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Consider again the two ways in which we can view the producer’s profit maximization problem. A: Suppose a homothetic production technology involves two inputs, labor and capital, and that its producer choice set is fully convex. (a) Illustrate the product

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Consider again the two ways in which we can view the producer’s profit maximization problem. A: Suppose a homothetic production technology involves two inputs, labor and capital, and that its producer choice set is fully convex. (a) Illustrate the production frontier in an isoquant graph with labor on the horizontal axis and capital on the vertical. b) Does this production process have increasing or decreasing returns to scale? How would you be able to see this on an isoquant graph like the one you have drawn? (c) For a given wage w and rental rate r , show in your graph where the cost minimizing input bundles lie. What is true at each such input bundle? (d) On a separate graph, illustrate the vertical slice (of the production frontier) that contains all these costminimizing input bundles. e)Assuming output can be sold at pA, use a slice of the isoprofit plane to show the profit maximizing production plan. What, in addition to what is true at all the cost-minimizing input bundles, is true at this profitmaximizing plan? (f ) If output price changes,would you still profitmaximize on this vertical slice of the production frontier? What does the supply curve (which plots output on the horizontal and price on the vertical) look like? (g) Now illustrate the (total) cost curve (with output on the horizontal and dollars on the vertical axis). How is this derived from the vertical slice of the production frontier that you have drawn before? (h) Derive the marginal and average cost curves and indicate where in your picture the supply curve lies. (i) Does the supply curve you drew in part (f ) look similar to the one you drew in part (h)?

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Consider again the two ways in which we can view the producer’s profit maximization
problem.
A: Suppose a homothetic production technology involves two inputs, labor and capital, and
that its producer choice set is fully convex.
(a) Illustrate the production frontier in an isoquant graph with labor on the horizontal axis and
capital on the vertical.

Answer: This is done in panel (a) of Graph 12.4. Since the producer choice set is convex, the
horizontal slices represented by the isoquants must have the usual convex shape. In addition,
the homotheticity property implies that the slopes (or TRS) of the isoquants are the same
along any ray from the origin




b) Does this production process have increasing or decreasing returns to scale? How would
you be able to see this on an isoquant graph like the one you have drawn?

Answer: It has decreasing returns to scale—because the entire producer choice set is convex.
You would only see this in an isoquantmap if the isoquants are accompanied by output
numbers that increase at a decreasing rate along any ray fromthe origin.

(c) For a given wage w and rental rate r , show in your graph where the cost minimizing input
bundles lie. What is true at each such input bundle?

Answer: The input prices give us the slope of the isocost lines — which is (−w/r ). The
isocost drawn in panel (a) is tangent at A — implying that (ℓA,k A) is the cheapest input
bundle that can produce the output level x A. Since the production process is homothetic, it
implies that all isoquants have the same slope along the ray from the origin through A. This

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Economics notes and other study notes

Hello and welcome! My name is Yash Mishra, and I am a passionate online teacher dedicated to making learning simple, engaging, and practical. I believe that every student can succeed when concepts are explained clearly and connected to real-life examples. In my classes, I focus on building strong fundamentals, encouraging questions, and creating a comfortable learning environment where students feel confident to grow. Whether you are preparing for exams, improving your understanding, or learning something new, I am here to guide you step by step. I look forward to learning together and helping you achieve your academic goals!

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