BIOD 101 - Exam 2
Bacteria that causes illness are called what? - ANS - Pathogenic Bacteria
\Define ADAPTATION: (Give an example) - ANS - Adaptation is a change or process
that allows an organism to become better suited for their environment; Adaptations can
be physical or behavioral - an example of a physical adaptation is a crab's hard shell, an
example of a behavioral adaptation is when a bear hibernates through the winter.
\Define GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT: - ANS - When a living thing grows, matures,
ages, and experiences death.
\Define RESPONSE TO THE ENVIRONMENT: - ANS - When living things respond to
a stimulus within their environment through adaptation.
\Describe a COMMUNALISTIC symbiotic relationship, and give an example. - ANS -
Communalism occurs when only one of the organisms in the symbiotic relationship
benefits while the other is unharmed or unaffected; an example is the bacteria that lives
on the surface of human skin - the bacteria benefits by metabolizing oils and dead skin
cells, and the human remains unharmed and unaffected.
\Describe a MUTUALISTIC symbiotic relationship, and give an example. - ANS -
Mutualism refers to a relationship where there is a mutual benefit to both organisms; an
example is non-pathogenic E. Coli - this non-pathogenic bacteria protects its host from
pathogenic bacteria, and in return it obtains adequate nutrients from its host.
\Describe a PARASITIC symbiotic relationship, and give an example. - ANS -
Parasitism occurs when the symbiont harms the host while receiving a benefit; an
example is Strep A ('strep throat').
\List some examples of PROTISTA. - ANS - Single-cell amoeba, algae (ex: euglena),
slime molds, daphnia, and plasmodium.
\List the 7 most widely accepted characteristics of living organisms.: - ANS - 1.) Order
2.) Evolutionary Adaptation
3.) Regulation
4.) Energy Processing
5.) Growth and Development
6.) Response to the Environment
7.) Reproduction
\What are ARCHAEA? - ANS - Archaea are single-celled, microscopic organisms with
a prokaryotic cell structure.
\What are ATOMS AND MOLECULES? Give an example of each. - ANS - Atoms =
smallest unit of matter participating in chemical reactions; example: Oxygen
, Molecules = two or more atoms joined together; example: Dioxide
\What are AUTOTROPHS? - ANS - Autotrophs are producers, and support all other
organisms.
\What are CELLS? - ANS - Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living
things.
\What are COMMUNITIES? - ANS - Communities are all of the collective organisms
living within an ecosystem, including all of the living organisms such as plants, fungi,
grasses, animals, and even microscopic organisms such as bacteria and protista.
\What are DECOMPOSERS? - ANS - Organisms that break down dead and dying
organic matter and releases vital elements into the environment.
\What are ENDOTOXINS? Give an example. - ANS - Endotoxins are toxins that are
present inside the bacteria and are only released upon the death of the bacterial cell
when the cell wall begins to decompose; an example of an endotoxin are the toxins
observed within salmonella.
\What are EUBACTERIA? - ANS - Single-celled bacteria with a prokaryotic cellular
structure that reproduce by binary fission.
\What are EXOTOXINS? Give an example. - ANS - A toxin that is secreted by a
bacterial cell into its surroundings; An example of an Exotoxin is the toxins that are
secreted by cholera.
\What are EXTREMOPHILES? Give examples. - ANS - A small subset of archaea that
thrive in extreme environments;
- Thermophiles: extremophiles that thrive in high temperature environments, such as
volcanoes
- Halophiles: extremophiles that can be found in extremely saline environments, such as
the Dead Sea
- Psychrophiles: extremophiles that thrive in attic temperatures, such as the tundra of
Antarctica
\What are HETEROTROPHS? - ANS - Heterotrophs are primary consumers, and
depend on autotrophs.
\What are ORGANISMS composed of? - ANS - - Organ systems
- Organs
- Tissues
- Cells
- Atoms
- Molecules
\What are ORGANISMS? - ANS - Individual living things that make up a population.
\What are ORGANS? Give an example. - ANS - Organs are groups of tissues that
work together to perform certain functions; an example of an organ is the skin - the skin
is the largest organ of the human body.
Bacteria that causes illness are called what? - ANS - Pathogenic Bacteria
\Define ADAPTATION: (Give an example) - ANS - Adaptation is a change or process
that allows an organism to become better suited for their environment; Adaptations can
be physical or behavioral - an example of a physical adaptation is a crab's hard shell, an
example of a behavioral adaptation is when a bear hibernates through the winter.
\Define GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT: - ANS - When a living thing grows, matures,
ages, and experiences death.
\Define RESPONSE TO THE ENVIRONMENT: - ANS - When living things respond to
a stimulus within their environment through adaptation.
\Describe a COMMUNALISTIC symbiotic relationship, and give an example. - ANS -
Communalism occurs when only one of the organisms in the symbiotic relationship
benefits while the other is unharmed or unaffected; an example is the bacteria that lives
on the surface of human skin - the bacteria benefits by metabolizing oils and dead skin
cells, and the human remains unharmed and unaffected.
\Describe a MUTUALISTIC symbiotic relationship, and give an example. - ANS -
Mutualism refers to a relationship where there is a mutual benefit to both organisms; an
example is non-pathogenic E. Coli - this non-pathogenic bacteria protects its host from
pathogenic bacteria, and in return it obtains adequate nutrients from its host.
\Describe a PARASITIC symbiotic relationship, and give an example. - ANS -
Parasitism occurs when the symbiont harms the host while receiving a benefit; an
example is Strep A ('strep throat').
\List some examples of PROTISTA. - ANS - Single-cell amoeba, algae (ex: euglena),
slime molds, daphnia, and plasmodium.
\List the 7 most widely accepted characteristics of living organisms.: - ANS - 1.) Order
2.) Evolutionary Adaptation
3.) Regulation
4.) Energy Processing
5.) Growth and Development
6.) Response to the Environment
7.) Reproduction
\What are ARCHAEA? - ANS - Archaea are single-celled, microscopic organisms with
a prokaryotic cell structure.
\What are ATOMS AND MOLECULES? Give an example of each. - ANS - Atoms =
smallest unit of matter participating in chemical reactions; example: Oxygen
, Molecules = two or more atoms joined together; example: Dioxide
\What are AUTOTROPHS? - ANS - Autotrophs are producers, and support all other
organisms.
\What are CELLS? - ANS - Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living
things.
\What are COMMUNITIES? - ANS - Communities are all of the collective organisms
living within an ecosystem, including all of the living organisms such as plants, fungi,
grasses, animals, and even microscopic organisms such as bacteria and protista.
\What are DECOMPOSERS? - ANS - Organisms that break down dead and dying
organic matter and releases vital elements into the environment.
\What are ENDOTOXINS? Give an example. - ANS - Endotoxins are toxins that are
present inside the bacteria and are only released upon the death of the bacterial cell
when the cell wall begins to decompose; an example of an endotoxin are the toxins
observed within salmonella.
\What are EUBACTERIA? - ANS - Single-celled bacteria with a prokaryotic cellular
structure that reproduce by binary fission.
\What are EXOTOXINS? Give an example. - ANS - A toxin that is secreted by a
bacterial cell into its surroundings; An example of an Exotoxin is the toxins that are
secreted by cholera.
\What are EXTREMOPHILES? Give examples. - ANS - A small subset of archaea that
thrive in extreme environments;
- Thermophiles: extremophiles that thrive in high temperature environments, such as
volcanoes
- Halophiles: extremophiles that can be found in extremely saline environments, such as
the Dead Sea
- Psychrophiles: extremophiles that thrive in attic temperatures, such as the tundra of
Antarctica
\What are HETEROTROPHS? - ANS - Heterotrophs are primary consumers, and
depend on autotrophs.
\What are ORGANISMS composed of? - ANS - - Organ systems
- Organs
- Tissues
- Cells
- Atoms
- Molecules
\What are ORGANISMS? - ANS - Individual living things that make up a population.
\What are ORGANS? Give an example. - ANS - Organs are groups of tissues that
work together to perform certain functions; an example of an organ is the skin - the skin
is the largest organ of the human body.
