Test Bank For A Concise Introduction to Logic 14th Edition By Patrick J. Hurley

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Chapter 1 Test Abb bb bb




MULTIPLE b b CHOICE

INSTRUCTIONS: The following selections relate to distinguishing arguments from bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb


nonargumentsand identifying conclusions. Select the best answer for each.
bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb




1. There appears to be a growing happiness
bb gap between men and women. Women
bb bb bb bb bb b b bb bb bb bb bb


today are workingmore and
bb relaxing less,
bb while men
bb are working bb b b b b b b bb b b b b


b less
b and relaxing more. Forty
b years ago a typical woman spent 40
b b b b b bb b b bb bb bb bb bb bb


b minutes
b more per week than the typical man performing an activity
b b bb b b bb bb bb b b bb bb bb


considered unpleasant. Today, with men working less, the gap is 90 minutes and
bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb


b growing.
b


a. Argument; conclusion: Today ... the gap is 90 minutes
bb bb and growing. b b b b bb bb b b b b b b bb bb b b b b b b


b. Nonargument.
c. Argument; conclusion: Forty years ago ... an activity considered
b b unpleasant. b b b b b b b b b b bb bb b b b b b b


d. Argument; conclusion: There appears to be ... between
b b men and women. bb bb b b b b b b bb bb b b b b bb bb bb bb


e. Argument; conclusion: Women today are working more bb bb bb bb bb bb




bb and relaxing less.ANS:
bb bb D b b PTS: b b 2

2. Lead is toxic, but do you know why? Lead is toxic
bb bb bb mainly because it b b b b b b b b bb bb b b b b bb bb


preferentially replaces other metals in biochemical reactions.
bb In so doing it interferes
bb bb bb bb bb bb b b bb bb bb bb


with the proteins that regulate blood pressure(which
bb bb bb can cause development
bb bb bb bb b b b b b b


b delays
b in children and high blood pressure
b b in adults), heme
b b b b b b b b bb b b b b bb


production(which
b b can lead to anemia), and sperm production. Lead b b b b b b b b b b b b b b bb


b also
b displaces calcium inb theb reactions that transmit electrical b b bb b b b b b b b b b b


b impulses
b in the brain, which diminishes b the ability
b to think and recall
b b bb b b b b b b b b b b bb bb bb


information.
bb


Anne Marie Helmstine, "Your Guide b b b b b b b b b b b b to
Chemistry" b b


a. Argument; conclusion: It interferes with the proteins
bb bb ... and sperm bb b b b b b b b b b b b b b b bb bb b b b b


production.
b b


b. Argument; conclusion: Lead is toxic. b b b b b b b b


c. Nonargument.
d. Argument; conclusion: It preferentially replaces other metals in biochemical
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b


reactions.
b b


e. Argument; conclusion: Lead also displaces calcium bb bb bb bb bb




bb ... recall information.ANS:
bb bb C PTS: b b 2

3. Aristotle focused on clarifying the concept
bb of virtue itself. He argued that
bb it bb bb bb b b b b bb b b bb bb b b


b wasb virtuous to choose theproper amount
b b of emotion and/or action called for in a
bb bb bb bb b b bb bb bb bb bb bb bb


particular situation and that extremes of emotion and action were vices.
bb bb In all bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb b b bb


communities
bb there are some men of practical wisdom who have the capacity to
b b bb bb bb b b bb bb b b bb bb bb


judge
bb wisely. Aristotle argued that
b b they have the capacity to follow the "right
b b bb bb b b b b bb bb bb bb bb bb


rule" whatever the situation.
bb bb bb bb


David Cooper, Value Pluralism and Ethical b b bb bb b b bb b b


Choice b b


a. Argument; conclusion: In all communities ... capacity to judge
b b wisely. b b b b b b bb bb bb bb bb bb b b b b b b


b. Argument; conclusion: Aristotle focused on clarifying the
b b concept of virtue b b b b b b b b b b bb b b b b b b


itself. b b


c. Argument; conclusion: They have the capacity to
b b follow
b b ... the situation. b b b b b b bb bb b b bb bb b b bb bb b b


d. Argument; conclusion: He argued that it was virtuous ...
b b were vices b b b b bb b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b


e. Nonargument.
ANS: E PTS: 2

4. Illegal immigrants pay b blocal sales taxes, and many of b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b them also b b


b pay state,
b local, and federal income
b b b b b b bb bb taxand
b Social
b Security tax. They also b purchase
b items from b b b b b b b b b b b b b b local
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bb
Material
increasing the
b b amount these merchants pay
bb in taxes.b Inb b b b b b b b b b b b b


b addition,
b they work b forb low salaries, bbwhich increases b bthe b b b b b b bb


b earnings of their employers and the amount
b b b b b of taxes these employers
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b


pay. Thus, it is not correct to say that
b b b b b b bb b b b b illegal b b bb bb


immigrants contribute nothing to the communities in which they live.
bb bb bb bb bb bb b b bb bb bb


a. Argument; conclusion: b bIt is
b b not correct to say ... communities
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b bb bb b b b b in b b


which they
bb live.
b b b b




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b. Argument; conclusion: b b b b b b They b b work for low salaries ... these employers
b b bb bb b b b b b b b b b b b b pay.
c. Argument; conclusion: b b b b Illegal b b immigrants pay ...
b b Social Security tax. b b b b b b b b b b


d. Argument; conclusion: b b b b bb bbThey b b also purchase items bb... pay in
b b taxes. b b bb bb b b b b b b b b


e. Nonargument.
ANS: A PTS: 2

5. Numerous studies have indicated that women of color, black women in particular, are over-
bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb


arrested,
bb over-indicted, and over-sentenced.
b bAfrican-American women are b b b b b b b b bb b b


seven times more likely to be arrested for prostitution than women of
bb bb b b other ethnic bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb b b b b


groups. Black women have received significantly longer sentences for crimes against
bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb


property and served longer periods in prison. For both murder anddrug offenses,
bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb


Euroamerican women ended up serving one-third less time for the same offenses than
bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb


black women.
bb bb


Nancy Kurshan, "Women and Imprisonment b b b b b b b b


in
the U.S." b b bb


a. Argument; conclusion: African-American women ... other ethnic groups.
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b


b. Nonargument.
c. Argument; conclusion: For both murder and drug offenses
b b ... black b b b b b b b b b b b b b b bb b b b b


women. b b


d. Argument; conclusion: Numerous studies have indicated ... over-sentenced.
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b


e. Argument; conclusion: Black women have received ... longer bb bb bb bb bb bb bb




bb periods in prison.ANS: bb bb B b b PTS: b b 2

6. It's even more important these days that your computer
b b b b b b be protected by a
b b b b b b bb b b b b bb bb bb


b bfirewall.
There are criminal elements lurking in the shadows of cyberspace who send out
bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb


bbprobes to detect unprotected PCs. Once avulnerable computer is found, these
bb bb b b bb bb bb bb bb bb bb


bbcriminals install software that assists them in committing identity theft and fencing
bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb


bbstolen IDs. They also defraud online advertisers by using these zombie computers to
bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb b b bb bb bb


visit pay-per-click ads.
bb bb bb


a. Argument; conclusion: There are criminal elements
b b ... to detect unprotected b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b


PCs. b b


b. Argument; conclusion: Once a vulnerable computer
bb bb ... fencing stolen IDs. bb bb b b bb bb b b bb bb b b b b b b


c. Nonargument.
d. Argument; conclusion: They also defraud ... tob b visit pay-per-click ads. b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b


e. Argument; conclusion: It's even more important ... bb bb b b bb bb bb




bb protected by a firewall.ANS:E bb bb bb PTS: b b 2

7. The earth is of interest to astronomy for many reasons. Nearly all
observations must be made
bb through the atmosphere, and the bb b b b b b b b b b b


phenomena
b b of the upper atmosphere and the magnetosphere reflect the
b b b b b b bb b b b b b b bb bb bb


state ofinterplanetary space. The earth is also the most important object of comparison
bb bb bb b b b b bb bb bb b b b b bb bb bb


for planetologists.
bb bb


Hannu Karttunen, et al., Fundamental b b b b b b b b


Astronomy b b


a. Argument; conclusion: The phenomena ... state ofb b interplanetary space. b b b b bb bb b b b b b b b b b b


b. Argument; conclusion: The earth is also ... for
bb bb planetologists. b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b


c. Argument; conclusion: The earth is of interest to astronomy.
b b b b b b b b bb b b bb bb bb bb b b


d. Nonargument.
e. Argument; conclusion: Nearly all observations ... bb bb bb bb bb




bb through the atmosphere.ANS: C bb bb PTS: b b 2

8. If the trade in tiger products
bb bb is banned, tiger reserves
bb are guarded by well
bb equipped
bb b b bb bb bb b b bb bb bb b b


staff, communitiesabutting
bb tiger
bb habitat are given a
stake in protecting tigers, and b b b b


the makers of traditional medicines canbe persuaded that tiger parts are not
b b bb bb bb bb bb bb b b bb bb


needed, then tiger poaching will be
bb halted,
bb habitat and life sustaining prey
bb will
bb bb bb b b b b bb bb bb bb b b



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