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"To be considered eligible for the study, subjects had to be older than 21 years of age,
hold a valid state driver's license, and be able to fire a shotgun." This is an example of
which of the following? - CORRECT ANSWER: Sampling criteria
A researcher administers a scale measuring self-confidence and one measuring self-
doubt to a group of subjects and performs a correlational analysis of the results. This is
a test of validity from: - CORRECT ANSWER: divergent validity
A researcher attempted to recruit all 150 of the patients seen in the emergency
department in a three-month period for diverticulitis, but only 120 consented to
participate. What is the sample size? - CORRECT ANSWER: 120
A researcher consented 75 subjects, but 15 dropped out of the study while it was still in
progress. What was the sample attrition rate? - CORRECT ANSWER: 20%
A researcher develops a 7-point Likert scale to evaluate feelings of well-being in
patients who are undergoing chemotherapy. The researcher administers this measure to
other, similar patients in several medical centers. This is done in order to: - CORRECT
ANSWER: improve the test-retest reliability
A researcher develops a new instrument to measure coping skills and conducts a pilot
study to compare the new tool with an existing tool that measures this concept. This is
an example of evidence of validity from: - CORRECT ANSWER: Convergent validity
A researcher evaluates scores of a paper and pencil instrument with variables at the
interval level of data using the Cronbach's alpha coefficient statistical procedure. This is
a test of: - CORRECT ANSWER: internal consistency reliability
, A researcher evaluates whether a tool addresses the major elements of the construct
being studied. This helps to ensure: - CORRECT ANSWER: content validity
A researcher is studying the effect of hypnosis on pain experienced during dental
procedures. The researcher's study has two groups: those who receive hypnosis during
the procedure and those who receive no hypnosis. If the researcher plans to use a t-test
for the statistical analysis, which would be the best way to measure pain for this study? -
CORRECT ANSWER: numerical pain scale with a range from 0 to 100
A researcher performs a series of pilot studies to evaluate whether a measurement tool
produces consistent results. This is an evaluation of: - CORRECT ANSWER: Reliability
A researcher studying depression in relation to five predictor variables decides to
include five more variables in the study because the literature reveals that they may
also be involved in depression. Consequently, the researcher will do which of the
following? - CORRECT ANSWER: Use a larger sample size.
An outpatient being treated in the infusion center for thalassemia is asked to fill out a
form about satisfaction with the center, while he waits for his appointment. The form
consists of five questions, each a statement, with six possibilities after it: Strongly
Agree, Agree, Slightly Agree, Slightly Disagree, Disagree, and Strongly Disagree. This
is an example of which of the following? - CORRECT ANSWER: A Likert scale
In a pilot study to help train a group of data collectors who will evaluate children's pain
using a FACES rating scale, the researcher examines the reliability of the scores of
each data collector. This is an example of which type of reliability measure? -
CORRECT ANSWER: Interrater reliability
The quantitative researcher collects many pieces of quantitative data as words, not
numbers. Prior to statistical analysis, all of the data pieces must be coded. What does
this mean? - CORRECT ANSWER: The data are transformed into numerals
corresponding to words, such as 0—no college degree, 1—bachelor's degree, 2—
master's degree, 3—PhD or EdD.