NUR 2060 (Pharmacology) Exam 1
Pharmacology - Answers -the study of drugs and their interactions with living systems
Pharmacotherapeutics - Answers -The use of drugs to diagnose, prevent, or treat
disease and/or pregnancy
Pharmacokinetics - Answers -how the drug moves through the body (impact of the
BODY on DRUG).
Pharmacodynamics - Answers -How the drug affects the body (impact of DRUG on the
BODY).
Difference between Chemical names, Generic names, and Trade names for drugs -
Answers -Chemical: chemical structure of a drugs (N-acetyl-para-amino-phenol)
Generic: the "official" name of the drug. (Acetaminophen)
Trade: the brand name picked by the drug manufacturer. (Tylenol)
Enteral - Answers -oral, "po" by way of mouth (safest option)
Parenteral - Answers -by injection; Intravenous (IV), Intramuscular (IM), Subcutaneous
(SQ or SC)
Transdermal - Answers -Crossing through the skin. Ointments, creams, and patches
PRN (pro re nata) - Answers -"As needed" or "when the situation arrives"
Bioavailability - Answers -portion of the drug dose that is absorbed, reaches systemic
circulation, and is able to cause an effect.
first-pass effect (hepatic first pass) - Answers -drugs that are taken orally are absorbed
via the GI tract, and then metabolized by the liver. The Liver acts as a filter and only part
of the drug is circulated systemically.
Half-life - Answers -the amount of time it takes for half a dose of drug to be eliminated
from the body
Efficacy - Answers -the capability to produce a desired result
Potency - Answers -the strength of a drug
efficacy vs potency - Answers -If a drug has a higher efficacy, it does not mean it is a
better drug. It depends on how much effect we need for the person's condition (not
, everyone needs morphine for pain). If a drug has low potency, we can always
administer more doses.
therapeutic index - Answers -the margin of safety for each drug
adverse drug reaction - Answers -Any undesired effect that occurs at normal dosages
(may be genetic or totally unexpected)
What are the 6 rights of drug administration? - Answers -1. Right Drug
2. Right Dose
3. Right Route
4. Right Time
5. Right Patient
6. Right Documentation
why are the 6 rights important? - Answers -Nurses are the last line of defense against
medication errors for the patient, we do all that we can to protect them from harm.
How many half-lives does it take for a drug to be considered negligible? - Answers -4
steady state - Answers -rate of administration = rate of excretion
how many half-lives does it take to reach steady-state? - Answers -4.5
What are the three most important properties of a drug? - Answers -Effectiveness
Safety
Selectivity
T or F: the higher the number of a controlled/schedule drug (Class I, II, III, IV, V), the
higher the abuse potential - Answers -False. the LOWER the drug schedule, the higher
the abuse potential. I > II > III > IV > V
Why is there only one generic name, but possibly several Trade names of a drug? -
Answers -Any drug can be marketed in different formulations and by multiple
manufacturers.
T or F: Most drugs have only one effect - Answers -False
Steps of pharmacodynamics - Answers -Absorption: Entry of drug in the bloodstream
Distribution: Process of how drugs are carried through the body
Metabolism: Accelerates renal excretion making lipid-soluble drugs into water-soluble
Excretion: elimination of the drug
T or F: A wider therapeutic index is safer than a narrower therapeutic index - Answers -
True
Pharmacology - Answers -the study of drugs and their interactions with living systems
Pharmacotherapeutics - Answers -The use of drugs to diagnose, prevent, or treat
disease and/or pregnancy
Pharmacokinetics - Answers -how the drug moves through the body (impact of the
BODY on DRUG).
Pharmacodynamics - Answers -How the drug affects the body (impact of DRUG on the
BODY).
Difference between Chemical names, Generic names, and Trade names for drugs -
Answers -Chemical: chemical structure of a drugs (N-acetyl-para-amino-phenol)
Generic: the "official" name of the drug. (Acetaminophen)
Trade: the brand name picked by the drug manufacturer. (Tylenol)
Enteral - Answers -oral, "po" by way of mouth (safest option)
Parenteral - Answers -by injection; Intravenous (IV), Intramuscular (IM), Subcutaneous
(SQ or SC)
Transdermal - Answers -Crossing through the skin. Ointments, creams, and patches
PRN (pro re nata) - Answers -"As needed" or "when the situation arrives"
Bioavailability - Answers -portion of the drug dose that is absorbed, reaches systemic
circulation, and is able to cause an effect.
first-pass effect (hepatic first pass) - Answers -drugs that are taken orally are absorbed
via the GI tract, and then metabolized by the liver. The Liver acts as a filter and only part
of the drug is circulated systemically.
Half-life - Answers -the amount of time it takes for half a dose of drug to be eliminated
from the body
Efficacy - Answers -the capability to produce a desired result
Potency - Answers -the strength of a drug
efficacy vs potency - Answers -If a drug has a higher efficacy, it does not mean it is a
better drug. It depends on how much effect we need for the person's condition (not
, everyone needs morphine for pain). If a drug has low potency, we can always
administer more doses.
therapeutic index - Answers -the margin of safety for each drug
adverse drug reaction - Answers -Any undesired effect that occurs at normal dosages
(may be genetic or totally unexpected)
What are the 6 rights of drug administration? - Answers -1. Right Drug
2. Right Dose
3. Right Route
4. Right Time
5. Right Patient
6. Right Documentation
why are the 6 rights important? - Answers -Nurses are the last line of defense against
medication errors for the patient, we do all that we can to protect them from harm.
How many half-lives does it take for a drug to be considered negligible? - Answers -4
steady state - Answers -rate of administration = rate of excretion
how many half-lives does it take to reach steady-state? - Answers -4.5
What are the three most important properties of a drug? - Answers -Effectiveness
Safety
Selectivity
T or F: the higher the number of a controlled/schedule drug (Class I, II, III, IV, V), the
higher the abuse potential - Answers -False. the LOWER the drug schedule, the higher
the abuse potential. I > II > III > IV > V
Why is there only one generic name, but possibly several Trade names of a drug? -
Answers -Any drug can be marketed in different formulations and by multiple
manufacturers.
T or F: Most drugs have only one effect - Answers -False
Steps of pharmacodynamics - Answers -Absorption: Entry of drug in the bloodstream
Distribution: Process of how drugs are carried through the body
Metabolism: Accelerates renal excretion making lipid-soluble drugs into water-soluble
Excretion: elimination of the drug
T or F: A wider therapeutic index is safer than a narrower therapeutic index - Answers -
True
