PSYC 3120- exam 1 questions well
answered to pass
Physical development - correct answer ✔✔development involving the body's physical makeup,
including the brain, nervous system, muscles, and senses, and the need for food, drink, and
sleep
Cognitive development - correct answer ✔✔development involving the ways that growth and
change in intellectual capabilities influence a person's behavior
-examine learning, memory, problem-solving skills, and intelligence
Personality development - correct answer ✔✔development involving the ways that the
enduring characteristics that differentiate one person from another change over the life span
Social Development - correct answer ✔✔the way in which individuals interactions with others
and their social relationships grow, change, and remain stable over the course of their life
Nature vs. nurture controversy - correct answer ✔✔nature- refers to traits, abilities, and
capacities that are inherited from one's parents. It encompasses any factor that is produced by
the predetermined unfolding of genetic information-known as maturation.
nurture- refers to the environmental influences that shape behavior (if a pregnant mother does
cocaine; how parents disciple their kids; peer pressure)
Normative age graded influences - correct answer ✔✔biological and environmental influences
that are similar for individualist a particular age group, regardless of when and where they are
raised
ex. menopause
,Normative socio-cultural influences - correct answer ✔✔the social and cultural factors present
at a particular time for a particular individual, depending on such variables as ethnicity, social
class, and subcultural membership.
ex. will be different for white and affluent children than children in minorities living poverty
history graded influences - correct answer ✔✔biological and environmental influences
associated with a particular historical moment.
ex. being in NY during the 9/11 attack
non-normative influences - correct answer ✔✔specific, atypical events that occur in a person's
life at a time when such events do not happen to most people
ex. if a six year olds parents die in a traumatic car accident
Bronfenbrenner's ecological systems theory - correct answer ✔✔the bioecological systems
perspective: suggests that different levels of the environment simultaneously influence
individuals. There are 5 levels and we cannot understand an development without considering
all the levels.
1. the microsystem: the everyday, immediate environment in which children lead their daily
lives. Homes, caregivers, friends, teachers. The children actively help construct the microsystem
and this is where the most traditional work in child development has been directed.
2. the mesosystem: connections between the various aspects of the microsystem. Like links in a
chain
3. the ecosystem: broader influences and encompasses societal institutions like local
government, the community, schools, places of worship, and the local media.
4. the macrosystem: society in general, types of governments, religious and political value
systems, and larger and more broad factors
5. the chronosystem: underlies each of the previous systems. It involves the way the passage of
time, including historical events and more gradual historical changes
, -criticism: that is pays too little attention to biological factors
Cohort - correct answer ✔✔a group of people for at around the same time in the same place
Naturalistic observation - correct answer ✔✔a type of correlational study in which some
naturally occurring behavior is observed without intervention in the situation
Case study - correct answer ✔✔involves extensive, in depth interviews wth a particular
individual or small group of individuals
survey research - correct answer ✔✔a group of people are chosen to represent some larger
population are asked questions about their attitudes, behavior, or thinking on a given topic
psychophysiological methods - correct answer ✔✔focuses on the relationship between
physiological process and behavior
-EEG
-CAT scan
-fMRI
correlational study - correct answer ✔✔research that seeks to identify whether an association
or relationship between two facts exists
experimental design - correct answer ✔✔an investigator, or experimenter, devises two different
experiences for participates and then studies and compares the outcomes
independent variable - correct answer ✔✔the variable that researchers manipulate in an
experiment
answered to pass
Physical development - correct answer ✔✔development involving the body's physical makeup,
including the brain, nervous system, muscles, and senses, and the need for food, drink, and
sleep
Cognitive development - correct answer ✔✔development involving the ways that growth and
change in intellectual capabilities influence a person's behavior
-examine learning, memory, problem-solving skills, and intelligence
Personality development - correct answer ✔✔development involving the ways that the
enduring characteristics that differentiate one person from another change over the life span
Social Development - correct answer ✔✔the way in which individuals interactions with others
and their social relationships grow, change, and remain stable over the course of their life
Nature vs. nurture controversy - correct answer ✔✔nature- refers to traits, abilities, and
capacities that are inherited from one's parents. It encompasses any factor that is produced by
the predetermined unfolding of genetic information-known as maturation.
nurture- refers to the environmental influences that shape behavior (if a pregnant mother does
cocaine; how parents disciple their kids; peer pressure)
Normative age graded influences - correct answer ✔✔biological and environmental influences
that are similar for individualist a particular age group, regardless of when and where they are
raised
ex. menopause
,Normative socio-cultural influences - correct answer ✔✔the social and cultural factors present
at a particular time for a particular individual, depending on such variables as ethnicity, social
class, and subcultural membership.
ex. will be different for white and affluent children than children in minorities living poverty
history graded influences - correct answer ✔✔biological and environmental influences
associated with a particular historical moment.
ex. being in NY during the 9/11 attack
non-normative influences - correct answer ✔✔specific, atypical events that occur in a person's
life at a time when such events do not happen to most people
ex. if a six year olds parents die in a traumatic car accident
Bronfenbrenner's ecological systems theory - correct answer ✔✔the bioecological systems
perspective: suggests that different levels of the environment simultaneously influence
individuals. There are 5 levels and we cannot understand an development without considering
all the levels.
1. the microsystem: the everyday, immediate environment in which children lead their daily
lives. Homes, caregivers, friends, teachers. The children actively help construct the microsystem
and this is where the most traditional work in child development has been directed.
2. the mesosystem: connections between the various aspects of the microsystem. Like links in a
chain
3. the ecosystem: broader influences and encompasses societal institutions like local
government, the community, schools, places of worship, and the local media.
4. the macrosystem: society in general, types of governments, religious and political value
systems, and larger and more broad factors
5. the chronosystem: underlies each of the previous systems. It involves the way the passage of
time, including historical events and more gradual historical changes
, -criticism: that is pays too little attention to biological factors
Cohort - correct answer ✔✔a group of people for at around the same time in the same place
Naturalistic observation - correct answer ✔✔a type of correlational study in which some
naturally occurring behavior is observed without intervention in the situation
Case study - correct answer ✔✔involves extensive, in depth interviews wth a particular
individual or small group of individuals
survey research - correct answer ✔✔a group of people are chosen to represent some larger
population are asked questions about their attitudes, behavior, or thinking on a given topic
psychophysiological methods - correct answer ✔✔focuses on the relationship between
physiological process and behavior
-EEG
-CAT scan
-fMRI
correlational study - correct answer ✔✔research that seeks to identify whether an association
or relationship between two facts exists
experimental design - correct answer ✔✔an investigator, or experimenter, devises two different
experiences for participates and then studies and compares the outcomes
independent variable - correct answer ✔✔the variable that researchers manipulate in an
experiment
