NURS 422 Final Exam questions and
answers graded A+ passed
ethics - correct answer ✔✔the principles of right and wrong that guide an individual in making
decisions
Moral indifference - correct answer ✔✔an individual questions why morality in practice is even
necessary
moral conflict - correct answer ✔✔unsure which moral principles apply and may even include
uncertainty as to what the moral problem is
moral distress - correct answer ✔✔occurs when the individual knows the right thing to do but
organizational constraints make it difficult to take the right course of action
moral outrage - correct answer ✔✔occurs when an individual witnesses the immoral act of
another but feels powerless to stop it
ethical dilemma - correct answer ✔✔a situation in which you have to decide whether to pursue
a course of action that may benefit you or your organization but that is unethical or even illegal,
deciding between two or more undesireable alternatives
utilitarianism (teleological) - correct answer ✔✔achieving the greatest good for the greatest
number of people
rights-based (deontological) - correct answer ✔✔individuals have basic inherent rights that
should not be interfered
,Duty based (deontological) - correct answer ✔✔a duty to do something or to refrain from doing
something
Intuitionist (deontological) - correct answer ✔✔Each case weighed on a case-by-case basis to
determine relative goals, duties, and rights
autonomy - correct answer ✔✔self-determination
beneficence - correct answer ✔✔promote good
nonmaleficence - correct answer ✔✔do no harm
paternalism - correct answer ✔✔make decisions for another
utility - correct answer ✔✔the good of many outweighs the needs and wants of the individual
justice - correct answer ✔✔seek fairness, treat according to differences
veracity - correct answer ✔✔truth-telling
fidelity - correct answer ✔✔need to keep promises
confidentiality - correct answer ✔✔keep privileged information private
traditional problem solving process - correct answer ✔✔1. Identify the problem
2. Gather data to analyze the causes and consequences of the problem
3. Explore alternative solutions
, 4. Evaluate the alternatives
5. Select the appropriate solution
6. Implement the solution
7. Evaluate the results
Nursing Process - correct answer ✔✔Assessment
Diagnosis
Planning
Implementation
Evaluation
MORAL decision-making model - correct answer ✔✔M—Massage the dilemma
O—Outline options
R—Review criteria and resolve
A—Affirm position and act
L—Look back. Evaluate the decision making
Ethical Relativism - correct answer ✔✔actions must be judged by what individuals subjectively
feel is right or wrong for themselves
Ethical Universalism - correct answer ✔✔Concept that argues that there are fundamental
ethical principles that apply across cultures.
Delegation - correct answer ✔✔getting work done through others; directing the performance of
people to accomplish organizational goals
Satisficing - correct answer ✔✔choosing a "good enough" alternative
answers graded A+ passed
ethics - correct answer ✔✔the principles of right and wrong that guide an individual in making
decisions
Moral indifference - correct answer ✔✔an individual questions why morality in practice is even
necessary
moral conflict - correct answer ✔✔unsure which moral principles apply and may even include
uncertainty as to what the moral problem is
moral distress - correct answer ✔✔occurs when the individual knows the right thing to do but
organizational constraints make it difficult to take the right course of action
moral outrage - correct answer ✔✔occurs when an individual witnesses the immoral act of
another but feels powerless to stop it
ethical dilemma - correct answer ✔✔a situation in which you have to decide whether to pursue
a course of action that may benefit you or your organization but that is unethical or even illegal,
deciding between two or more undesireable alternatives
utilitarianism (teleological) - correct answer ✔✔achieving the greatest good for the greatest
number of people
rights-based (deontological) - correct answer ✔✔individuals have basic inherent rights that
should not be interfered
,Duty based (deontological) - correct answer ✔✔a duty to do something or to refrain from doing
something
Intuitionist (deontological) - correct answer ✔✔Each case weighed on a case-by-case basis to
determine relative goals, duties, and rights
autonomy - correct answer ✔✔self-determination
beneficence - correct answer ✔✔promote good
nonmaleficence - correct answer ✔✔do no harm
paternalism - correct answer ✔✔make decisions for another
utility - correct answer ✔✔the good of many outweighs the needs and wants of the individual
justice - correct answer ✔✔seek fairness, treat according to differences
veracity - correct answer ✔✔truth-telling
fidelity - correct answer ✔✔need to keep promises
confidentiality - correct answer ✔✔keep privileged information private
traditional problem solving process - correct answer ✔✔1. Identify the problem
2. Gather data to analyze the causes and consequences of the problem
3. Explore alternative solutions
, 4. Evaluate the alternatives
5. Select the appropriate solution
6. Implement the solution
7. Evaluate the results
Nursing Process - correct answer ✔✔Assessment
Diagnosis
Planning
Implementation
Evaluation
MORAL decision-making model - correct answer ✔✔M—Massage the dilemma
O—Outline options
R—Review criteria and resolve
A—Affirm position and act
L—Look back. Evaluate the decision making
Ethical Relativism - correct answer ✔✔actions must be judged by what individuals subjectively
feel is right or wrong for themselves
Ethical Universalism - correct answer ✔✔Concept that argues that there are fundamental
ethical principles that apply across cultures.
Delegation - correct answer ✔✔getting work done through others; directing the performance of
people to accomplish organizational goals
Satisficing - correct answer ✔✔choosing a "good enough" alternative
