WGU D236 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OA EXAM 2 TESTBANK COMPLETE 180 ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS (100 CORRECT VERIFIED SOLUTIONS)

WGU D236 pathophysiology Exam
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With 100% verified ans
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wers-
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,WGU D236 pathophysiology Exam
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-Study Guide-With 100% verified u u u




answers-
Latest Updated 2024 uu u




WGU D236 pathophysiology Exam - u u u u




Study Guide-With 100% verified answers-
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2022- 2023 u




Patho OA Study Guide u u u




1. What is Starling's Law of Capillary forces? How does this exp
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lain why a nutritionally deficient child would have edema?
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Starling’suLawudescribesuhowufluidsumoveuacrossutheucapillaryumembrane.uThereuare
utwoumajoruopposinguforcesuthatuactutoubalanceueachuother,uhydrostaticupressureu(pushingu
wateruoutuofutheucapillaries)uanduosmoticupressureu(includinguonconticupressure,uwhichupus
hesufluiduintoutheucapillaries).uBothuelectrolytesuanduproteinsu(onconticupressure)uinutheubl
ooduaffectuosmoticupressure,uhighuelectrolyteuanduproteinuconcentrationsuinutheublooduwou
lducauseuwaterutouleaveutheucellsuanduinterstitialuspaceuanduenterutheubloodustreamutoudilut
eutheuhighuconcentrations.uOn,utheuotheruhand,ulowuelectrolyteuanduproteinuconcentrations
u(asuseenuinuaunutritionallyudeficientuchild)uwoulducauseuwaterutouleaveutheucapillariesuandu

enterutheucellsuanduinterstitialufluiduwhichucanuleadutouedema.

2. How does the RAAS (Renin-Angiotensin-
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Aldosterone System) result in increased blood volume and incre
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ased blood pressure?
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Audropuinubloodupressureuisusensedubyutheukidneysubyulowuperfusion,uwhichuinuturnub
eginsutousecreteurenin.uReninuthenutriggersutheuliverutouproduceuangiotensinogen,uwhichuisu
convertedutouAngiotensinuIuinutheulungsuanduthenuangiotensinuIIubyutheuenzymeuAngiotensin
-
convertinguenzymeu(ACE).uAngiotensinuIIustimulatesuperipheraluarterialuvasoconstrictionu
whichuraisesuBP.uAngiotensinuIIuisualsoustimulatingutheuadrenaluglandutoureleaseualdosteron
e,uwhichuactsutouincreaseusodiumuanduwaterureabsorptionuincreasingublooduvolume,uwhileu
alsouincreasedupotassiumusecretionuinuurine.


3. How can hyperkalemia lead to cardiac arrest?
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Normalulevelsuofupotassiumuareubetweenu3.5uandu5.2umEq/dL.uHyperkalemiaurefersut
oupotassiumulevelsuhigheruthatu5.2umEq/dL.uAumajorufunctionuofupotassiumuisutouconductune
rveuimpulsesuinumuscles.u Tooulowu andu muscleu weaknessu occursuandutooumuchucanucauseum
uscleuspasms.uThisuisuespeciallyudangerousuinutheuheartumuscleuanduanuirregularuheartbeatu
canucauseuauheartuattack.

4. The body uses the Protein Buffering System, Phosphate
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Buffering System, and Carbonic Acid-
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Bicarbonate System to regulate and maintain homeostatic pH, w
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hat is the consequence of a pH imbalance?
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ProteinsucontainumanyuacidicuandubasicugrouputhatucanubeuaffectedubyupHuchanges
.uAnyuincreaseuorudecreaseuinubloodupHucanualterutheustructureuofutheuproteinu(denature),u
therebyuaffectinguitsufunctionuasuwell.
5. Describe the laboratory findings associated with metabolic
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acidosis, metabolic alkalosis, respiratory acidosis and respirator
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y alkalosis. (ie relative pH and CO2 levels).
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