MCPHS Anatomy and Physiology Exam 3
Questions With Complete Solutions
3 types of muscle Correct Answers Skeletal -
voluntary
Smooth - controlled involuntarily by endocrine and
autonomic nervous system
Cardiac - controlled involuntarily by endocrine and
autonomic nervous system
4 groups associated with rib cage Correct Answers
Scalenes
External intercostals
Internal intercostals and transversus thoracic
Diaphragm
Abdominal wall muscles Correct Answers Muscles
flex and rotate the vertebral column, decrease
volume of abdominal and thoracic cavities
Aid in forced expiration
Crossing patten of muscle adds strength
Actin Correct Answers thin
2 strands of F actin form double helix extending
length of myofilament; composed of G actin
monomer that has active site, bind myosin during
contraction
Tropomyosin - elongated protein along the groove
of F actin double helix - BLOCK binding site G actin
,Troponin - 3 subunits: bind actin, binds
tropomyosin, bind calcium ions
Troponin/tropomyosin complex regulates
interaction between active sites on G actin and
myosin
Action potential (all or none) Correct Answers
Depolarization: inside plasma membrane becomes
less negative, sodium channels open, reaches
threshold
Repolarization: return of resting membrane,
becomes more negative than original for short
period of time
Propoage - spread from one location to another,
new action potential at each successive location
Frequency: number of action potentials produced
per unit of time
Aerobic respiration Correct Answers requires
oxygen and breaks glucose into ATP, carbon
dioxide, and water, more efficient
Agonist Correct Answers muscle that, when
contracts, causes an action
Anaerobic respiration Correct Answers occur in
absence of oxygen and results in breakdown of
glucose to ATP and lactic acid
, Antagonist Correct Answers a muscle working in
opposition to agonist
Anterior compartment of foot Correct Answers
extensions involved in dorsiflexion and
eversion/inversion of foot; extension of toes.
Dorsiflex foot, extend toes
anterior thigh muscles Correct Answers flex hip,
iliacus and psoas major often referred to as
iliopsoas since share tendon insertion
Aponeurosis Correct Answers broad tendon
Arm movements Correct Answers Muscles that
attach the arm to thorax: pectoralis major,
latissumus dorsi
Deltoid and pectoralis major both act as flexors
and extensors of shoulder
Deltoid abducts and medially and laterally rotates
the arm
Rotator cuff muscles (group) move arm and hold
head of humerus in glenoid cavity
Atrophy: Correct Answers decrease in muscle size
Belly Correct Answers largest portion of muscle,
between insertion and head
cardiac muscle Correct Answers Only in heart
Questions With Complete Solutions
3 types of muscle Correct Answers Skeletal -
voluntary
Smooth - controlled involuntarily by endocrine and
autonomic nervous system
Cardiac - controlled involuntarily by endocrine and
autonomic nervous system
4 groups associated with rib cage Correct Answers
Scalenes
External intercostals
Internal intercostals and transversus thoracic
Diaphragm
Abdominal wall muscles Correct Answers Muscles
flex and rotate the vertebral column, decrease
volume of abdominal and thoracic cavities
Aid in forced expiration
Crossing patten of muscle adds strength
Actin Correct Answers thin
2 strands of F actin form double helix extending
length of myofilament; composed of G actin
monomer that has active site, bind myosin during
contraction
Tropomyosin - elongated protein along the groove
of F actin double helix - BLOCK binding site G actin
,Troponin - 3 subunits: bind actin, binds
tropomyosin, bind calcium ions
Troponin/tropomyosin complex regulates
interaction between active sites on G actin and
myosin
Action potential (all or none) Correct Answers
Depolarization: inside plasma membrane becomes
less negative, sodium channels open, reaches
threshold
Repolarization: return of resting membrane,
becomes more negative than original for short
period of time
Propoage - spread from one location to another,
new action potential at each successive location
Frequency: number of action potentials produced
per unit of time
Aerobic respiration Correct Answers requires
oxygen and breaks glucose into ATP, carbon
dioxide, and water, more efficient
Agonist Correct Answers muscle that, when
contracts, causes an action
Anaerobic respiration Correct Answers occur in
absence of oxygen and results in breakdown of
glucose to ATP and lactic acid
, Antagonist Correct Answers a muscle working in
opposition to agonist
Anterior compartment of foot Correct Answers
extensions involved in dorsiflexion and
eversion/inversion of foot; extension of toes.
Dorsiflex foot, extend toes
anterior thigh muscles Correct Answers flex hip,
iliacus and psoas major often referred to as
iliopsoas since share tendon insertion
Aponeurosis Correct Answers broad tendon
Arm movements Correct Answers Muscles that
attach the arm to thorax: pectoralis major,
latissumus dorsi
Deltoid and pectoralis major both act as flexors
and extensors of shoulder
Deltoid abducts and medially and laterally rotates
the arm
Rotator cuff muscles (group) move arm and hold
head of humerus in glenoid cavity
Atrophy: Correct Answers decrease in muscle size
Belly Correct Answers largest portion of muscle,
between insertion and head
cardiac muscle Correct Answers Only in heart
