ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY MIDTERM
6501 WALDEN UNIVERSITY Exam Questions And
Solutions
loss - ANSWER Hyperthyroidism:
burning calories at an excessive rate
weight ___
stimulates sympathetic nervous system: alert, quick reflexes,
increased HR & BP (fight or flight response_
Heat intolerance: increased body temp
Active GI: diarrhea
anterior pituitary gland - ANSWER the anterior part of the
pituitary gland; an endocrine gland whose secretions are
controlled by the hypothalamic hormones
produces thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)
Cushing's disease - ANSWER (Remember: *UP, UP, UP,
DOWN, UP*)
HYPERnatremia,
HYPERtension,
INCREASED blood volume,
HYPOkalemia,
HYPERglycemia
adrenal cortex - ANSWER outer section of each adrenal gland;
,secretes cortisol, aldosterone, and sex hormones
Aldosterone - ANSWER Hormone that stimulates the kidney to
retain sodium ions and water to regulate BP via
angiotensinaldosterone system, retention of sodium and secretes
potassium
cortisol - ANSWER stress hormone released by the adrenal
cortex helps the body deal with stress such as illness or injury
increases blood glucose
breaks down fats, proteins, carbs
electrolyte regulations
A runner has depleted all the oxygen available for muscle energy.
Which of the following will facilitate his continued muscle
performance? - ANSWER ANSWER: Anaerobic
glycolysis
What causes the rapid change in the resting membrane potential
that initiates an action potential? - ANSWER ANSWER:
Sodium
gates open, and sodium rushes into the cell, changing the
membrane potential from negative to positive.
A 12-year-old male is diagnosed with Klinefelter syndrome. His
karyotype would reveal which of the following? - ANSWER
, ANSWER:
XXY
A nurse is reviewing the pedigree chart. When checking for a
proband, what is the nurse looking for? - ANSWER ANSWER:
The person who is first diagnosed with a genetic disease
An aide asks the nurse why people who have neurofibromatosis
will show varying degrees of the disease. Which genetic principle
should the nurse explain to the aide? - ANSWER
ANSWER:
Expressivity
In teaching a patient with cirrhosis, which information should the
nurse include regarding cholesterol? - ANSWER ANSWER:
Cholesterol decreases the membrane fluidity of the erythrocyte,
which reduces its ability to carry oxygen.
When a patient asks what causes cystic fibrosis, how should the
nurse respond? Cystic fibrosis is caused by an _____ gene -
ANSWER ANSWER: Autosomal
recessive
How are potassium and sodium transported across plasma
membranes? - ANSWER ANSWER: By adenosine triphosphate
enzyme (ATPase)
The nurse would be correct in identifying the predominant
extracellular cation as: - ANSWER ANSWER:
Sodium
6501 WALDEN UNIVERSITY Exam Questions And
Solutions
loss - ANSWER Hyperthyroidism:
burning calories at an excessive rate
weight ___
stimulates sympathetic nervous system: alert, quick reflexes,
increased HR & BP (fight or flight response_
Heat intolerance: increased body temp
Active GI: diarrhea
anterior pituitary gland - ANSWER the anterior part of the
pituitary gland; an endocrine gland whose secretions are
controlled by the hypothalamic hormones
produces thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)
Cushing's disease - ANSWER (Remember: *UP, UP, UP,
DOWN, UP*)
HYPERnatremia,
HYPERtension,
INCREASED blood volume,
HYPOkalemia,
HYPERglycemia
adrenal cortex - ANSWER outer section of each adrenal gland;
,secretes cortisol, aldosterone, and sex hormones
Aldosterone - ANSWER Hormone that stimulates the kidney to
retain sodium ions and water to regulate BP via
angiotensinaldosterone system, retention of sodium and secretes
potassium
cortisol - ANSWER stress hormone released by the adrenal
cortex helps the body deal with stress such as illness or injury
increases blood glucose
breaks down fats, proteins, carbs
electrolyte regulations
A runner has depleted all the oxygen available for muscle energy.
Which of the following will facilitate his continued muscle
performance? - ANSWER ANSWER: Anaerobic
glycolysis
What causes the rapid change in the resting membrane potential
that initiates an action potential? - ANSWER ANSWER:
Sodium
gates open, and sodium rushes into the cell, changing the
membrane potential from negative to positive.
A 12-year-old male is diagnosed with Klinefelter syndrome. His
karyotype would reveal which of the following? - ANSWER
, ANSWER:
XXY
A nurse is reviewing the pedigree chart. When checking for a
proband, what is the nurse looking for? - ANSWER ANSWER:
The person who is first diagnosed with a genetic disease
An aide asks the nurse why people who have neurofibromatosis
will show varying degrees of the disease. Which genetic principle
should the nurse explain to the aide? - ANSWER
ANSWER:
Expressivity
In teaching a patient with cirrhosis, which information should the
nurse include regarding cholesterol? - ANSWER ANSWER:
Cholesterol decreases the membrane fluidity of the erythrocyte,
which reduces its ability to carry oxygen.
When a patient asks what causes cystic fibrosis, how should the
nurse respond? Cystic fibrosis is caused by an _____ gene -
ANSWER ANSWER: Autosomal
recessive
How are potassium and sodium transported across plasma
membranes? - ANSWER ANSWER: By adenosine triphosphate
enzyme (ATPase)
The nurse would be correct in identifying the predominant
extracellular cation as: - ANSWER ANSWER:
Sodium
