VATI Med- u
Surg Pre andPost Assess
u u u u
ment Exam 2025 Questi u u u
ons and Correct Answer
u u u
s
Aunurseuisucaringuforuauclientuwhouhasuanuendotrachealutubeuanduisureceivingumechanicaluv
entilation.uWhichuofutheufollowinguinterventionsushouldutheunurseutakeutoureduceutheurisk
uforuventilator-associatedupneumonia?
A. Positionutheuheaduofutheuclient'subeduinutheuflatuposition.
B. Turnutheuclientueveryu4uhr.
C. Rinseutheuclient'sumouthuwithuanuantimicrobialusolutionueveryu4uhr.
D. Performuhanduhygieneupriorutousuctioningutheuclient'suendotrachealutube.uCORRECTu
ANSWER:uC.uRinseutheuclient'sumouthuwithuanuantimicrobialusolutionueveryu4uhr.
Theunurseushouldubrushutheuclient'suteethueveryu8uhruandurinseutheuclient'sumouthuwithuanu
antimicrobialurinseueveryu2uhrutoureduceutheugrowthuofubacteria.
Theunurseushoulduelevateutheuheaduofutheuclient'subedu30°utoureduceutheuriskuforuaspirationu
andupneumonia.uTheunurseushoulduturnutheuclientueveryu2uhrutoupromoteulunguexpansionu
andureduceutheuriskuforupneumonia.uTheunurseushoulduperformuhanduhygieneupriorutousuc
tioningutheuclient'suendotrachealutubeutoureduceutheuriskuofuintroducingubacteria.
Aunurseuisuprovidinguinstructionutouaunewunurseuaboutucaringuforuclientsuwhouareureceivin
gudiureticutherapyutoutreatuheartufailure.uTheunurseushoulduexplainuthatuwhichuofutheufollo
wingumedicationsuputsuclientsuaturiskuforubothuhyperkalemiauanduhyponatremia?
A. Furosemide
B. Hydrochlorothiazide
C. Metolazone
D. Spironolactoneu CORRECTuANSWER:uD.uSpironolactone
Spironolactoneuisuaupotassium-
sparingudiuretic.uItublocksutheueffectsuofualdosteroneuinutheurenalutubules,ucausinguaulossuofu
sodiumuanduwateruandutheuretentionuofupotassium.uTheupossibleuadverseureactionsuinclud
euhyperkalemiauanduhyponatremia.
Furosemideuisuauhigh-
ceilingu(loop)udiureticuthatuincreasesutheuriskuofuhyponatremiauanduhypokalemia,unotuhyp
,erkalemia.uHydrochlorothiazideuisuauthiazideudiureticuthat
, increasesutheuriskuofuhypokalemia,unotuhyperkalemia.uMetolazoneuisuauthiazideudiureticuth
atuincreasesutheuriskuofuhyponatremiauanduhypokalemia,unotuhyperkalemia.
Aunurseuisureviewingutheumedicalurecorduofuauclientuwhouhasuaupepticuulcer.uWhichuofutheufo
llowingufindingsushouldutheunurseurecognizeuasuauriskufactoruforuthisumedication?
A. Historyuofubulimia
B. HistoryuofuNSAIDuuse
C. Drinksugreenutea
D. HasuauglassuofuwineuwithudinnerueachudayuCORRECTuANSWER:uB.uHistoryuofu
NSAIDuuse
Theunurseushouldurecognizeuthatulong-
termuuseuofuNSAIDsuisuauriskufactoruforupepticuulcerudisease.uNSAIDsubreakudownutheumuc
osalubarrieruanducauseuproductionuofuprostaglandinsutoudecrease,uwhichuresultsuinulocalug
astricumucosaluinjury.
Aunurseuisuplanningucareuforuauclientufollowinguaucardiacucatheterizationuaccesseduthroughu
hisufemoraluartery.uWhichuofutheufollowinguactionsushouldutheuplanutoutake?
A. Instructutheuclientutouperformurange-of-motionuexercisesutouhisuloweruextremities.
B. Performuneurovascularuchecksuwithuvitalusigns.
C. Ambulateutheuclientu1uhrufollowingutheuprocedure.
D. Restrictutheuclient'sufluiduintake.uCORRECTuANSWER:uB.uPerformuneurovascularu
checksuwithuvitalusigns.
Theunurseushoulduassessucolor,utemperature,uandupulseuinutheuaffecteduextremityuandumo
nitorutheuclientuforuneurovascularuchangesuthatucanuindicateuaustroke,usuchuasuslurreduspee
chuanduvisualudisturbances.
Theuclientushouldukeeputheuextremityuofutheuinsertionusiteustraightutoureduceutheuriskuforubl
eeding.uAukneeubraceumightubeuusedutourestrictumovement.uTheuclientushoulduremainuonube
durestuforu2utou6uhrufollowingutheuprocedureutoureduceutheuriskuforubleeding.uTheunurseusho
ulduincreaseufluiduintakeufollowinguaucardiacucatheterizationutoupromoteuexcretionuofutheuc
ontrastumediumuandureduceutheuriskuforudehydration.
AunurseuisucaringuforuauclientuwhouisureceivinguIVufluidsutoucorrectudehydration.uWhichuofu
theufollowingulaboratoryuvaluesushoulduindicateutoutheunurseuthatutheuclientuisueffectivelyu
respondingutoutreatment?
A. Sodiumu165umEq/L
B. Potassiumu5.2umEq/L
C. Urineuspecificugravityu1.020
D. Hctu62%u CORRECTuANSWER:uC.uUrineuspecificugravityu1.020
Inucasesuofudehydrationuorufluiduvolumeudeficit,utheukidneyureabsorbsualluavailableuwater,u
makingutheuurineumoreuconcentrateduanduincreasingutheuurineuspecificugravity.uAuleveluof
Surg Pre andPost Assess
u u u u
ment Exam 2025 Questi u u u
ons and Correct Answer
u u u
s
Aunurseuisucaringuforuauclientuwhouhasuanuendotrachealutubeuanduisureceivingumechanicaluv
entilation.uWhichuofutheufollowinguinterventionsushouldutheunurseutakeutoureduceutheurisk
uforuventilator-associatedupneumonia?
A. Positionutheuheaduofutheuclient'subeduinutheuflatuposition.
B. Turnutheuclientueveryu4uhr.
C. Rinseutheuclient'sumouthuwithuanuantimicrobialusolutionueveryu4uhr.
D. Performuhanduhygieneupriorutousuctioningutheuclient'suendotrachealutube.uCORRECTu
ANSWER:uC.uRinseutheuclient'sumouthuwithuanuantimicrobialusolutionueveryu4uhr.
Theunurseushouldubrushutheuclient'suteethueveryu8uhruandurinseutheuclient'sumouthuwithuanu
antimicrobialurinseueveryu2uhrutoureduceutheugrowthuofubacteria.
Theunurseushoulduelevateutheuheaduofutheuclient'subedu30°utoureduceutheuriskuforuaspirationu
andupneumonia.uTheunurseushoulduturnutheuclientueveryu2uhrutoupromoteulunguexpansionu
andureduceutheuriskuforupneumonia.uTheunurseushoulduperformuhanduhygieneupriorutousuc
tioningutheuclient'suendotrachealutubeutoureduceutheuriskuofuintroducingubacteria.
Aunurseuisuprovidinguinstructionutouaunewunurseuaboutucaringuforuclientsuwhouareureceivin
gudiureticutherapyutoutreatuheartufailure.uTheunurseushoulduexplainuthatuwhichuofutheufollo
wingumedicationsuputsuclientsuaturiskuforubothuhyperkalemiauanduhyponatremia?
A. Furosemide
B. Hydrochlorothiazide
C. Metolazone
D. Spironolactoneu CORRECTuANSWER:uD.uSpironolactone
Spironolactoneuisuaupotassium-
sparingudiuretic.uItublocksutheueffectsuofualdosteroneuinutheurenalutubules,ucausinguaulossuofu
sodiumuanduwateruandutheuretentionuofupotassium.uTheupossibleuadverseureactionsuinclud
euhyperkalemiauanduhyponatremia.
Furosemideuisuauhigh-
ceilingu(loop)udiureticuthatuincreasesutheuriskuofuhyponatremiauanduhypokalemia,unotuhyp
,erkalemia.uHydrochlorothiazideuisuauthiazideudiureticuthat
, increasesutheuriskuofuhypokalemia,unotuhyperkalemia.uMetolazoneuisuauthiazideudiureticuth
atuincreasesutheuriskuofuhyponatremiauanduhypokalemia,unotuhyperkalemia.
Aunurseuisureviewingutheumedicalurecorduofuauclientuwhouhasuaupepticuulcer.uWhichuofutheufo
llowingufindingsushouldutheunurseurecognizeuasuauriskufactoruforuthisumedication?
A. Historyuofubulimia
B. HistoryuofuNSAIDuuse
C. Drinksugreenutea
D. HasuauglassuofuwineuwithudinnerueachudayuCORRECTuANSWER:uB.uHistoryuofu
NSAIDuuse
Theunurseushouldurecognizeuthatulong-
termuuseuofuNSAIDsuisuauriskufactoruforupepticuulcerudisease.uNSAIDsubreakudownutheumuc
osalubarrieruanducauseuproductionuofuprostaglandinsutoudecrease,uwhichuresultsuinulocalug
astricumucosaluinjury.
Aunurseuisuplanningucareuforuauclientufollowinguaucardiacucatheterizationuaccesseduthroughu
hisufemoraluartery.uWhichuofutheufollowinguactionsushouldutheuplanutoutake?
A. Instructutheuclientutouperformurange-of-motionuexercisesutouhisuloweruextremities.
B. Performuneurovascularuchecksuwithuvitalusigns.
C. Ambulateutheuclientu1uhrufollowingutheuprocedure.
D. Restrictutheuclient'sufluiduintake.uCORRECTuANSWER:uB.uPerformuneurovascularu
checksuwithuvitalusigns.
Theunurseushoulduassessucolor,utemperature,uandupulseuinutheuaffecteduextremityuandumo
nitorutheuclientuforuneurovascularuchangesuthatucanuindicateuaustroke,usuchuasuslurreduspee
chuanduvisualudisturbances.
Theuclientushouldukeeputheuextremityuofutheuinsertionusiteustraightutoureduceutheuriskuforubl
eeding.uAukneeubraceumightubeuusedutourestrictumovement.uTheuclientushoulduremainuonube
durestuforu2utou6uhrufollowingutheuprocedureutoureduceutheuriskuforubleeding.uTheunurseusho
ulduincreaseufluiduintakeufollowinguaucardiacucatheterizationutoupromoteuexcretionuofutheuc
ontrastumediumuandureduceutheuriskuforudehydration.
AunurseuisucaringuforuauclientuwhouisureceivinguIVufluidsutoucorrectudehydration.uWhichuofu
theufollowingulaboratoryuvaluesushoulduindicateutoutheunurseuthatutheuclientuisueffectivelyu
respondingutoutreatment?
A. Sodiumu165umEq/L
B. Potassiumu5.2umEq/L
C. Urineuspecificugravityu1.020
D. Hctu62%u CORRECTuANSWER:uC.uUrineuspecificugravityu1.020
Inucasesuofudehydrationuorufluiduvolumeudeficit,utheukidneyureabsorbsualluavailableuwater,u
makingutheuurineumoreuconcentrateduanduincreasingutheuurineuspecificugravity.uAuleveluof
