SURGERY EOR EXAM, PRACTICE EXAM AND STUDY GUIDE
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ALL IN ONE NEWEST 2024 ACTUAL EXAM 500+ QUESTIONS A
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ND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS)
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|ALREADY GRADED A+ p p
ispthepmostpimportantpanestheticpcomplication.pAnesthesiapcausespanpuncontrolledpincreasepinp
skeletalpmusclepoxidativepmetabolism,pwhichpoverwhelmspthepbody'spcapacityptopsupplypoxygen,premove
pCO2,pandpregulativepbodyptemperature.p-panswer-Malignantphyperthermia
Ifppatientpisphyperkalemicp(normalprangep3.8-5.0),phowpshouldpyouptreatptheppatient?p-panswer-
treatpwithpglucose/insulin,pandpcalciump+/-bicarb
ispthepreversingpagentpforpopiods.p-panswer-Naloxone
ispthepreversingpagentpforpbenzodiazipines.p-panswer-Flumazenil
Whatpispthepbestpindicatorpusedptopmonitorpnutritionalpstatus?p-panswer-prealbuminp-peveryp2-3pdays
Intervention:
requirepcentralpaccesspandpindicatedpwhenpnopenteralpfeedingpforp>p7pdays.p-panswer-TPNp-
totalpperipheralpnutrition
p
Thep ispthepmostpimportantppartpofpthephistorypbeforepsurgery.p-panswer-cardiacphistoryp--
phistorypofpMI,punstablepangina,pvalvularpdisease
Inppatientspwithpknownpcardiacpdisease,paggressivepintraoperativeploweringpofpmyocardialpoxygenpde
mandpwithp haspbeenpshownpinpRCT'sptopimprovepoutcomespandpshouldpbepused.p-panswer-
betapblockers
Whenpaccessingpcardiacpdiseaseppriorptopsurgery,pwhatpispthepmostpimportantpthingptopaccess?p-panswer-
paorticpstenosisp--pcrescendopdiastolicprumblepatpapex
,Guidelinespforpthepusepofpantibioticspincludepadministrationpwithinp
ofpsurgerypandpredosingpafter
4phours.pWhatpispthepabxpofpchoice?p-panswer-1phour
p
Abxpofpchoice:pcefazolinpforpallpexceptpcolorectalpthenpcefazolin/metronidazole
Pre-opp--pMetabolicpdisease/syndromep--pwhatparepthep5pcriteria?p-panswer-3/5ptopdiagnose:
1 -pdiabetes
2 -pcentralpobesity
3 -pHTN
4 -phighpserumptriglycerrides
5 -plowpHDLplevels
shouldpbepmonitoredpbeforepsurgerypbcpitpispapstimulantpandpvasoconstrictorp--
canpleadptopsevereptachycardiap-panswer-Cocaine
p
Pre-Opp--pWhatparepthepindicationspforpEKGpandpCXR?p-panswer-EKGp-
pmenp>40,pwomen>50,pknownpCAD,pDM,porpHTN
CXRp-pagep>50,pknownpcardiacporppulmonarypdisease
Whatparepthep5pclassicp"W's"pofppostpoperativepfever?p-panswer-Wp-
windp(atelectasis)pWp-pwaterp(UTI)
p
Wp-pwoundp(woundpinfection)
Wp-
walkingp(DVT/thrombophlebitis)pWp-
p
wonderpdrugsp(drugpfever)
p
Ifptheppostpoppfeverpoccurspwithinpthepfirstp24phourspofpsurgery,pwhatpispthepmostplikelypcause?p-panswer-
pwind/atelectasis
Ifptheppostpoppfeverpoccurspwithinpdaysp3-5ppostpop,pwhatpispthepmostplikelypcause?p-panswer-
water/UTI,pcatheterprelatedpphlebitis,ppneumonia
,Ifptheppostpoppfeverpoccurspwithinpdaysp5-10ppostpop,pwhatpispthepmostplikelypcause?p-panswer-
woundpinfection,ppneumonia,pabscess,pinfectedphematoma,pCpdiffpcolitis,panastomoticpleak,pDVT,ppe
ritonealpabscess,pdrugpfever,pPE,pparotitis
ispthepmostpcommonppathogenpinpwoundpinfectionspandparoundpforeignpbodies.p-panswer-
Staphpaureus
invadespthepinnerpearpandpentericptissuespaspwellpasptheplung.p-panswer-Klebsiella
organismsparepoftenpfoundptogetherpwithpanaerobes.p-panswer-
Entericporganismspie.penterobacteriaceaepandpenterococci
Amongpthepanaerobes,p & arepoftenppresentpinpsurgicalpinfectionspandp
speciesparepmajorppathogenspinpischemicptissue.p-panswer-
Bacteroidesp&pPeptostreptococci;pClostridium
Somepfungipandpyeastpcausepabscessespinpsinusptracts.p-panswer-Pseudomonasp&pSerratia
Historypofprecentpsurgery,ptrauma,pcancer,pprolongedpimmobilization,porporalpcontraceptivepusepincreases
pthepriskpofp .p-panswer-DVTp-pdeeppveinpthrombosis
WhatpispHoman'spsign?p-panswer-painponppassivepdorsiflexionpofpankle
WhatpisptheptestpofpchoicepforpDVT?p-panswer-dopplerpultrasound
HowpispthepD-dimerptextpuseful?p-panswer-
ItpispgoodpatprulingpapDVTpoutp(ifptheptextpispnegative)pbutpnotprulepitpin
ThepmostpcommonpcausepofpSIRSp(systemicpinflammatorypresponsepsyndrome)pispsepsis.pWhatparepthepcri
teriapforpdxpofpSIRS?p-panswer-Atpleastp2pofpthepfollowing:
1. tempp>38Cporp<36C
2. tachyp>90
3. tachypneap>p20pbreaths/minute
, 4. PCO2p<32mmHg
5. WBCp>p12,000/uLporp<4000/uL
Afterpsepsis,pwhatparepthepnextptwopmostpcommonpcausespofpSIRS?p-panswer-pancreatitispandpdrugs
Whatpispthepdifferencepbetweenphypovolemiapandpdehydration?p-panswer-
hypovolemiapisplosspofpbothpwaterpandpsodiumpwhilepdehydrationpisplosspofpintracellularpwaterporpdeficitp
withphypernatremiap--pdehydrationpoccurspwhenppatientpcanpnotpadjustpwaterpintakepforpwaterploss
Whatparepthepclinicalpsignspofpdehydrationpandphypovolemia?p-panswer-
tachycardia,phypotension,ppalepskin,pincreasedpcapillaryprefillptime,pdizziness,pfaintness,pnausea,pthirst,pde
creasedpurinepoutputp--pinphypovolemia,purinepwillpdemonstrateplowpsodiumpconcentration
Whatparep2pcommonpconditionspwithpdehydration?p-panswer-
diabetespinsipidusp(lackpofpADHporpunableptoprespondptopADH),pfeverpwithpincreasedpwaterploss
HyponatremiapCauses
=pcirrhosis,pCHF,pnephroticpsyndrome,pmassivepedema
=statespofpsevereppainporpnausea,ptrauma,pbrainpdamage,pSIADH
=prolongedpvomiting,pdecreasedporalpintake,pseverepdiarrhea,pdiureticpuse
Miscpcausesp=pfactitiousphyponatremia,phypothyroidism,padrenalpinsufficiency,pmalnourishedpstates,p
primaryppolydipsiap-panswer-Hypervolemic,pEuvolemic,pHypovolemic
Whatpareptheptwopmostpcommonptreatmentspforphyponatremia?
Otherplesspcommonptreatment?p-panswer-
saltptabspandpfluidprestriction;pvasopressinpreceptorpantagonistpinpSIADH,pCHF,pandpcirrhosis
Hypernatremiapispalmostpalwayspdueptop .pTherefore,pwhatpisptheptreatment?p-panswer-
pdehydration;prehydrate!
Whatps/spcanpresultpinpaphyperkalemicppatient?p-panswer-
cardiacparrhythmiasp(tallppeakedpTpwaves)pandpweakness
p p p p p p p p
ALL IN ONE NEWEST 2024 ACTUAL EXAM 500+ QUESTIONS A
p p p p p p p p p
ND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS)
p p p p p
|ALREADY GRADED A+ p p
ispthepmostpimportantpanestheticpcomplication.pAnesthesiapcausespanpuncontrolledpincreasepinp
skeletalpmusclepoxidativepmetabolism,pwhichpoverwhelmspthepbody'spcapacityptopsupplypoxygen,premove
pCO2,pandpregulativepbodyptemperature.p-panswer-Malignantphyperthermia
Ifppatientpisphyperkalemicp(normalprangep3.8-5.0),phowpshouldpyouptreatptheppatient?p-panswer-
treatpwithpglucose/insulin,pandpcalciump+/-bicarb
ispthepreversingpagentpforpopiods.p-panswer-Naloxone
ispthepreversingpagentpforpbenzodiazipines.p-panswer-Flumazenil
Whatpispthepbestpindicatorpusedptopmonitorpnutritionalpstatus?p-panswer-prealbuminp-peveryp2-3pdays
Intervention:
requirepcentralpaccesspandpindicatedpwhenpnopenteralpfeedingpforp>p7pdays.p-panswer-TPNp-
totalpperipheralpnutrition
p
Thep ispthepmostpimportantppartpofpthephistorypbeforepsurgery.p-panswer-cardiacphistoryp--
phistorypofpMI,punstablepangina,pvalvularpdisease
Inppatientspwithpknownpcardiacpdisease,paggressivepintraoperativeploweringpofpmyocardialpoxygenpde
mandpwithp haspbeenpshownpinpRCT'sptopimprovepoutcomespandpshouldpbepused.p-panswer-
betapblockers
Whenpaccessingpcardiacpdiseaseppriorptopsurgery,pwhatpispthepmostpimportantpthingptopaccess?p-panswer-
paorticpstenosisp--pcrescendopdiastolicprumblepatpapex
,Guidelinespforpthepusepofpantibioticspincludepadministrationpwithinp
ofpsurgerypandpredosingpafter
4phours.pWhatpispthepabxpofpchoice?p-panswer-1phour
p
Abxpofpchoice:pcefazolinpforpallpexceptpcolorectalpthenpcefazolin/metronidazole
Pre-opp--pMetabolicpdisease/syndromep--pwhatparepthep5pcriteria?p-panswer-3/5ptopdiagnose:
1 -pdiabetes
2 -pcentralpobesity
3 -pHTN
4 -phighpserumptriglycerrides
5 -plowpHDLplevels
shouldpbepmonitoredpbeforepsurgerypbcpitpispapstimulantpandpvasoconstrictorp--
canpleadptopsevereptachycardiap-panswer-Cocaine
p
Pre-Opp--pWhatparepthepindicationspforpEKGpandpCXR?p-panswer-EKGp-
pmenp>40,pwomen>50,pknownpCAD,pDM,porpHTN
CXRp-pagep>50,pknownpcardiacporppulmonarypdisease
Whatparepthep5pclassicp"W's"pofppostpoperativepfever?p-panswer-Wp-
windp(atelectasis)pWp-pwaterp(UTI)
p
Wp-pwoundp(woundpinfection)
Wp-
walkingp(DVT/thrombophlebitis)pWp-
p
wonderpdrugsp(drugpfever)
p
Ifptheppostpoppfeverpoccurspwithinpthepfirstp24phourspofpsurgery,pwhatpispthepmostplikelypcause?p-panswer-
pwind/atelectasis
Ifptheppostpoppfeverpoccurspwithinpdaysp3-5ppostpop,pwhatpispthepmostplikelypcause?p-panswer-
water/UTI,pcatheterprelatedpphlebitis,ppneumonia
,Ifptheppostpoppfeverpoccurspwithinpdaysp5-10ppostpop,pwhatpispthepmostplikelypcause?p-panswer-
woundpinfection,ppneumonia,pabscess,pinfectedphematoma,pCpdiffpcolitis,panastomoticpleak,pDVT,ppe
ritonealpabscess,pdrugpfever,pPE,pparotitis
ispthepmostpcommonppathogenpinpwoundpinfectionspandparoundpforeignpbodies.p-panswer-
Staphpaureus
invadespthepinnerpearpandpentericptissuespaspwellpasptheplung.p-panswer-Klebsiella
organismsparepoftenpfoundptogetherpwithpanaerobes.p-panswer-
Entericporganismspie.penterobacteriaceaepandpenterococci
Amongpthepanaerobes,p & arepoftenppresentpinpsurgicalpinfectionspandp
speciesparepmajorppathogenspinpischemicptissue.p-panswer-
Bacteroidesp&pPeptostreptococci;pClostridium
Somepfungipandpyeastpcausepabscessespinpsinusptracts.p-panswer-Pseudomonasp&pSerratia
Historypofprecentpsurgery,ptrauma,pcancer,pprolongedpimmobilization,porporalpcontraceptivepusepincreases
pthepriskpofp .p-panswer-DVTp-pdeeppveinpthrombosis
WhatpispHoman'spsign?p-panswer-painponppassivepdorsiflexionpofpankle
WhatpisptheptestpofpchoicepforpDVT?p-panswer-dopplerpultrasound
HowpispthepD-dimerptextpuseful?p-panswer-
ItpispgoodpatprulingpapDVTpoutp(ifptheptextpispnegative)pbutpnotprulepitpin
ThepmostpcommonpcausepofpSIRSp(systemicpinflammatorypresponsepsyndrome)pispsepsis.pWhatparepthepcri
teriapforpdxpofpSIRS?p-panswer-Atpleastp2pofpthepfollowing:
1. tempp>38Cporp<36C
2. tachyp>90
3. tachypneap>p20pbreaths/minute
, 4. PCO2p<32mmHg
5. WBCp>p12,000/uLporp<4000/uL
Afterpsepsis,pwhatparepthepnextptwopmostpcommonpcausespofpSIRS?p-panswer-pancreatitispandpdrugs
Whatpispthepdifferencepbetweenphypovolemiapandpdehydration?p-panswer-
hypovolemiapisplosspofpbothpwaterpandpsodiumpwhilepdehydrationpisplosspofpintracellularpwaterporpdeficitp
withphypernatremiap--pdehydrationpoccurspwhenppatientpcanpnotpadjustpwaterpintakepforpwaterploss
Whatparepthepclinicalpsignspofpdehydrationpandphypovolemia?p-panswer-
tachycardia,phypotension,ppalepskin,pincreasedpcapillaryprefillptime,pdizziness,pfaintness,pnausea,pthirst,pde
creasedpurinepoutputp--pinphypovolemia,purinepwillpdemonstrateplowpsodiumpconcentration
Whatparep2pcommonpconditionspwithpdehydration?p-panswer-
diabetespinsipidusp(lackpofpADHporpunableptoprespondptopADH),pfeverpwithpincreasedpwaterploss
HyponatremiapCauses
=pcirrhosis,pCHF,pnephroticpsyndrome,pmassivepedema
=statespofpsevereppainporpnausea,ptrauma,pbrainpdamage,pSIADH
=prolongedpvomiting,pdecreasedporalpintake,pseverepdiarrhea,pdiureticpuse
Miscpcausesp=pfactitiousphyponatremia,phypothyroidism,padrenalpinsufficiency,pmalnourishedpstates,p
primaryppolydipsiap-panswer-Hypervolemic,pEuvolemic,pHypovolemic
Whatpareptheptwopmostpcommonptreatmentspforphyponatremia?
Otherplesspcommonptreatment?p-panswer-
saltptabspandpfluidprestriction;pvasopressinpreceptorpantagonistpinpSIADH,pCHF,pandpcirrhosis
Hypernatremiapispalmostpalwayspdueptop .pTherefore,pwhatpisptheptreatment?p-panswer-
pdehydration;prehydrate!
Whatps/spcanpresultpinpaphyperkalemicppatient?p-panswer-
cardiacparrhythmiasp(tallppeakedpTpwaves)pandpweakness
