CAMPBELL BIOLOGY(12th edition)
UNIT 2
The Cell
1. A Tour of the Cell
Content:
Cells are the basic structural and functional units of life. There are two
main cell types:
Prokaryotic Cells: Smaller, simpler cells without a nucleus (e.g.,
bacteria).
Eukaryotic Cells: Larger, more complex cells with a nucleus and
organelles (e.g., animal and plant cells).
, Key Organelles:
1. Nucleus: Stores genetic material (DNA).
2. Ribosomes: Sites of protein synthesis.
3. Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER):
Smooth ER: Lipid synthesis and detoxification.
Rough ER: Protein synthesis with ribosomes attached.
4. Golgi Apparatus: Modifies and packages proteins.
5. Mitochondria: Powerhouse of the cell, generating ATP.
6. Chloroplasts (in plants): Sites of photosynthesis.
7. Lysosomes: Contain enzymes for digestion.
8. Cytoskeleton: Provides structural support and aids in cell
movement.
UNIT 2
The Cell
1. A Tour of the Cell
Content:
Cells are the basic structural and functional units of life. There are two
main cell types:
Prokaryotic Cells: Smaller, simpler cells without a nucleus (e.g.,
bacteria).
Eukaryotic Cells: Larger, more complex cells with a nucleus and
organelles (e.g., animal and plant cells).
, Key Organelles:
1. Nucleus: Stores genetic material (DNA).
2. Ribosomes: Sites of protein synthesis.
3. Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER):
Smooth ER: Lipid synthesis and detoxification.
Rough ER: Protein synthesis with ribosomes attached.
4. Golgi Apparatus: Modifies and packages proteins.
5. Mitochondria: Powerhouse of the cell, generating ATP.
6. Chloroplasts (in plants): Sites of photosynthesis.
7. Lysosomes: Contain enzymes for digestion.
8. Cytoskeleton: Provides structural support and aids in cell
movement.
