Kathleen Jasper Social Studies Praxis
5004
European Colonization - answer Key Motives:
Spanish - Gold, Northwest Passage
French - Spread Christianity, Northwest Passage
England - Colonize, Northwest Passage
Christopher Columbus - answer Made one of the most famous voyages of exploration in
1492 when he sailed from Palos, Spain in search of a route to Asia and the Indies.
Instead, Columbus found the New World - The Americas.
Hernan Cortes - answer In 1519, Cortes landed in Mexico with 600 men and fewer than
200 horses. Upon discovering the vast Aztec wealth, Cortes' motivations quickly
changed from colonization and Christianity to acquiring gold. Cortes began the first
phase of the Spanish colonization of the Americas and conquered the Aztec empire.
Exploration of the Americas Timeline: 1000 - answer Leif Erikson discovers Vinland
(New England).
Exploration of the Americas Timeline: 1492 - answerChristopher Columbus discovers
the New World (Hispaniola, San Salvador).
Exploration of the Americas Timeline: 1497 - answerJohn Cabot discovers continental
North America.
Exploration of the Americas Timeline: 1507 - answerNew World named after Amerigo
Vespucci.
Exploration of the Americas Timeline: 1513 - answerVasco Nunez de Balboa discovers
the Pacific Ocean.
Exploration of the Americas Timeline: 1519 - answerHernan Cortes conquers Mexico by
defeating the Aztecs and their leader Montezuma. The victory gave Spain a stronghold
over Central American land and gold for years to come.
Exploration of the Americas Timeline: 1521 - answerFerdinand Magellan sails around
the world.
St. Augustine - answerThe oldest city in the United States is St. Augustine, founded in
1565 by the Spanish. Ponce de Leon, a Spanish conquistador, explored St. Augustine
looking for gold and other resources.
,Jamestown - answerJamestown, Virginia was the first permanent English colony in the
Americas and was established in 1607.
Plymouth Colony - answerPlymouth Colony, America's first permanent Puritan
settlement, was established by English Separatist Puritans in December 1620. The
Pilgrims left England to see religious freedom.
Rhode Island Colony - answerFounded in 1636 by Roger Williams, an English Puritan
who advocated for religious freedom and the fair treatment of Native Americans (The
Editors of Encyclopedia Britannica, n.d.).
The House of Burgesses - answerThe House of Burgesses at Jamestown, Virginia, was
the first legislative assembly in the colonies. The main player or name associated with
the House of Burgesses is George Yeardley, who was Governor of the Virginia Colony.
New England Colonies - answerNew Hampshire, Massachusetts, Rhode Island,
Connecticut
Middle Colonies - answerNew York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware
Southern Colonies - answerMaryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia
The Mayflower - answerAn English ship that transported the Puritans from England to
the New World. The ship has become a cultural icon in the history of the United States.
The Mayflower Compact - answerThe first document of self-governance signed by the
passengers of the Mayflower on September 16, 1620.
The American Revolution - answerThe colonists' revolt against Great Britain from about
1765 to 1783. It began with a series of British taxes imposed on the colonists, which led
to a clash of political ideologies, protests, and war. With the help of the French, the
American colonists fought the British and won their independence. The 13 colonies
formed the United States of America.
Stamp Act - answerThe Stamp Act was a tax put on the American colonies by the
British in 1765.
Townshend Acts - answerA series of laws passed by the British Parliament in 1767. The
laws taxed goods (paper, paint, lead, glass, and tea) imported to the American colonies
and established the following:
- American Customs Board in Boston to collect taxes
- Courts in America to prosecute smugglers (without using a local jury)
- The right of British officials to search colonists' houses and businesses
,Boston Massacre - answerConfrontation where a British soldier shot and killed several
people in Boston. Leading patriots like Paul Revere and Samuel Adams used this as
propaganda for the Revolutionary War.
Boston Tea Party - answerA protest by the American Colonists against the British
government. It occured on December 16, 1773.
- A result of the Tea Tax of 1773
- Dumped 90,000 pounds of tea into Boston Harbor
- Perpetrated by the Sons of Liberty
Sons of Liberty - answerA secret organization created in the 13 American Colonies to
advance the rights of the colonists and to fight taxation by the British government.
George Washington - answerMilitary general and 1st U.S. president
John Adams - answerLawyer and diplomat, 2nd U.S. president
Sam Adams - answerFounding father, politician
Paul Revere - answerPatriot, midnight ride, "The British are coming..."
Thomas Jefferson - answerFounding father, 3rd U.S. president, principal author of the
Declaration of Independence
Alexander Hamilton - answerFounding father, Federalist
John Locke - answerPhilosopher of the social contract theory, impacted the Declaration
of Independence
Samuel Adams - answerPolitical writer, founder of the Sons of Liberty
Benedict Arnold - answerBusinessman, future general in the Continental Army, traitor,
and coward
John Hancock - answerMerchant, smuggler, fire warden
Patrick Henry - answerLawyer from Virginia, served as Virginia's first governor, leader of
the Anti-Federalists who opposed the ratification of the 1787 U.S. Constitution
Paul Revere - answerSilversmith from Boston, charged with notifying colonial militia of
British troop movements prior to the Battle of Lexington and Concord
John Brown - answerBusinessman from Rhode Island First Political Parties
Federalist Party - answerCreated by Alexander Hamilton; considered the "big
government party"
, Democratic-Republican Party - answerCreated by Thomas Jefferson and James
Madison; considered the "small government party"
Republican Party - answerHenry Clay faction
Democratic Party - answerAndrew Jackson faction
Whig Party - answer- An opposition to Jackson
- Transitioned into the Republican party
Magna Carta - answerEnglish common law signed in 1212, which established that
individuals have natural rights of security, liberty, and property.
Articles of Confederation - answerFirst U.S. Constitution, weak central government,
inability to levy taxes, inability to regulate interstate and international trade, each state
was represented by one vote regardless of its size.
Constitutional Convention - answerMeeting with delegates to establish a stronger
constitution. The opposition felt the Constitution increased the power of the executive
branch but failed to provide protection of individual rights. Eventually, the Bill of Rights
was added to appease the anti-federalists and ratify the Constitution in 1787.
Presidents of the Early Republic under the U.S. Constitution - answerGeorge
Washington, John Adams, Thomas Jefferson, James Madison
George Washington (1789-1797) - answerNo political party affiliation; former military
general; severed 2 terms
John Adams (1797-1801) - answerFederalist; favored a strong central government;
served one term
Thomas Jefferson (1801-1809) - answerDemocratic-Republican; brokered the Louisiana
Purchase; served 2 terms
James Madison (1809-1817) - answerDemocratic-Republican; president during the War
of 1812 and the burning of the national capital; served 2 terms
Westward Expansion - answerthe movement of settlers into the American West from
about 1840-1850; the primary factors were population growth and search for new land
for economic benefit; was fueled by the Gold Rush, the Oregon Trail, and the belief in
Manifest Destiny
Gold Rush - answerWhen gold was discovered in California in 1848, people from
California were the first to rush to the goldfields
5004
European Colonization - answer Key Motives:
Spanish - Gold, Northwest Passage
French - Spread Christianity, Northwest Passage
England - Colonize, Northwest Passage
Christopher Columbus - answer Made one of the most famous voyages of exploration in
1492 when he sailed from Palos, Spain in search of a route to Asia and the Indies.
Instead, Columbus found the New World - The Americas.
Hernan Cortes - answer In 1519, Cortes landed in Mexico with 600 men and fewer than
200 horses. Upon discovering the vast Aztec wealth, Cortes' motivations quickly
changed from colonization and Christianity to acquiring gold. Cortes began the first
phase of the Spanish colonization of the Americas and conquered the Aztec empire.
Exploration of the Americas Timeline: 1000 - answer Leif Erikson discovers Vinland
(New England).
Exploration of the Americas Timeline: 1492 - answerChristopher Columbus discovers
the New World (Hispaniola, San Salvador).
Exploration of the Americas Timeline: 1497 - answerJohn Cabot discovers continental
North America.
Exploration of the Americas Timeline: 1507 - answerNew World named after Amerigo
Vespucci.
Exploration of the Americas Timeline: 1513 - answerVasco Nunez de Balboa discovers
the Pacific Ocean.
Exploration of the Americas Timeline: 1519 - answerHernan Cortes conquers Mexico by
defeating the Aztecs and their leader Montezuma. The victory gave Spain a stronghold
over Central American land and gold for years to come.
Exploration of the Americas Timeline: 1521 - answerFerdinand Magellan sails around
the world.
St. Augustine - answerThe oldest city in the United States is St. Augustine, founded in
1565 by the Spanish. Ponce de Leon, a Spanish conquistador, explored St. Augustine
looking for gold and other resources.
,Jamestown - answerJamestown, Virginia was the first permanent English colony in the
Americas and was established in 1607.
Plymouth Colony - answerPlymouth Colony, America's first permanent Puritan
settlement, was established by English Separatist Puritans in December 1620. The
Pilgrims left England to see religious freedom.
Rhode Island Colony - answerFounded in 1636 by Roger Williams, an English Puritan
who advocated for religious freedom and the fair treatment of Native Americans (The
Editors of Encyclopedia Britannica, n.d.).
The House of Burgesses - answerThe House of Burgesses at Jamestown, Virginia, was
the first legislative assembly in the colonies. The main player or name associated with
the House of Burgesses is George Yeardley, who was Governor of the Virginia Colony.
New England Colonies - answerNew Hampshire, Massachusetts, Rhode Island,
Connecticut
Middle Colonies - answerNew York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware
Southern Colonies - answerMaryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia
The Mayflower - answerAn English ship that transported the Puritans from England to
the New World. The ship has become a cultural icon in the history of the United States.
The Mayflower Compact - answerThe first document of self-governance signed by the
passengers of the Mayflower on September 16, 1620.
The American Revolution - answerThe colonists' revolt against Great Britain from about
1765 to 1783. It began with a series of British taxes imposed on the colonists, which led
to a clash of political ideologies, protests, and war. With the help of the French, the
American colonists fought the British and won their independence. The 13 colonies
formed the United States of America.
Stamp Act - answerThe Stamp Act was a tax put on the American colonies by the
British in 1765.
Townshend Acts - answerA series of laws passed by the British Parliament in 1767. The
laws taxed goods (paper, paint, lead, glass, and tea) imported to the American colonies
and established the following:
- American Customs Board in Boston to collect taxes
- Courts in America to prosecute smugglers (without using a local jury)
- The right of British officials to search colonists' houses and businesses
,Boston Massacre - answerConfrontation where a British soldier shot and killed several
people in Boston. Leading patriots like Paul Revere and Samuel Adams used this as
propaganda for the Revolutionary War.
Boston Tea Party - answerA protest by the American Colonists against the British
government. It occured on December 16, 1773.
- A result of the Tea Tax of 1773
- Dumped 90,000 pounds of tea into Boston Harbor
- Perpetrated by the Sons of Liberty
Sons of Liberty - answerA secret organization created in the 13 American Colonies to
advance the rights of the colonists and to fight taxation by the British government.
George Washington - answerMilitary general and 1st U.S. president
John Adams - answerLawyer and diplomat, 2nd U.S. president
Sam Adams - answerFounding father, politician
Paul Revere - answerPatriot, midnight ride, "The British are coming..."
Thomas Jefferson - answerFounding father, 3rd U.S. president, principal author of the
Declaration of Independence
Alexander Hamilton - answerFounding father, Federalist
John Locke - answerPhilosopher of the social contract theory, impacted the Declaration
of Independence
Samuel Adams - answerPolitical writer, founder of the Sons of Liberty
Benedict Arnold - answerBusinessman, future general in the Continental Army, traitor,
and coward
John Hancock - answerMerchant, smuggler, fire warden
Patrick Henry - answerLawyer from Virginia, served as Virginia's first governor, leader of
the Anti-Federalists who opposed the ratification of the 1787 U.S. Constitution
Paul Revere - answerSilversmith from Boston, charged with notifying colonial militia of
British troop movements prior to the Battle of Lexington and Concord
John Brown - answerBusinessman from Rhode Island First Political Parties
Federalist Party - answerCreated by Alexander Hamilton; considered the "big
government party"
, Democratic-Republican Party - answerCreated by Thomas Jefferson and James
Madison; considered the "small government party"
Republican Party - answerHenry Clay faction
Democratic Party - answerAndrew Jackson faction
Whig Party - answer- An opposition to Jackson
- Transitioned into the Republican party
Magna Carta - answerEnglish common law signed in 1212, which established that
individuals have natural rights of security, liberty, and property.
Articles of Confederation - answerFirst U.S. Constitution, weak central government,
inability to levy taxes, inability to regulate interstate and international trade, each state
was represented by one vote regardless of its size.
Constitutional Convention - answerMeeting with delegates to establish a stronger
constitution. The opposition felt the Constitution increased the power of the executive
branch but failed to provide protection of individual rights. Eventually, the Bill of Rights
was added to appease the anti-federalists and ratify the Constitution in 1787.
Presidents of the Early Republic under the U.S. Constitution - answerGeorge
Washington, John Adams, Thomas Jefferson, James Madison
George Washington (1789-1797) - answerNo political party affiliation; former military
general; severed 2 terms
John Adams (1797-1801) - answerFederalist; favored a strong central government;
served one term
Thomas Jefferson (1801-1809) - answerDemocratic-Republican; brokered the Louisiana
Purchase; served 2 terms
James Madison (1809-1817) - answerDemocratic-Republican; president during the War
of 1812 and the burning of the national capital; served 2 terms
Westward Expansion - answerthe movement of settlers into the American West from
about 1840-1850; the primary factors were population growth and search for new land
for economic benefit; was fueled by the Gold Rush, the Oregon Trail, and the belief in
Manifest Destiny
Gold Rush - answerWhen gold was discovered in California in 1848, people from
California were the first to rush to the goldfields
