NYSTCE ESOL CST (116) EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED LATEST UPDATE 2025

NYSTCE ESOL CST (116) EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED LATEST UPDATE 2025 10 studiers today 4.5 (11 reviews) Terms in this set (458) Intonation the way the voice rises and falls in speech morpheme the smallest unit of meaning in a language Abraham Maslow developed hierarchy of needs, which theorized to be the unconscious desires that motivate people subordinating conjunction joins a dependent clause to an independent clause to which it is related voiceless sounds sounds made without vibrating the vocal cords Howard Gardner created the theory of multiple intelligences; proposed that using a person's area of giftedness to demonstrate intellect will help learners achieve their potential independent (or main) clause a clause that can stand alone as it's own sequence one-word stage stage of language acquisition; characterized by a child's use of a single word to convey a full meaning humor stage stage of acculturation; when students start to come to terms with their circumstances and move toward acceptance of their new culture SIFE Students with Interrupted Formal Education labial consonant sound sound produced by the top and bottom lips coming together (m) gerund phrase phrase that begins with a gerund (verbs that end in -ing and act as nouns) connotation the emotional association of a word helping verb verb that indicates tense (when the action occurred) Woodcock-Muñoz Language Survey an individually administered assessment that measures cognitive aspects of language proficiency in the form of vocabulary usage, verbal analogies, and letter-word identification Audio-Lingual Method (ALM) an oral-based approach to language instruction developed by linguists and behavior psychologists; teaches the target language through repetition phonetics the study of the production of sounds in speech silent way teaching method based on the idea that language learning should be much like problem-solving and discovery learning; teachers are as silent as possible during lessons in order to promote student participation and experimentation and to concentrate on learning over teaching dependent (or subordinate) clause a clause that cannot stand alone as its own sentence inferential item a piece of information that requires the test taker to read between the lines in order to determine what an author is implying communicative competence the ability to speak a language both appropriately in a social context as well as correctly in terms of rules and structure two-word stage stage of language acquisition; children begin to learn words and use word combinations early stage of literacy development characterized by the learner's use of multiple strategies to predict and understand words intermediate fluency fourth stage of second-language acquisition; learners have acquired a vocabulary of about 6,000 words and are able to speak in more complex sentences and correct many of their own errors free morpheme a morpheme that can stand on its own literal item information that refers directly back to the content of the reading material where the answer is defined word by word