BSNC 3000 PHARM :ANESTHETICS TEST 1 QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS
What are general anesthetics? -- Answer ✔✔ Drugs used to induce anesthesia and loss
of sensation.
What is malignant hyperthermia? -- Answer ✔✔ A risk with susceptible individuals.
What are the adverse effects of sevoflurane? -- Answer ✔✔ Minimal adverse effects.
What is the risk for skin breakdown with general anesthetics? -- Answer ✔✔ Increased
risk due to impaired mobility.
What are some common side effects of general anesthetics? -- Answer ✔✔ Drowsiness,
lethargy, weakness, coordination and thinking problems.
What should patients avoid after receiving a general anesthetic? -- Answer ✔✔ Alcohol
and CNS depressants for 24 hours.
What must be monitored closely when using general anesthetics? -- Answer ✔✔
Cardiac and respiratory function.
What is lidocaine used for? -- Answer ✔✔ Local anesthesia, IV for ventricular
dysrhythmias, transdermal for postherpetic neuralgia.
-Epidural / spinal
What are the contraindications for epidural/spinal lidocaine? -- Answer ✔✔ Allergies to
lidocaine/amide anesthetics, 3rd degree heart block, shock.
, What are the side effects of lidocaine? -- Answer ✔✔ N/V, stinging, burning, erythema,
systemic effects with overdose.
What is bupivacaine used for? -- Answer ✔✔ Local anesthesia, regional anesthesia.
What is the duration of action for bupivacaine compared to lidocaine? -- Answer ✔✔
Longer duration and 16 times more potent than lidocaine.
What are the contraindications for bupivacaine? -- Answer ✔✔ Allergies to
bupivacaine/amide anesthetics.
What are the side effects of epidural/spinal bupivacaine? -- Answer ✔✔ Dural headache,
backache, overdose systemic effects.
What are the systemic effects of overdose? -- Answer ✔✔ light-headedness, tinnitus,
metallic taste, blurred vision, numbness, twitching, seizures, hypotension, arrhythmias,
cardiac arrest
What is an epidural? -- Answer ✔✔ Local anesthetic injected into epidural space
What is the purpose of adding opioids to an epidural? -- Answer ✔✔ To improve
analgesic effect
How do epidural opioids work? -- Answer ✔✔ Cross meninges and bind to opioid
receptors in dorsal horn of spinal cord
How is an epidural usually administered? -- Answer ✔✔ Continuous infusion
What is a spinal anesthesia? -- Answer ✔✔ Local anesthetic injected into cerebrospinal
fluid of subarachnoid space
How is spinal anesthesia usually administered? -- Answer ✔✔ Single injection
ANSWERS
What are general anesthetics? -- Answer ✔✔ Drugs used to induce anesthesia and loss
of sensation.
What is malignant hyperthermia? -- Answer ✔✔ A risk with susceptible individuals.
What are the adverse effects of sevoflurane? -- Answer ✔✔ Minimal adverse effects.
What is the risk for skin breakdown with general anesthetics? -- Answer ✔✔ Increased
risk due to impaired mobility.
What are some common side effects of general anesthetics? -- Answer ✔✔ Drowsiness,
lethargy, weakness, coordination and thinking problems.
What should patients avoid after receiving a general anesthetic? -- Answer ✔✔ Alcohol
and CNS depressants for 24 hours.
What must be monitored closely when using general anesthetics? -- Answer ✔✔
Cardiac and respiratory function.
What is lidocaine used for? -- Answer ✔✔ Local anesthesia, IV for ventricular
dysrhythmias, transdermal for postherpetic neuralgia.
-Epidural / spinal
What are the contraindications for epidural/spinal lidocaine? -- Answer ✔✔ Allergies to
lidocaine/amide anesthetics, 3rd degree heart block, shock.
, What are the side effects of lidocaine? -- Answer ✔✔ N/V, stinging, burning, erythema,
systemic effects with overdose.
What is bupivacaine used for? -- Answer ✔✔ Local anesthesia, regional anesthesia.
What is the duration of action for bupivacaine compared to lidocaine? -- Answer ✔✔
Longer duration and 16 times more potent than lidocaine.
What are the contraindications for bupivacaine? -- Answer ✔✔ Allergies to
bupivacaine/amide anesthetics.
What are the side effects of epidural/spinal bupivacaine? -- Answer ✔✔ Dural headache,
backache, overdose systemic effects.
What are the systemic effects of overdose? -- Answer ✔✔ light-headedness, tinnitus,
metallic taste, blurred vision, numbness, twitching, seizures, hypotension, arrhythmias,
cardiac arrest
What is an epidural? -- Answer ✔✔ Local anesthetic injected into epidural space
What is the purpose of adding opioids to an epidural? -- Answer ✔✔ To improve
analgesic effect
How do epidural opioids work? -- Answer ✔✔ Cross meninges and bind to opioid
receptors in dorsal horn of spinal cord
How is an epidural usually administered? -- Answer ✔✔ Continuous infusion
What is a spinal anesthesia? -- Answer ✔✔ Local anesthetic injected into cerebrospinal
fluid of subarachnoid space
How is spinal anesthesia usually administered? -- Answer ✔✔ Single injection
