BIO 290 EXAM 2 QUESTIONS &
ANSWERS 2025 LATEST UPDATE
Sphincter - ANSWER Band of muscle that constricts or dilates
What structure in the abdomen forms a "box" - ANSWER Large intestine
What is a mesentery? - ANSWER Double layer of serous membrane in the peritoneum
only. Suspends part of gut tube into peritoneal cavity.
Intraperitoneal organs - ANSWER Organs such as small intestine, stomach, liver, etc.
are suspended into a celom by a mesentery and are mobile.
Early in development, a human has what 2 simple mesenteries? - ANSWER Dorsal and
ventral mesenteries
Rapid growth of the liver and rotation result in what? - ANSWER Results in the stomach
ending up on the left side and the liver moving to the right side of the abdomen.
During development, the ventral mesentery becomes what 2 new mesenteries? -
ANSWER The lesser omentum and falciform ligament.
During development, the dorsal mesentery becomes what 4 new mesenteries? -
ANSWER The greater omentum, mesentery proper, transverse mesocolon, and sigmoid
mesocolon.
Lesser omentum - ANSWER Runs between stomach and liver
Falciform ligament - ANSWER Contains bile duct and hepatic portal vein; removed in
dissections.
Greater omentum - ANSWER Attached to greater curvature of stomach and covers
intestines.
Mesentery proper - ANSWER Posterior body wall to jejunum and ileum.
Transverse mesocolon - ANSWER Suspends transverse colon away from body wall.
Sigmoid mesocolon - ANSWER suspends the sigmoid colon from the posterior body
wall
Incarcerated small intestine - ANSWER Food gets trapped in sigmoid mesocolon
, How organs become retroperitoneal - ANSWER Certain regions of the gut tube start out
as suspended inside a mesentery, but then become adhered to the dorsal body wall. As
a result, these gut tube structures are immobile within the peritoneal cavity.
Retroperitoneal structures and organs - ANSWER Ascending colon and cecum,
pancreas, duodenum, descending colon, kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder.
The gastroduodenal artery branches into what? - ANSWER The right gastroepiploic
artery
the right gastroepiploic artery supplies what? - ANSWER The right greater curvature of
the stomach
The hepatic proper supplies what and gives off what branch? - ANSWER Supplies the
liver and gives off a right gastric artery
The right gastric artery supplies what? - ANSWER The right greater curvature of the
stomach
What does the gall bladder do? - ANSWER produces bile to help break down fat and
the bile goes through bile ducts.
How do superior and inferior mesenteric arteries get their names? - ANSWER These
arteries get their names because they and their corresponding veins are sandwiched
between mesentery
What is the purpose of the hepatic portal system? - ANSWER De-toxify the nutrients in
the blood from the gut tube organs. (theres lots of toxins in the blood and a buildup over
time can lead to a large liver)
Blood from the stomach, spleen, small intestine, and large intestine drains into what? -
ANSWER The hepatic portal vein
The hepatic portal vein is formed by the merging of what two large veins? - ANSWER
The superior mesenteric artery and the splenic artery.
Hepatic veins drain from what into what? - ANSWER Drain blood from liver capillaries
into the inferior vena cava
The inferior mesenteric vein drains into what? - ANSWER The splenic vein
Renal veins drain what? - ANSWER The kidneys
Gonadal veins drain what? - ANSWER The gonads
ANSWERS 2025 LATEST UPDATE
Sphincter - ANSWER Band of muscle that constricts or dilates
What structure in the abdomen forms a "box" - ANSWER Large intestine
What is a mesentery? - ANSWER Double layer of serous membrane in the peritoneum
only. Suspends part of gut tube into peritoneal cavity.
Intraperitoneal organs - ANSWER Organs such as small intestine, stomach, liver, etc.
are suspended into a celom by a mesentery and are mobile.
Early in development, a human has what 2 simple mesenteries? - ANSWER Dorsal and
ventral mesenteries
Rapid growth of the liver and rotation result in what? - ANSWER Results in the stomach
ending up on the left side and the liver moving to the right side of the abdomen.
During development, the ventral mesentery becomes what 2 new mesenteries? -
ANSWER The lesser omentum and falciform ligament.
During development, the dorsal mesentery becomes what 4 new mesenteries? -
ANSWER The greater omentum, mesentery proper, transverse mesocolon, and sigmoid
mesocolon.
Lesser omentum - ANSWER Runs between stomach and liver
Falciform ligament - ANSWER Contains bile duct and hepatic portal vein; removed in
dissections.
Greater omentum - ANSWER Attached to greater curvature of stomach and covers
intestines.
Mesentery proper - ANSWER Posterior body wall to jejunum and ileum.
Transverse mesocolon - ANSWER Suspends transverse colon away from body wall.
Sigmoid mesocolon - ANSWER suspends the sigmoid colon from the posterior body
wall
Incarcerated small intestine - ANSWER Food gets trapped in sigmoid mesocolon
, How organs become retroperitoneal - ANSWER Certain regions of the gut tube start out
as suspended inside a mesentery, but then become adhered to the dorsal body wall. As
a result, these gut tube structures are immobile within the peritoneal cavity.
Retroperitoneal structures and organs - ANSWER Ascending colon and cecum,
pancreas, duodenum, descending colon, kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder.
The gastroduodenal artery branches into what? - ANSWER The right gastroepiploic
artery
the right gastroepiploic artery supplies what? - ANSWER The right greater curvature of
the stomach
The hepatic proper supplies what and gives off what branch? - ANSWER Supplies the
liver and gives off a right gastric artery
The right gastric artery supplies what? - ANSWER The right greater curvature of the
stomach
What does the gall bladder do? - ANSWER produces bile to help break down fat and
the bile goes through bile ducts.
How do superior and inferior mesenteric arteries get their names? - ANSWER These
arteries get their names because they and their corresponding veins are sandwiched
between mesentery
What is the purpose of the hepatic portal system? - ANSWER De-toxify the nutrients in
the blood from the gut tube organs. (theres lots of toxins in the blood and a buildup over
time can lead to a large liver)
Blood from the stomach, spleen, small intestine, and large intestine drains into what? -
ANSWER The hepatic portal vein
The hepatic portal vein is formed by the merging of what two large veins? - ANSWER
The superior mesenteric artery and the splenic artery.
Hepatic veins drain from what into what? - ANSWER Drain blood from liver capillaries
into the inferior vena cava
The inferior mesenteric vein drains into what? - ANSWER The splenic vein
Renal veins drain what? - ANSWER The kidneys
Gonadal veins drain what? - ANSWER The gonads
