NR546 WEEK 7: TEST QUESTIONS WITH ACCURATE
SOLUTIONS
Disruption of healthy sleep is a significant cause of: -- Answer ✔✔ societal morbidity
lost productivity
reduced quality of life
Center in the brain that tells you to go to sleep -- Answer ✔✔ VLPO (Ventrolateral
preoptic area)
-tells the 7 wakefulness areas of the brain to "shut off"
excitatory neurotransmitters that stimulate wakefulness: -- Answer ✔✔ acetylcholine
norepinephrine
histamine
serotonin
orexin
dopamine
sleep-promoting neurotransmitters: -- Answer ✔✔ Gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA)
melatonin
insomnia -- Answer ✔✔ dissatisfaction with either the quality or quantity of sleep
associated with one or more of the following:
-Difficulty initiating sleep
-Difficulty maintaining sleep
-Early morning awakenings with the inability to go back to sleep
-Difficulty sleeping at least 3 times a week for 3 or more months
• increases with age, one-third of clients older than age 65 years have persistent
insomnia
, • frequently triggered by acute stress and resolves when the stress resolves
• coexisting medical conditions can cause
*can exacerbate the symptoms of most psychiatric diagnoses; considered a psychiatric
"vital sign" requiring frequent assessment and symptomatic treatment when sleep
problems are encountered
Sleep Hygiene -- Answer ✔✔ sleep hygiene measures should be explored prior to
prescribing medications:
-Limit screen time
-Limit caffeine
-Limit nicotine
-Dark, cool room
-Reduce noise
Sleep Medications -- Answer ✔✔ -Over-the-Counter Sleep Aids
• antihistamines such as diphenhydramine (Benadryl)
• Valerian root
-Melatonin Agonist Medications
-ramelteon (Rozerem)
• prescription melatonin
-Orexin Receptor Antagonists
• Suvorexant (Belsomra)
• Lemborexant (Dayvigo)
-Sedating Antidepressants
• trazodone (Desyrel)
• amitriptyline (Elavil)
• mirtazapine (Remeron)
-Z-drugs (Sedative/hypnotic drugs) First-line agents for insomnia include:
• zolpidem (Ambien)
• zaleplon (Sonata)
• eszopiclone (Lunesta)
SOLUTIONS
Disruption of healthy sleep is a significant cause of: -- Answer ✔✔ societal morbidity
lost productivity
reduced quality of life
Center in the brain that tells you to go to sleep -- Answer ✔✔ VLPO (Ventrolateral
preoptic area)
-tells the 7 wakefulness areas of the brain to "shut off"
excitatory neurotransmitters that stimulate wakefulness: -- Answer ✔✔ acetylcholine
norepinephrine
histamine
serotonin
orexin
dopamine
sleep-promoting neurotransmitters: -- Answer ✔✔ Gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA)
melatonin
insomnia -- Answer ✔✔ dissatisfaction with either the quality or quantity of sleep
associated with one or more of the following:
-Difficulty initiating sleep
-Difficulty maintaining sleep
-Early morning awakenings with the inability to go back to sleep
-Difficulty sleeping at least 3 times a week for 3 or more months
• increases with age, one-third of clients older than age 65 years have persistent
insomnia
, • frequently triggered by acute stress and resolves when the stress resolves
• coexisting medical conditions can cause
*can exacerbate the symptoms of most psychiatric diagnoses; considered a psychiatric
"vital sign" requiring frequent assessment and symptomatic treatment when sleep
problems are encountered
Sleep Hygiene -- Answer ✔✔ sleep hygiene measures should be explored prior to
prescribing medications:
-Limit screen time
-Limit caffeine
-Limit nicotine
-Dark, cool room
-Reduce noise
Sleep Medications -- Answer ✔✔ -Over-the-Counter Sleep Aids
• antihistamines such as diphenhydramine (Benadryl)
• Valerian root
-Melatonin Agonist Medications
-ramelteon (Rozerem)
• prescription melatonin
-Orexin Receptor Antagonists
• Suvorexant (Belsomra)
• Lemborexant (Dayvigo)
-Sedating Antidepressants
• trazodone (Desyrel)
• amitriptyline (Elavil)
• mirtazapine (Remeron)
-Z-drugs (Sedative/hypnotic drugs) First-line agents for insomnia include:
• zolpidem (Ambien)
• zaleplon (Sonata)
• eszopiclone (Lunesta)
