ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM 1 NEWEST f f f f f
2024ACTUAL EXAM 200 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
f f f f f f f
DETAILED ANSWERS WITH f f
RATIONALES (VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY GR f f f f
ADED A+ f
Your patient has a long history of mitral stenosis (narrowing of th
f f f f f f f f f f f
e mitral valve). As the years go by, the left atrium, which contracts
f f f f f f f f f f f f f
against the increased resistance of the stenotic valve, begins to fail
f f f f f f f f f f
--
and output from the left ventricle begins to decline. If the left ventr
f f f f f f f f f f f f
icle were to undergo adaptation, what would it most likely be?
f f f f f f f f f f
a. atrophy.
b. hypertrophy.
c. hyperplasia.
d. metaplasia. - ....ANSWER...A f f
Which of the following is not characteristic of cellular dysplasia?
f f f f f f f f f
a. variation in size and shape of cells f f f f f f
b. small, pale nuclei f f
c. disorderly arrangement of cells f f f
d. preneoplastic change - ....ANSWER...B f f f
If a normal individual began to take cortisol 100 mgs. every day as
f f f f f f f f f f f f f
a medication, which of the following would result?
f f f f f f f
a. hypertrophy of the adrenal gland f f f f
b. hyperplasia of the adrenal gland f f f f
c. atrophy of the adrenal gland f f f f
,d. hypertrophy and hyperplasia of the adrenal gland - f f f f f f f
....ANSWER...C
If a normal individual began to take thyroid hormone 100 mcgs. e
f f f f f f f f f f f
very day as a medication, which of the following would result?
f f f f f f f f f f
a. hypertrophy of the thyroid gland f f f f
b. hyperplasia of the thyroid gland f f f f
c. atrophy of the thyroid gland f f f f
d. hypertrophy and hyperplasia of the thyroid gland - f f f f f f f
....ANSWER...B
Chronic alcoholism can result in the development of a fatty liver b
f f f f f f f f f f f
ecause it results in which of the following?
f f f f f f f
a. increased production of free fatty acids f f f f f
b. increased conversion of free fatty acids to triglycerides
f f f f f f f
c. decreased oxidation of cholesterol, triglycerides, and p
f f f f f f
hospholipids
d. decreased binding of cholesterol, triglycerides, and pf f f f f f
hospholipids to apoproteins - ....ANSWER...A f f f f
Which of the following is the primary difference between wet and
f f f f f f f f f f f
dry gangrene?
f
a. Infection and inflammation are present in wet gangrene.
f f f f f f f
b. Wet gangrene results from arterial occlusion and dry ga
f f f f f f f f
ngrene from venous stasis.
f f f
c. Dry gangrene involves the presence of Clostridium pe
f f f f f f f
rfringens.
d. Wet gangrene occurs only in internal organs. -
f f f f f f f
....ANSWER...D
Which of the following components is not involved in apoptosis?
f f f f f f f f f
,a. Bcl-2
f f
b. apaf-1
f f
c. caspase 9
f f f
d. cytochrome c
f f f
e. HLA 2 - ....ANSWER...E
f f f f f
Some cancer- f
causing viruses are able to protect the cells that they transform fro
f f f f f f f f f f f
m undergoing apoptosis by interfering with the action of the apop
f f f f f f f f f f
tosis promoter called:
f f
a. TNF-alpha.
b. Fas.
c. p53.
d. IL-2.
e. INF-beta. - ....ANSWER...C f f
Which of the following diseases is thought to be related to free ra
f f f f f f f f f f f f
dical damage? f
a. osteoarthritis
f f
b. detached retina
f f f
c. cerebral aneurysm
f f f
d. cancer - ....ANSWER...D
f f f f
Which of the following enzymes, released from dying cells, may i
f f f f f f f f f f
ndicate problems in the liver? f f f f
a. alanine aminotransferase f
b. aspartate aminotransferase c. alkaline phosphatase f f f f
d. all of the above
f f f
e. none of the above - ....ANSWER...D
f f f f f
Researchers hypothesize that the disappearance of dopamine- f f f f f f
generating cells in the midbrain in Parkinson's Disease may be rel
f f f f f f f f f f f
ated to oxidative stress due to a decrease in the amount of
f f f f f f f f f f f
, glutathione in the midbrain. The best explanation for this theory is
f f f f f f f f f f f
which of the following?
f f f
a. DNA synthesis requires glutathione for optimal d
f f f f f f
evelopment.
b. Dopamine synthesis requires glutathione to prevent free ra f f f f f f f
dical production.
f
c. Free radicals produced via dopamine synthesis are ne
f f f f f f f
utralized by glutathione. f f
d. Glutathione is needed for entry of dopamine into the cer f f f f f f f f f
ebral circulation. - ....ANSWER...C
f f f
Which of the following is(are) true regarding aging?
f f f f f f f
a. may involve an increase in autoantibodies
f f f f f
b. may result from damage accumulation
f f f f
c. both are true f f
d. neither is true - ....ANSWER...C f f f f
In theories of aging, cross-
f f f f
linking implies which of the following?
f f f f f
a. The lifespan and number of times a cell can replicate are pre
f f f f f f f f f f f
programmed.
b. The number of cell doublings is limited.
f f f f f f
c. There is oxygen toxicity. f f f
d. Cell permeability decreases. - ....ANSWER...D
f f f f
When myocardial cells are injured, the function of the Na-
f f f f f f f f f
K membrane pump may be impaired. Which of the following may
f f f f f f f f f f
then result?
f f
a. intracellular sodium will increase f f f
b. extracellular potassium will decrease f f f
c. cell volume will decrease
f f f
d. all of the above - ...ANSWER...A
f f f f f
2024ACTUAL EXAM 200 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
f f f f f f f
DETAILED ANSWERS WITH f f
RATIONALES (VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY GR f f f f
ADED A+ f
Your patient has a long history of mitral stenosis (narrowing of th
f f f f f f f f f f f
e mitral valve). As the years go by, the left atrium, which contracts
f f f f f f f f f f f f f
against the increased resistance of the stenotic valve, begins to fail
f f f f f f f f f f
--
and output from the left ventricle begins to decline. If the left ventr
f f f f f f f f f f f f
icle were to undergo adaptation, what would it most likely be?
f f f f f f f f f f
a. atrophy.
b. hypertrophy.
c. hyperplasia.
d. metaplasia. - ....ANSWER...A f f
Which of the following is not characteristic of cellular dysplasia?
f f f f f f f f f
a. variation in size and shape of cells f f f f f f
b. small, pale nuclei f f
c. disorderly arrangement of cells f f f
d. preneoplastic change - ....ANSWER...B f f f
If a normal individual began to take cortisol 100 mgs. every day as
f f f f f f f f f f f f f
a medication, which of the following would result?
f f f f f f f
a. hypertrophy of the adrenal gland f f f f
b. hyperplasia of the adrenal gland f f f f
c. atrophy of the adrenal gland f f f f
,d. hypertrophy and hyperplasia of the adrenal gland - f f f f f f f
....ANSWER...C
If a normal individual began to take thyroid hormone 100 mcgs. e
f f f f f f f f f f f
very day as a medication, which of the following would result?
f f f f f f f f f f
a. hypertrophy of the thyroid gland f f f f
b. hyperplasia of the thyroid gland f f f f
c. atrophy of the thyroid gland f f f f
d. hypertrophy and hyperplasia of the thyroid gland - f f f f f f f
....ANSWER...B
Chronic alcoholism can result in the development of a fatty liver b
f f f f f f f f f f f
ecause it results in which of the following?
f f f f f f f
a. increased production of free fatty acids f f f f f
b. increased conversion of free fatty acids to triglycerides
f f f f f f f
c. decreased oxidation of cholesterol, triglycerides, and p
f f f f f f
hospholipids
d. decreased binding of cholesterol, triglycerides, and pf f f f f f
hospholipids to apoproteins - ....ANSWER...A f f f f
Which of the following is the primary difference between wet and
f f f f f f f f f f f
dry gangrene?
f
a. Infection and inflammation are present in wet gangrene.
f f f f f f f
b. Wet gangrene results from arterial occlusion and dry ga
f f f f f f f f
ngrene from venous stasis.
f f f
c. Dry gangrene involves the presence of Clostridium pe
f f f f f f f
rfringens.
d. Wet gangrene occurs only in internal organs. -
f f f f f f f
....ANSWER...D
Which of the following components is not involved in apoptosis?
f f f f f f f f f
,a. Bcl-2
f f
b. apaf-1
f f
c. caspase 9
f f f
d. cytochrome c
f f f
e. HLA 2 - ....ANSWER...E
f f f f f
Some cancer- f
causing viruses are able to protect the cells that they transform fro
f f f f f f f f f f f
m undergoing apoptosis by interfering with the action of the apop
f f f f f f f f f f
tosis promoter called:
f f
a. TNF-alpha.
b. Fas.
c. p53.
d. IL-2.
e. INF-beta. - ....ANSWER...C f f
Which of the following diseases is thought to be related to free ra
f f f f f f f f f f f f
dical damage? f
a. osteoarthritis
f f
b. detached retina
f f f
c. cerebral aneurysm
f f f
d. cancer - ....ANSWER...D
f f f f
Which of the following enzymes, released from dying cells, may i
f f f f f f f f f f
ndicate problems in the liver? f f f f
a. alanine aminotransferase f
b. aspartate aminotransferase c. alkaline phosphatase f f f f
d. all of the above
f f f
e. none of the above - ....ANSWER...D
f f f f f
Researchers hypothesize that the disappearance of dopamine- f f f f f f
generating cells in the midbrain in Parkinson's Disease may be rel
f f f f f f f f f f f
ated to oxidative stress due to a decrease in the amount of
f f f f f f f f f f f
, glutathione in the midbrain. The best explanation for this theory is
f f f f f f f f f f f
which of the following?
f f f
a. DNA synthesis requires glutathione for optimal d
f f f f f f
evelopment.
b. Dopamine synthesis requires glutathione to prevent free ra f f f f f f f
dical production.
f
c. Free radicals produced via dopamine synthesis are ne
f f f f f f f
utralized by glutathione. f f
d. Glutathione is needed for entry of dopamine into the cer f f f f f f f f f
ebral circulation. - ....ANSWER...C
f f f
Which of the following is(are) true regarding aging?
f f f f f f f
a. may involve an increase in autoantibodies
f f f f f
b. may result from damage accumulation
f f f f
c. both are true f f
d. neither is true - ....ANSWER...C f f f f
In theories of aging, cross-
f f f f
linking implies which of the following?
f f f f f
a. The lifespan and number of times a cell can replicate are pre
f f f f f f f f f f f
programmed.
b. The number of cell doublings is limited.
f f f f f f
c. There is oxygen toxicity. f f f
d. Cell permeability decreases. - ....ANSWER...D
f f f f
When myocardial cells are injured, the function of the Na-
f f f f f f f f f
K membrane pump may be impaired. Which of the following may
f f f f f f f f f f
then result?
f f
a. intracellular sodium will increase f f f
b. extracellular potassium will decrease f f f
c. cell volume will decrease
f f f
d. all of the above - ...ANSWER...A
f f f f f
