BCHM270 F21 M05 BL on Q Companion Guide
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Biochemical Basis of Health and Disease (Queen's University)
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,BCHMg270gF21
BIOCHEMICALg BASISg OFg HEALTHg ANDg DISEASE
MODULE 05 g
LIPID METABOLISM
g
Pleasegnote:gThisgcoursegwasgdesignedgtogbeginteractedgandgengagedgwithgusin
ggthegonlinegmodules.gThisgModulegCompaniongGuidegisgagresource gcreatedgto
gcomplement gthe gonline gslides. gIf gthere gis ga gdiscrepancy gbetween gthis
guideg andg theg onlineg module,gpleaseg referg tog theg module.
HowgcangyoughelpgprotectgthegintegritygandgqualitygofgyourgQueen’s
Universityg course?
Dognotgdistribute gthisgModulegCompanion gGuidegtoganygstudentsgwhogaregnotg
enrolledgingBgCHMg270gFg21gasgitgisgagdirectgviolationgofgthegAcademicgIntegrity
gPolicygofgQueen’sgUniversity.gStudentsgfoundgingviolationgcangfacegsanctions.
Forgmoreginformation, gpleasegvisitghttps://www.queensu.ca/academic-
g calendar/health-sciences/bhsc/
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, MODULE 05 COMPANION GUIDE
g g g BCHMg270:gF21
g TABLEgOFg CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................................................ 6
A. Moduleg 05:g Lipidg Metabolism .............................................................................................................................. 6
B. Introduction ........................................................................................................................................................... 7
C. Learningg Outcomes............................................................................................................................................... 9
D. Moduleg Assignments.......................................................................................................................................... 10
D.1 Moduleg 5g Homeworkg Assignments .......................................................................................................... 11
D.2 Moduleg 5g Groupg Discussiong Assignment ................................................................................................ 12
E. Moduleg Outline .................................................................................................................................................... 13
SECTIONg 01:g Introductiong tog Lipids:g Structureg andg Function .............................................................................. 14
1.1 Sectiong 01:g Introductiong tog Lipids:g Structureg andg Function ...................................................................... 14
1.2 Lipids ................................................................................................................................................................... 15
1.3 Structureg ofg Lipids ............................................................................................................................................ 16
1.4 Structureg ofg Fattyg Acids ................................................................................................................................... 18
1.5 ThegSizegofgFattygAcidsg(FgAs).......................................................................................................................... 19
1.6 Saturatesg Versusg Unsaturatedg Fattyg Acids .................................................................................................. 20
1.7 CisgVersusg Transg Doubleg Bonds ..................................................................................................................... 21
1.8 Nomenclatureg ofg Fattyg Acids .......................................................................................................................... 23
1.9 Theg Nomenclatureg ofg Fattyg Acids .................................................................................................................. 24
1.10 EssentialgFattygAcids....................................................................................................................................... 25
1.11 Ag Closerg Look:g Commong Fattyg Acids .......................................................................................................... 26
1.12 Triacylglycerides .............................................................................................................................................. 28
1.13 Phospholipids ................................................................................................................................................... 29
1.14 ClassesgofgPhospholipids................................................................................................................................ 30
1.15 Ag Closerg Look:g Examplesg ofg Phosphplipidg Structures.............................................................................. 31
1.16 Eicosanoids ...................................................................................................................................................... 32
1.17 Cholesterol ....................................................................................................................................................... 33
1.18 Steroidg Hormones ........................................................................................................................................... 34
1.19 Sortg Lipidsg Byg Theirg Functiong org Property .................................................................................................. 35
SECTIONg02:gDigestiongofgDietarygLipids ................................................................................................................. 37
2.1 Sectiong 02:g Digestiong ofg Dietaryg Lpids.......................................................................................................... 37
2.2 Dietaryg Lipids ..................................................................................................................................................... 38
2.3 Digestiong ofg Dietaryg Lipids.............................................................................................................................. 39
BIOCHEMCALgBASISgOFgHEALTHgANDgDISEASEg |g BCHMg270gM05 PAGEg1
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, MODULE 05 COMPANION GUIDE
g g g BCHMg270:gF21
2.4 Mouthg andg Stomach......................................................................................................................................... 40
2.5 Intestines ............................................................................................................................................................. 41
2.6 ThegProcessgofgEmulsification ......................................................................................................................... 42
2.7 Emulsificationg ofg Dietaryg Lipidsg ing theg Smallg Intestine............................................................................... 43
2.8 Pancreas ............................................................................................................................................................. 44
2.8.1 Ag Closerg Look:g Hormonalg Controlg ofg Dietaryg Lipidg Digestion ........................................................... 45
2.9 Absorptiong ofg Lipidsg byg Intestinalg Epithelialg Cells ..................................................................................... 46
2.10 Chylomicrong Formationg ing theg Intestinalg Enterocyte ............................................................................... 47
2.11 Destinationsg forg Dietaryg Lipidsg ing theg Body .............................................................................................. 48
2.12 Spotlightg ong Disease:g Lipidg Malabsorption ................................................................................................. 49
2.13 Spotlightgong Disease:g Causesg andg Consequencesg ofg Cysticg Fibrosis ................................................... 50
2.14 Spotlightg ong Disease:g Damageg Cuasedg byg Cysticg Fibrosisg andg Treatment .......................................... 51
2.15 Reviewg Activity:g ProcessesgofgLipidg Digestion ............................................................................................ 52
2.16 Digestiong ofg Dietaryg Lipidsg Summary ......................................................................................................... 53
SECTIONg03:gFattygAcidgDegradation ........................................................................................................................ 54
3.1 Sectiong 03:g Fattyg Acidg Degradationg (1) ......................................................................................................... 54
3.2 Fattyg Acidg Degradationg (2) .............................................................................................................................. 55
3.3 Fattyg Acidg Degradationg (3) .............................................................................................................................. 56
3.4 Stepg1:gReleasegofgFattygAcidsgforgTgAgG....................................................................................................... 57
3.5 Fg Fg AgandgGlycerolgaregReleasedg ingtog theg Blood ........................................................................................ 58
3.6 Stepg 2:g Activationg andg Transportg ofg Fattyg Acids ......................................................................................... 59
3.7 Stepg 3:g B-Oxidationg ofg Fattyg Acids................................................................................................................. 60
3.8 Acetyl-CogAgEntersgthegTgCgAgCycle ................................................................................................................ 61
3.9 Theg Totalg Yieldg forg Eachg B-Oxidationg Step................................................................................................... 62
3.10 Energyg Yieldg fromg B-Oxidationg ofg Palmiticg Acid ....................................................................................... 63
3.11 EquationgforgthegEnergygYieldgofgB-Oxidation ........................................................................................... 64
3.11.1 AgClosergLook:gSpecialgCasesgofg-Oxidation ...................................................................................... 65
3.12 Overview ........................................................................................................................................................... 66
SECTIONg04:gFattygAcidgSynthesis ............................................................................................................................. 67
4.1 Sectiong04:g Fattyg AcidgSynthesisg(1) .............................................................................................................. 67
4.2 FattygAcidgSynthesisg(2).................................................................................................................................... 68
4.3 FattygAcidgSynthesisg(3).................................................................................................................................... 69
4.4 FattygAcidgSynthesisg Overview ........................................................................................................................ 70
BIOCHEMCALgBASISgOFgHEALTHgANDgDISEASEg |g BCHMg270gM05 PAGEg2
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g g g g g g g
Biochemical Basis of Health and Disease (Queen's University)
g g g g g g g
StuDocugisgnotgsponsoredgorgendorsedgbyganygcollegegorguniversity
Downloadedgbyg????g ()
,BCHMg270gF21
BIOCHEMICALg BASISg OFg HEALTHg ANDg DISEASE
MODULE 05 g
LIPID METABOLISM
g
Pleasegnote:gThisgcoursegwasgdesignedgtogbeginteractedgandgengagedgwithgusin
ggthegonlinegmodules.gThisgModulegCompaniongGuidegisgagresource gcreatedgto
gcomplement gthe gonline gslides. gIf gthere gis ga gdiscrepancy gbetween gthis
guideg andg theg onlineg module,gpleaseg referg tog theg module.
HowgcangyoughelpgprotectgthegintegritygandgqualitygofgyourgQueen’s
Universityg course?
Dognotgdistribute gthisgModulegCompanion gGuidegtoganygstudentsgwhogaregnotg
enrolledgingBgCHMg270gFg21gasgitgisgagdirectgviolationgofgthegAcademicgIntegrity
gPolicygofgQueen’sgUniversity.gStudentsgfoundgingviolationgcangfacegsanctions.
Forgmoreginformation, gpleasegvisitghttps://www.queensu.ca/academic-
g calendar/health-sciences/bhsc/
Downloadedgbyg????g ()
, MODULE 05 COMPANION GUIDE
g g g BCHMg270:gF21
g TABLEgOFg CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................................................ 6
A. Moduleg 05:g Lipidg Metabolism .............................................................................................................................. 6
B. Introduction ........................................................................................................................................................... 7
C. Learningg Outcomes............................................................................................................................................... 9
D. Moduleg Assignments.......................................................................................................................................... 10
D.1 Moduleg 5g Homeworkg Assignments .......................................................................................................... 11
D.2 Moduleg 5g Groupg Discussiong Assignment ................................................................................................ 12
E. Moduleg Outline .................................................................................................................................................... 13
SECTIONg 01:g Introductiong tog Lipids:g Structureg andg Function .............................................................................. 14
1.1 Sectiong 01:g Introductiong tog Lipids:g Structureg andg Function ...................................................................... 14
1.2 Lipids ................................................................................................................................................................... 15
1.3 Structureg ofg Lipids ............................................................................................................................................ 16
1.4 Structureg ofg Fattyg Acids ................................................................................................................................... 18
1.5 ThegSizegofgFattygAcidsg(FgAs).......................................................................................................................... 19
1.6 Saturatesg Versusg Unsaturatedg Fattyg Acids .................................................................................................. 20
1.7 CisgVersusg Transg Doubleg Bonds ..................................................................................................................... 21
1.8 Nomenclatureg ofg Fattyg Acids .......................................................................................................................... 23
1.9 Theg Nomenclatureg ofg Fattyg Acids .................................................................................................................. 24
1.10 EssentialgFattygAcids....................................................................................................................................... 25
1.11 Ag Closerg Look:g Commong Fattyg Acids .......................................................................................................... 26
1.12 Triacylglycerides .............................................................................................................................................. 28
1.13 Phospholipids ................................................................................................................................................... 29
1.14 ClassesgofgPhospholipids................................................................................................................................ 30
1.15 Ag Closerg Look:g Examplesg ofg Phosphplipidg Structures.............................................................................. 31
1.16 Eicosanoids ...................................................................................................................................................... 32
1.17 Cholesterol ....................................................................................................................................................... 33
1.18 Steroidg Hormones ........................................................................................................................................... 34
1.19 Sortg Lipidsg Byg Theirg Functiong org Property .................................................................................................. 35
SECTIONg02:gDigestiongofgDietarygLipids ................................................................................................................. 37
2.1 Sectiong 02:g Digestiong ofg Dietaryg Lpids.......................................................................................................... 37
2.2 Dietaryg Lipids ..................................................................................................................................................... 38
2.3 Digestiong ofg Dietaryg Lipids.............................................................................................................................. 39
BIOCHEMCALgBASISgOFgHEALTHgANDgDISEASEg |g BCHMg270gM05 PAGEg1
Downloadedgbyg????g ()
, MODULE 05 COMPANION GUIDE
g g g BCHMg270:gF21
2.4 Mouthg andg Stomach......................................................................................................................................... 40
2.5 Intestines ............................................................................................................................................................. 41
2.6 ThegProcessgofgEmulsification ......................................................................................................................... 42
2.7 Emulsificationg ofg Dietaryg Lipidsg ing theg Smallg Intestine............................................................................... 43
2.8 Pancreas ............................................................................................................................................................. 44
2.8.1 Ag Closerg Look:g Hormonalg Controlg ofg Dietaryg Lipidg Digestion ........................................................... 45
2.9 Absorptiong ofg Lipidsg byg Intestinalg Epithelialg Cells ..................................................................................... 46
2.10 Chylomicrong Formationg ing theg Intestinalg Enterocyte ............................................................................... 47
2.11 Destinationsg forg Dietaryg Lipidsg ing theg Body .............................................................................................. 48
2.12 Spotlightg ong Disease:g Lipidg Malabsorption ................................................................................................. 49
2.13 Spotlightgong Disease:g Causesg andg Consequencesg ofg Cysticg Fibrosis ................................................... 50
2.14 Spotlightg ong Disease:g Damageg Cuasedg byg Cysticg Fibrosisg andg Treatment .......................................... 51
2.15 Reviewg Activity:g ProcessesgofgLipidg Digestion ............................................................................................ 52
2.16 Digestiong ofg Dietaryg Lipidsg Summary ......................................................................................................... 53
SECTIONg03:gFattygAcidgDegradation ........................................................................................................................ 54
3.1 Sectiong 03:g Fattyg Acidg Degradationg (1) ......................................................................................................... 54
3.2 Fattyg Acidg Degradationg (2) .............................................................................................................................. 55
3.3 Fattyg Acidg Degradationg (3) .............................................................................................................................. 56
3.4 Stepg1:gReleasegofgFattygAcidsgforgTgAgG....................................................................................................... 57
3.5 Fg Fg AgandgGlycerolgaregReleasedg ingtog theg Blood ........................................................................................ 58
3.6 Stepg 2:g Activationg andg Transportg ofg Fattyg Acids ......................................................................................... 59
3.7 Stepg 3:g B-Oxidationg ofg Fattyg Acids................................................................................................................. 60
3.8 Acetyl-CogAgEntersgthegTgCgAgCycle ................................................................................................................ 61
3.9 Theg Totalg Yieldg forg Eachg B-Oxidationg Step................................................................................................... 62
3.10 Energyg Yieldg fromg B-Oxidationg ofg Palmiticg Acid ....................................................................................... 63
3.11 EquationgforgthegEnergygYieldgofgB-Oxidation ........................................................................................... 64
3.11.1 AgClosergLook:gSpecialgCasesgofg-Oxidation ...................................................................................... 65
3.12 Overview ........................................................................................................................................................... 66
SECTIONg04:gFattygAcidgSynthesis ............................................................................................................................. 67
4.1 Sectiong04:g Fattyg AcidgSynthesisg(1) .............................................................................................................. 67
4.2 FattygAcidgSynthesisg(2).................................................................................................................................... 68
4.3 FattygAcidgSynthesisg(3).................................................................................................................................... 69
4.4 FattygAcidgSynthesisg Overview ........................................................................................................................ 70
BIOCHEMCALgBASISgOFgHEALTHgANDgDISEASEg |g BCHMg270gM05 PAGEg2
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