Pediatric Nursing Final Exam Outline
Study
Dehydration
Weight loss is a key indicator. Other signs include dry mucous membranes, decreased urine output,
sunken fontanels (in infants), lethargy, and irritability.
Pyloric Stenosis
Signs and symptoms include projectile vomiting, olive-shaped mass in the right upper quadrant (RUQ),
dehydration, and failure to thrive.
Cystic Fibrosis (CF)
Teaching for parents includes pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy (PERT) with meals and snacks,
chest physiotherapy (CPT), high-calorie, high-protein diet, signs and symptoms of respiratory infections,
and importance of regular follow-up care.
Hirschsprung Disease
Parent teaching involves the possibility of a temporary colostomy, surgical resection of the aganglionic
segment as definitive treatment, good prognosis with appropriate treatment, and ongoing monitoring
for complications.
Appendicitis
Nursing care includes pain management, monitoring for signs of rupture (sudden relief of pain followed
by increased pain and fever), and pre- and post-operative care.
Sickle Cell Anemia (SCA)
Clinical manifestations include pain crises (vaso-occlusive crises), jaundice, fatigue, and dactylitis (hand-
foot syndrome). Treatment of vaso-occlusive crises involves hydration, pain management, oxygen
therapy if hypoxic, and blood transfusions.
Hemophilia
Controlling bleeding includes administering factor replacement therapy, applying pressure to the
bleeding site, immobilizing and elevating the affected area, and avoiding aspirin and NSAIDs.
Iron Deficiency Anemia
Prevention involves encouraging iron-rich foods, iron supplementation for high-risk infants and children.
Treatment includes oral iron supplements (ferrous sulfate) and IV iron dextran in severe cases. Those at
risk include premature infants, toddlers with high milk intake, and adolescents with poor diet or heavy
menstrual bleeding.
General Nutrition
Infants should have breast milk or iron-fortified formula, toddlers need a variety of foods from all food
groups, and school-age children and adolescents require a balanced diet with an emphasis on fruits,
Study
Dehydration
Weight loss is a key indicator. Other signs include dry mucous membranes, decreased urine output,
sunken fontanels (in infants), lethargy, and irritability.
Pyloric Stenosis
Signs and symptoms include projectile vomiting, olive-shaped mass in the right upper quadrant (RUQ),
dehydration, and failure to thrive.
Cystic Fibrosis (CF)
Teaching for parents includes pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy (PERT) with meals and snacks,
chest physiotherapy (CPT), high-calorie, high-protein diet, signs and symptoms of respiratory infections,
and importance of regular follow-up care.
Hirschsprung Disease
Parent teaching involves the possibility of a temporary colostomy, surgical resection of the aganglionic
segment as definitive treatment, good prognosis with appropriate treatment, and ongoing monitoring
for complications.
Appendicitis
Nursing care includes pain management, monitoring for signs of rupture (sudden relief of pain followed
by increased pain and fever), and pre- and post-operative care.
Sickle Cell Anemia (SCA)
Clinical manifestations include pain crises (vaso-occlusive crises), jaundice, fatigue, and dactylitis (hand-
foot syndrome). Treatment of vaso-occlusive crises involves hydration, pain management, oxygen
therapy if hypoxic, and blood transfusions.
Hemophilia
Controlling bleeding includes administering factor replacement therapy, applying pressure to the
bleeding site, immobilizing and elevating the affected area, and avoiding aspirin and NSAIDs.
Iron Deficiency Anemia
Prevention involves encouraging iron-rich foods, iron supplementation for high-risk infants and children.
Treatment includes oral iron supplements (ferrous sulfate) and IV iron dextran in severe cases. Those at
risk include premature infants, toddlers with high milk intake, and adolescents with poor diet or heavy
menstrual bleeding.
General Nutrition
Infants should have breast milk or iron-fortified formula, toddlers need a variety of foods from all food
groups, and school-age children and adolescents require a balanced diet with an emphasis on fruits,
