastkthekdifferentkformskofkcybertherapy.
Pagek2
mynursytest.store
,DOWNLOAD THE Test Bank for Fundamentals of Abnormal Psychology 8th Editi
k k k k k k k k k k
on Comer k
Answer Key
k
1. Biologicalktheoristskadoptkakmedicalkperspectivekandkbelievekthatkabnormalkbehaviorkiskth
ekresultkofkphysicalkmalfunctioning.kTheoristskofkthiskperspectivekoftenkfocuskonkbrainkan
atomy,kbrainkchemistry,kgenetics,khormones,korkotherkphysiologicalkmalfunctions.k Thekh
umanistic-existentialkmodelkbelieveskthatkdysfunctionkiskthekresultkofkself-
deceitkorkthekavoidancekofkresponsibility.kHumanistskbelievekthatkhumanskarekdrivenkto
self-
actualize,kandkwhenkthiskdrivekiskinterferedkwith,kdysfunctionkcankresult.kExistentialistskb
elievekthatkabnormalkbehaviorkstemskfromkhidingkfromklife'skresponsibilitieskandkencoura
gekindividualsktokacceptkresponsibilitykforktheirkliveskandktokrecognizekthekfreedomktheykh
avektokleadkaklifektheykchoosekwithkgreaterkmeaningktokthem.
2. Thekadvantagesktokusingkpsychotropickdrugskaskpartkofkaktreatmentkplankarekthatkmedicatio
nkhaskgreatlykchangedkthekoutlookkforkmanykpeoplekwithkdisorderskwhokmaykhavekhadknok
hopekofktreatmentkinkthekpast.kPeoplekwithkillnessesklikekschizophrenia,kwhichkmayknotkbek
responsivektoktherapykwithoutkmedicationkstabilization,kareknowkbetterkablektokfindktreatm
ent,kandkindividualskhavekgreaterkhopekofkakbetterkqualitykofklifekandksymptomkmanageme
nt.kAnotherkadvantagektokmedicationkiskthatkoftenkthekmedicationskworkkquicklyktokbringks
ymptomkreliefkwhilekdeeperkandkmorekcomplexkissueskarekbeingktargetedkinktalkktherapy.k
Thiskhelpskindividualskreturnktokmeaningfulkworkksoonerkandkhavekimprovedkfunctioningk
onkakfasterktimeline.
Therekarekalsokdisadvantagesktokpsychotropickmedications.kThektextkreportskthatkmanykpeo
plekbelievekthatkmedicationskarekoverusedkandkthatktheykdoknotkhelpkeveryone.kThosekwhoka
rekprescribedkmedicationskmightkhavekbeenkbestkservedkinktheklongktermkwithktherapeutickin
terventions,kandkperhapskthoseknotkhelpedkbykmedicationskdoknotkseekkotherkpsychotropickal
ternatives.
Ideally,kmedicationskarekbestkusedkinkcombinationkwithkotherktypeskofktherapy.
3. Onekadvantagektokpsychodynamicktherapykiskthatkpsychologicalkconflict,kitskfocus,kiskakco
mmonkexperience.kHowever,kthekpsychodynamickmodelkhaskmanykshortcomings.kPsycho
dynamickmodelskhavekreceivedklimitedkresearchksupportkoverkthekyears,kalthoughksomekre
searchksuggestskthatklong-
termkpsychodynamicktherapykmaykbekhelpfulkforkpeoplekwithklong-
termkcomplexkdisordersk(fromkwhichkmykfriendkdoesknotksuffer).kThiskiskalsoksomewhatkn
egative.kInkthekagekofkmanagedkhealthkcare,kwhokwouldkpaykforksuchklong-
termkcarekifkshorterkmodelskofkgreaterkeffectivenesskwerekavailable?
Thekcognitivekmodelkalsokhaskbenefitskandkdisadvantages.kOnekdisadvantagekiskthatkitskbas
ickpremise—thatkdysfunctionalkthinkingkdriveskabnormalkfunctioning—
maykbekmisleading.kItkmaykbekthatkdysfunctionalkthinkingkisksimplykakresultkofkthekabnorm
alitykandknotkakforcekthatkdriveskit.kOtherskhavekarguedkthatkthekcognitivekmodelkisktooklimit
ingkandkthatkhumankbeingskarekmorekthanksimplyktheksumkofktheirkthoughts.kHowever,kanka
dvantagekofkcognitivektherapykiskthatkitkdoeskhaveksignificantkresearchksupportkforkitskeffec
tivenesskinktreatingkakvarietykofkafflictions.
IfkIkhadkakfriendkwhokneededktreatmentkforkdepression,kIkwouldklookktokthektherapykthatkh
askbeenkprovenkscientificallyktokbenefitkmykfriend'skparticularkdisorder.kThekcognitivekm
odelkhaskbeenkprovenkverykeffectivekforktreatingkdepression.
4. Thekbehavioralkmodelkwouldkexplainkthekacquisitionkofkankabnormalkfearkofkdogskinkakn
umberkofkways.kThekfirstkwaykiskthroughkmodeling.kInkmodeling,kindividualsklearn
Pagek3
mynursytest.store
, DOWNLOAD THE Test Bank for Fundamentals of Abnormal Psychology 8th Editi
k k k k k k k k k k
on Comer k
responsesksimplykbykobservingkotherkindividualskandkrepeatingktheirkbehaviors.kSo,kforkexa
mple,kifkakparentkwaskafraidkofkdogskandkwalkingkwithkthekchildkinkthekpark,kthekchildkwouldk
watchkaskthekparentkrecoilskinkfearkofkankoncomingkoff-
leashkdogkandklaterkrepeatkthekparent'skbehavior.
Anotherkwaykinkwhichkthekbehavioralkmodelkwouldkexplainkthekacquisitionkofkthekfearkiskt
hroughkclassicalkconditioning.kSo,kforkexample,kevenkifkakdogkbegankaskakneutralkstimulus,
kifkthekdogkbarkskloudlykinkthekfacekofkakperson,kthekpersonkmaykbeginktokhavekakstartlekresp
onsekeveryktimekhekorkshekencounterskthekdogkbecausekthatkneutralkstimuluskbecomeskakco
nditionedkone.
Inkthisksituation,kthekclassicalkconditioningkmightkbestkbekchartedkinkthiskway:k
NSk=kNeutralkStimuli
USk=kUnconditionedkStimulikC
Sk=kConditionedkStimuli
URk=kUnconditionedkResponsekC
Rk=kConditionedkResponse
So:kNSk(dog)kpairedkwithkUSk(barking)k=kURk(startlekresponse).
Afterkrepeatedkpairings,kNSkbecomekCS:kCSk(Dog)k=kCRk(startlekresponse).
5. Inkgroupktherapykaktherapistkmeetskwithkakgroupkofkclientskwhokallkhaveksimilarkproblems.kT
hekmemberskofkthekgroupksharekproblemskandkinsights,kbuildkskills,kandkdevelopkfeelingsko
fkself-
worth.kAnkexamplekofkakgroupktherapykmeetingkmightkbekaktherapistkwhokiskleadingkak"depr
essionkgroup."kInkthiskgroup,kallkthekmemberskwouldkbekstrugglingkwithkdepression,kandkso
mekmaykbekatkdifferentkpointskofkchallengekorkeffectivekcoping.kItkiskassumedkthatkthekthera
pistkwouldkhelpktokleadkthekclientskinkeffectivekcoping,kencouragekthemktoksharekinsightskan
dkstrategies,kandkhelpktokfacilitatekthekgroupkaskwellkaskofferkguidancekforktreatment.
Inkfamilyktherapy,kaktherapistkmeetskwithkallkmemberskofkthekfamilyktogether,kpointskoutkpro
blemkbehaviorskandkinteractions,kandkhelpskthekwholekfamilyktokchange.kThekentirekfamilyki
skseenkaskthekunitkforktreatment,kevenkifkonlykonekmemberkhaskakformalkdiagnosis.kOnekexam
plekmightkinvolvekaktherapistkmeetingkwithkakclient—
whokiskstrugglingkwithkschizophrenia—
andkhiskfamily.kHiskfamilykpersistentlykcallskhimk"lazy"kbecausekhekiskunablektokwork.kThekt
herapistkmightkeducatekthekfamilykaboutkthekillnesskbutkalsokdiscusskmorekhelpfulkinteractio
ns,kproblemkbehaviors,kandkwayskinkwhichkthekfamilykcouldkfunctionkbetterkaskakunit.
Inkcouplektherapyk(sometimeskcalledk"maritalktherapy,"kalthoughkitkcankbekforkunmarriedkc
ouples,ksame-
sexkcouples,ketc.),kaktherapistkworkskwithktwokindividualskwhokarekinkakrelationship,koftenk
focusingkonkthekcommunicationkpatternskwithinkthekdynamic.kInkonekexample,ksaykthatkSa
muelkandkhiskpartnerkToddkarekstrugglingkwithkwhetherkorknotktokhavekakchild,kandktheykar
ekcurrentlyknotkspeaking.kBothkindividualskmightkconsultkakcouplesktherapistktokimprovekc
ommunicationkpatterns,kmorekeffectivelykaddresskproblems,kandkmovekaheadkwithkbetterk
strategieskforkhandlingkstressorskinkthekfuture.
6. Communitykmentalkhealthkwaskcreatedktokprovidekprogramsktokallowkclients,kparticularlykt
hosekwithkseverekmentalkhealthkissues,ktokreceivektreatmentkinkfamiliark(andklocal)ksurroun
dings.kAkkeykcomponentkofkcommunitykmentalkhealthkiskprevention,kwhichkinvolveskclini
cianskreachingkoutkintokthekcommunitykratherkthankwaitingkforkclientsktokcomektokthem.kCo
mmunitykmentalkhealthkadvocateskaccomplishkpreventionkinkthreekcomponentskofkprimar
y,ksecondary,kandktertiarykprevention,kallkofkwhichkattemptkto
Pagek4
mynursytest.store
