Acids, Bases and Salts - Class Notes
1. Introduction
- Acids taste sour, turn blue litmus red.
- Bases taste bitter, feel soapy, turn red litmus blue.
- Salts are formed when acids react with bases (neutralization).
2. Types of Substances
Acids:
- Hydrochloric Acid: Found in stomach
- Citric Acid: Found in lemon, orange
- Acetic Acid: Found in vinegar
- Lactic Acid: Found in curd
Bases:
- Sodium Hydroxide: Found in soap
- Magnesium Hydroxide: Found in antacids
- Ammonium Hydroxide: Found in window cleaners
3. Indicators
- Litmus: Red in acid, Blue in base
- Methyl Orange: Red in acid, Yellow in base
- Phenolphthalein: Colourless in acid, Pink in base
4. Neutralization Reaction
Acid + Base -> Salt + Water
Example: HCl + NaOH -> NaCl + H2O
Uses:
- Treating indigestion
- Soil treatment
1. Introduction
- Acids taste sour, turn blue litmus red.
- Bases taste bitter, feel soapy, turn red litmus blue.
- Salts are formed when acids react with bases (neutralization).
2. Types of Substances
Acids:
- Hydrochloric Acid: Found in stomach
- Citric Acid: Found in lemon, orange
- Acetic Acid: Found in vinegar
- Lactic Acid: Found in curd
Bases:
- Sodium Hydroxide: Found in soap
- Magnesium Hydroxide: Found in antacids
- Ammonium Hydroxide: Found in window cleaners
3. Indicators
- Litmus: Red in acid, Blue in base
- Methyl Orange: Red in acid, Yellow in base
- Phenolphthalein: Colourless in acid, Pink in base
4. Neutralization Reaction
Acid + Base -> Salt + Water
Example: HCl + NaOH -> NaCl + H2O
Uses:
- Treating indigestion
- Soil treatment
