Quantum Physics Terms 2025/2026
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Photon - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔A discrete unit or package of light energy
Photoelectric Effect - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔The emission of electrons from a
metal when electromagnetic radiation of high enough frequency falls on the
surface
Threshold Frequency (f₀) - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔The minimum frequency of light
needed to eject electrons from a metal surface
Work Function (Φ) - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔The minimum energy needed to eject
electrons from the surface of a metal
Millikan's Stopping Potential Experiment - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔An experiment
utilizing reverse voltage raised to such a level (stopping potential Vs) that it
stops all emitted photoelectrons (NOTE: This experiment is used to test the
Einstein model of the explaining the photoelectric effect.)
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,de Broglie Hypothesis - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔All particles can behave like waves
whose wavelength is given by λ = h/p where h is Planck's constant and p is
the momentum of the particle.
Matter Waves - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔All moving particles have a "matter wave"
associated with them whose wavelength is the de Broglie wavelength.
Wave-Particle Duality - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Both matter and radiation have a
dual nature. They exhibit both particle and wave properties.
Davisson-Germer Experiment - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔An experiment showing
that electrons are scattered off crystals of nickel and interfere with each
other - also know as "electron diffraction" (NOTE: This experiment is
evidence for the existence of matter waves.)
Electron in a Box Model - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔A model of the atom useful for
explaining the origin of atomic energy levels: The model assumes that, if an
electron is confined to move in one dimension by a box, the de Broglie
waves associated with the electron will be standing waves of wavelength
2L/n where L is the length of the box and n is a positive integer. Further,
the kinetic energy of the electron in the box is (n²h²)/(8meL²)
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,Schrödinger Model of the Atom - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔This model assumes that
electrons in the atom may be described by wavefunctions. The electron has
an undefined position, but the square of the amplitude of the wavefunction
gives the probability of finding the electron at a particular point.
Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Conjugate quantities
(position-momentum or time-energy) cannot be known precisely at the
same time. (NOTE: There is a link between the uncertainty principle and
the de Broglie hypothesis. For example, if a particle has a uniquely defined
de Broglie wavelength, then its momentum is known precisely but all
knowledge of its position is lost.)
alpha rays - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Rays that are emitted when certain radioactive
atoms decay, and typically have an energy of about 5 MeV. Are also known
as alpha particles, consist of two protons and two neutrons (ppnn) bound
together into a particle identical to the nucleus of a helium atom (Z=2).
antimatter - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Type of matter predicted by Paul Dirac when
he attempted to write down a version of quantum mechanics that
incorporated Einstein's theory of special relativity. In the Standard Model,
every particle has a corresponding antiparticle that has the same mass but
opposite electric charge, baryon number, and strangeness. When a particle
COPYRIGHT©NINJANERD 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER: 619652435. TERMS OF USE. PRIVACY 3
STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
, meets its antiparticle counterpart, the pair annihilates: they disappear, and
their total energy is converted into other particles.
atomic number - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Denoted by Z, is the number of protons in
its nucleus. Determines an atom's place in the periodic table, and thus
which chemical element it is.
baryon - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Any particle in the Standard Model that is made of
three quarks. Protons and neutrons are the most familiar particles of this
type.
beta rays - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Rays also known as beta particles, are the
electrons emitted when a neutron in the
nucleus of a radioactive atom decays into a proton. They typically have an
energy of up to 2.5
MeV, sharing the total energy released in the radioactive decay with a
neutrino that is produced at the same time.
Bevatron - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔A particle accelerator operated at the Lawrence
Berkeley National Laboratory from 1954 to 1993. It was designed to test
the hypothesis that every particle has a corresponding antiparticle, and
accelerated protons to high enough energies (6.2 GeV) that antiprotons
COPYRIGHT©NINJANERD 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER: 619652435. TERMS OF USE. PRIVACY 4
STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
Exam Questions and Verified Answers |
Already Graded A+
Photon - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔A discrete unit or package of light energy
Photoelectric Effect - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔The emission of electrons from a
metal when electromagnetic radiation of high enough frequency falls on the
surface
Threshold Frequency (f₀) - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔The minimum frequency of light
needed to eject electrons from a metal surface
Work Function (Φ) - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔The minimum energy needed to eject
electrons from the surface of a metal
Millikan's Stopping Potential Experiment - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔An experiment
utilizing reverse voltage raised to such a level (stopping potential Vs) that it
stops all emitted photoelectrons (NOTE: This experiment is used to test the
Einstein model of the explaining the photoelectric effect.)
COPYRIGHT©NINJANERD 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER: 619652435. TERMS OF USE. PRIVACY 1
STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
,de Broglie Hypothesis - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔All particles can behave like waves
whose wavelength is given by λ = h/p where h is Planck's constant and p is
the momentum of the particle.
Matter Waves - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔All moving particles have a "matter wave"
associated with them whose wavelength is the de Broglie wavelength.
Wave-Particle Duality - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Both matter and radiation have a
dual nature. They exhibit both particle and wave properties.
Davisson-Germer Experiment - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔An experiment showing
that electrons are scattered off crystals of nickel and interfere with each
other - also know as "electron diffraction" (NOTE: This experiment is
evidence for the existence of matter waves.)
Electron in a Box Model - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔A model of the atom useful for
explaining the origin of atomic energy levels: The model assumes that, if an
electron is confined to move in one dimension by a box, the de Broglie
waves associated with the electron will be standing waves of wavelength
2L/n where L is the length of the box and n is a positive integer. Further,
the kinetic energy of the electron in the box is (n²h²)/(8meL²)
COPYRIGHT©NINJANERD 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER: 619652435. TERMS OF USE. PRIVACY 2
STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
,Schrödinger Model of the Atom - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔This model assumes that
electrons in the atom may be described by wavefunctions. The electron has
an undefined position, but the square of the amplitude of the wavefunction
gives the probability of finding the electron at a particular point.
Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Conjugate quantities
(position-momentum or time-energy) cannot be known precisely at the
same time. (NOTE: There is a link between the uncertainty principle and
the de Broglie hypothesis. For example, if a particle has a uniquely defined
de Broglie wavelength, then its momentum is known precisely but all
knowledge of its position is lost.)
alpha rays - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Rays that are emitted when certain radioactive
atoms decay, and typically have an energy of about 5 MeV. Are also known
as alpha particles, consist of two protons and two neutrons (ppnn) bound
together into a particle identical to the nucleus of a helium atom (Z=2).
antimatter - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Type of matter predicted by Paul Dirac when
he attempted to write down a version of quantum mechanics that
incorporated Einstein's theory of special relativity. In the Standard Model,
every particle has a corresponding antiparticle that has the same mass but
opposite electric charge, baryon number, and strangeness. When a particle
COPYRIGHT©NINJANERD 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER: 619652435. TERMS OF USE. PRIVACY 3
STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
, meets its antiparticle counterpart, the pair annihilates: they disappear, and
their total energy is converted into other particles.
atomic number - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Denoted by Z, is the number of protons in
its nucleus. Determines an atom's place in the periodic table, and thus
which chemical element it is.
baryon - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Any particle in the Standard Model that is made of
three quarks. Protons and neutrons are the most familiar particles of this
type.
beta rays - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Rays also known as beta particles, are the
electrons emitted when a neutron in the
nucleus of a radioactive atom decays into a proton. They typically have an
energy of up to 2.5
MeV, sharing the total energy released in the radioactive decay with a
neutrino that is produced at the same time.
Bevatron - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔A particle accelerator operated at the Lawrence
Berkeley National Laboratory from 1954 to 1993. It was designed to test
the hypothesis that every particle has a corresponding antiparticle, and
accelerated protons to high enough energies (6.2 GeV) that antiprotons
COPYRIGHT©NINJANERD 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER: 619652435. TERMS OF USE. PRIVACY 4
STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
