SURGERY EOR EXAM, PRACTICE EXAM AND STUDY GUIDE
m m m m m m m
mALL IN ONE NEWEST 2024 ACTUAL EXAM 500+ QUESTIONS
m m m m m m m m
mAND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS)
m m m m m
|ALREADY GRADED A+
m m
ismthe mmostmimportantmanestheticmcomplication.mAnesthesiamcausesmanmuncontrolledmincrease
m inm skeletalmmusclem oxidativemmetabolism, mwhichmoverwhelms mthembody's mcapacity mtomsupply moxygen,m
remove mCO2,mandmregulative mbodymtemperature.m-manswer-Malignantmhyperthermia
Ifmpatientmismhyperkalemicm(normalmrange m3.8-5.0),mhowmshouldmyoumtreatmthe mpatient?m-manswer-
treatmwithmglucose/insulin, mandmcalciumm+/-bicarb
ismthe mreversingmagentmformopiods.m-manswer-Naloxone
ismthe mreversingmagentmformbenzodiazipines. m-manswer-Flumazenil
Whatmismthe mbestmindicatormusedmtommonitormnutritionalmstatus?m-manswer-prealbuminm-meverym2-3mdays
Intervention:
require mcentralmaccessmandmindicatedmwhenmnomenteralmfeedingmform>m7mdays.m-manswer-
TPNm-mtotalmperipheralmnutrition
The m ismthe mmostmimportantmpartmof mthe mhistorymbefore msurgery.m-manswer-
cardiacmhistorym--mhistorymof mMI,munstable mangina,mvalvularmdisease
Inmpatientsmwithmknownmcardiacmdisease,maggressivemintraoperativemloweringmofmmyocardialmoxygenm
demandmwithm hasmbeenmshownminmRCT'smtomimprovemoutcomesmandmshouldmbemused.m-manswer-
betamblockers
Whenmaccessingmcardiacmdisease mpriormtomsurgery,mwhatmismthe mmostmimportantmthingmtomaccess?m-
m answer- m aorticm stenosis m -- m crescendo m diastolicm rumble m atm apex
,Guidelinesmformthe muse mof mantibioticsminclude madministrationmwithinm
ofmsurgerymandmredosingmaft
erm4mhours.mWhatmismthe mabx mof mchoice?m-manswer-1mhour
Abx mofmchoice:mcefazolinmformallmexceptmcolorectalmthenmcefazolin/metronidazole
Pre-opm-- mMetabolicmdisease/syndrome m--mwhatmare mthe m5mcriteria?m-manswer-3/5mtomdiagnose:
1 -mdiabetes
2 -mcentralmobesity
3 -mHTN
4 -mhighmserummtriglycerrides
5 -mlowmHDLmlevels
shouldmbe mmonitoredmbefore msurgerymbcmitmismamstimulantmandmvasoconstrictorm--
m canmleadmtomsevere mtachycardiam-manswer-Cocaine
Pre-Opm-- mWhatmare mthe mindicationsmformEKG mandmCXR?m-manswer-EKG m-
m menm >40, m women>50, m known m CAD, m DM, m orm HTN
CXRm-mage m>50,mknownmcardiacmormpulmonarymdisease
Whatmare mthe m5mclassicm"W's"mof mpostmoperative mfever?m-manswer-Wm-
m windm(atelectasis) mWm-mwaterm(UTI)
Wm-mwoundm(woundminfection)
Wm-
walkingm(DVT/thrombophlebitis) mWm
m
-mwondermdrugsm(drugmfever)
Ifmthe mpostmopmfevermoccursmwithinmthemfirstm24mhoursmofmsurgery,mwhatmismthemmostmlikelymcause?m-manswer-
m wind/atelectasis
Ifmthe mpostmopmfevermoccursmwithinmdaysm3-5mpostmop,mwhatmismthe mmostmlikelymcause?m-manswer-
water/UTI,mcathetermrelatedmphlebitis,mpneumonia
,Ifmthempostmopmfevermoccursmwithinmdaysm5-10mpostmop,mwhatmismthemmostmlikelymcause?m-manswer-
woundminfection,mpneumonia,mabscess,minfectedmhematoma,mCmdiffmcolitis,manastomoticmleak,mDVT,
m peritonealm abscess, m drugm fever, m PE, m parotitis
ismthe mmostmcommonmpathogenminmwoundminfectionsmandmaroundmforeignmbodies.m-manswer-
Staphmaureus
invadesmthe minnermearmandmentericmtissuesmasmwellmasmthe mlung.m-manswer-Klebsiella
organismsmare moftenmfoundmtogethermwithmanaerobes.m-manswer-
Entericmorganismsmie.menterobacteriaceae mandmenterococci
Amongmthe manaerobes, m & are moftenmpresentminmsurgicalminfectionsmandm
speciesmare mmajormpathogensminmischemicmtissue.m-manswer-
Bacteroidesm&mPeptostreptococci;mClostridium
Some mfungimandmyeastmcause mabscessesminmsinusmtracts.m-manswer-Pseudomonasm&mSerratia
Historymof mrecentmsurgery,mtrauma,mcancer,mprolongedmimmobilization,mormoralmcontraceptivemuse mincre
asesmthe mriskmofm .m-manswer-DVTm-mdeepmveinmthrombosis
WhatmismHoman'smsign?m-manswer-painmonmpassive mdorsiflexionmof mankle
Whatmismthe mtestmofmchoice mformDVT?m-manswer-dopplermultrasound
Howmismthe mD-dimermtextmuseful?m-manswer-
ItmismgoodmatmrulingmamDVTmoutm(ifmthe mtextmismnegative) mbutmnotmrule mitmin
The mmostmcommonmcausemofmSIRSm(systemicminflammatorymresponse msyndrome)mismsepsis.mWhatmare mth
e mcriteriamformdx mof mSIRS?m-manswer-Atmleastm2mof mthe mfollowing:
1. tempm>38Cmorm<36C
2. tachym>90
3. tachypneam> m20mbreaths/minute
, 4. PCO2m<32mmHg
5. WBCm> m12,000/uLmorm<4000/uL
Aftermsepsis,mwhatmare mthe mnextmtwommostmcommonmcausesmofmSIRS?m-manswer-pancreatitismandmdrugs
Whatmismthe mdifference mbetweenmhypovolemiamandmdehydration?m-manswer-
hypovolemiamismlossmofmbothmwatermandmsodiummwhile mdehydrationmismlossmofmintracellularmwatermormde
ficitmwithmhypernatremiam--
m dehydration m occursm when m patientm canm notm adjustm waterm intake m form waterm loss
Whatmare mthe mclinicalmsignsmofmdehydrationmandmhypovolemia?m-manswer-
tachycardia,mhypotension, mpalemskin,mincreasedmcapillarymrefillmtime,mdizziness,mfaintness,mnausea,mthirst
,mdecreasedmurine moutputm--minmhypovolemia, murine mwillmdemonstrate mlowmsodiummconcentration
Whatmare m2mcommonmconditionsmwithmdehydration?m-manswer-
diabetesminsipidusm(lackmof mADHmormunable mtomrespondmtomADH),mfevermwithmincreasedmwatermloss
HyponatremiamCauses
= mcirrhosis,mCHF,mnephroticmsyndrome,mmassive medema
=statesmof msevere mpainmormnausea,mtrauma,mbrainmdamage,mSIADH
=prolongedmvomiting,mdecreasedmoralmintake,msevere mdiarrhea,mdiureticmuse
Miscmcausesm=mfactitiousmhyponatremia,mhypothyroidism, madrenalminsufficiency,mmalnourishedmstate
s,mprimarympolydipsiam-manswer-Hypervolemic, mEuvolemic,mHypovolemic
Whatmare mthe mtwommostmcommonmtreatmentsmformhyponatremia?
Othermlessmcommonmtreatment?m-manswer-
saltmtabsmandmfluidmrestriction;mvasopressinmreceptormantagonistminmSIADH,mCHF,mandmcirrhosis
Hypernatremiamismalmostmalwaysmdue mtom .mTherefore, mwhatmismthe mtreatment?m-
m answer- m dehydration;m rehydrate!
Whatms/smcanmresultminmamhyperkalemicmpatient?m-manswer-
cardiacmarrhythmiasm(tallmpeakedmTmwaves) mandmweakness
m m m m m m m
mALL IN ONE NEWEST 2024 ACTUAL EXAM 500+ QUESTIONS
m m m m m m m m
mAND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS)
m m m m m
|ALREADY GRADED A+
m m
ismthe mmostmimportantmanestheticmcomplication.mAnesthesiamcausesmanmuncontrolledmincrease
m inm skeletalmmusclem oxidativemmetabolism, mwhichmoverwhelms mthembody's mcapacity mtomsupply moxygen,m
remove mCO2,mandmregulative mbodymtemperature.m-manswer-Malignantmhyperthermia
Ifmpatientmismhyperkalemicm(normalmrange m3.8-5.0),mhowmshouldmyoumtreatmthe mpatient?m-manswer-
treatmwithmglucose/insulin, mandmcalciumm+/-bicarb
ismthe mreversingmagentmformopiods.m-manswer-Naloxone
ismthe mreversingmagentmformbenzodiazipines. m-manswer-Flumazenil
Whatmismthe mbestmindicatormusedmtommonitormnutritionalmstatus?m-manswer-prealbuminm-meverym2-3mdays
Intervention:
require mcentralmaccessmandmindicatedmwhenmnomenteralmfeedingmform>m7mdays.m-manswer-
TPNm-mtotalmperipheralmnutrition
The m ismthe mmostmimportantmpartmof mthe mhistorymbefore msurgery.m-manswer-
cardiacmhistorym--mhistorymof mMI,munstable mangina,mvalvularmdisease
Inmpatientsmwithmknownmcardiacmdisease,maggressivemintraoperativemloweringmofmmyocardialmoxygenm
demandmwithm hasmbeenmshownminmRCT'smtomimprovemoutcomesmandmshouldmbemused.m-manswer-
betamblockers
Whenmaccessingmcardiacmdisease mpriormtomsurgery,mwhatmismthe mmostmimportantmthingmtomaccess?m-
m answer- m aorticm stenosis m -- m crescendo m diastolicm rumble m atm apex
,Guidelinesmformthe muse mof mantibioticsminclude madministrationmwithinm
ofmsurgerymandmredosingmaft
erm4mhours.mWhatmismthe mabx mof mchoice?m-manswer-1mhour
Abx mofmchoice:mcefazolinmformallmexceptmcolorectalmthenmcefazolin/metronidazole
Pre-opm-- mMetabolicmdisease/syndrome m--mwhatmare mthe m5mcriteria?m-manswer-3/5mtomdiagnose:
1 -mdiabetes
2 -mcentralmobesity
3 -mHTN
4 -mhighmserummtriglycerrides
5 -mlowmHDLmlevels
shouldmbe mmonitoredmbefore msurgerymbcmitmismamstimulantmandmvasoconstrictorm--
m canmleadmtomsevere mtachycardiam-manswer-Cocaine
Pre-Opm-- mWhatmare mthe mindicationsmformEKG mandmCXR?m-manswer-EKG m-
m menm >40, m women>50, m known m CAD, m DM, m orm HTN
CXRm-mage m>50,mknownmcardiacmormpulmonarymdisease
Whatmare mthe m5mclassicm"W's"mof mpostmoperative mfever?m-manswer-Wm-
m windm(atelectasis) mWm-mwaterm(UTI)
Wm-mwoundm(woundminfection)
Wm-
walkingm(DVT/thrombophlebitis) mWm
m
-mwondermdrugsm(drugmfever)
Ifmthe mpostmopmfevermoccursmwithinmthemfirstm24mhoursmofmsurgery,mwhatmismthemmostmlikelymcause?m-manswer-
m wind/atelectasis
Ifmthe mpostmopmfevermoccursmwithinmdaysm3-5mpostmop,mwhatmismthe mmostmlikelymcause?m-manswer-
water/UTI,mcathetermrelatedmphlebitis,mpneumonia
,Ifmthempostmopmfevermoccursmwithinmdaysm5-10mpostmop,mwhatmismthemmostmlikelymcause?m-manswer-
woundminfection,mpneumonia,mabscess,minfectedmhematoma,mCmdiffmcolitis,manastomoticmleak,mDVT,
m peritonealm abscess, m drugm fever, m PE, m parotitis
ismthe mmostmcommonmpathogenminmwoundminfectionsmandmaroundmforeignmbodies.m-manswer-
Staphmaureus
invadesmthe minnermearmandmentericmtissuesmasmwellmasmthe mlung.m-manswer-Klebsiella
organismsmare moftenmfoundmtogethermwithmanaerobes.m-manswer-
Entericmorganismsmie.menterobacteriaceae mandmenterococci
Amongmthe manaerobes, m & are moftenmpresentminmsurgicalminfectionsmandm
speciesmare mmajormpathogensminmischemicmtissue.m-manswer-
Bacteroidesm&mPeptostreptococci;mClostridium
Some mfungimandmyeastmcause mabscessesminmsinusmtracts.m-manswer-Pseudomonasm&mSerratia
Historymof mrecentmsurgery,mtrauma,mcancer,mprolongedmimmobilization,mormoralmcontraceptivemuse mincre
asesmthe mriskmofm .m-manswer-DVTm-mdeepmveinmthrombosis
WhatmismHoman'smsign?m-manswer-painmonmpassive mdorsiflexionmof mankle
Whatmismthe mtestmofmchoice mformDVT?m-manswer-dopplermultrasound
Howmismthe mD-dimermtextmuseful?m-manswer-
ItmismgoodmatmrulingmamDVTmoutm(ifmthe mtextmismnegative) mbutmnotmrule mitmin
The mmostmcommonmcausemofmSIRSm(systemicminflammatorymresponse msyndrome)mismsepsis.mWhatmare mth
e mcriteriamformdx mof mSIRS?m-manswer-Atmleastm2mof mthe mfollowing:
1. tempm>38Cmorm<36C
2. tachym>90
3. tachypneam> m20mbreaths/minute
, 4. PCO2m<32mmHg
5. WBCm> m12,000/uLmorm<4000/uL
Aftermsepsis,mwhatmare mthe mnextmtwommostmcommonmcausesmofmSIRS?m-manswer-pancreatitismandmdrugs
Whatmismthe mdifference mbetweenmhypovolemiamandmdehydration?m-manswer-
hypovolemiamismlossmofmbothmwatermandmsodiummwhile mdehydrationmismlossmofmintracellularmwatermormde
ficitmwithmhypernatremiam--
m dehydration m occursm when m patientm canm notm adjustm waterm intake m form waterm loss
Whatmare mthe mclinicalmsignsmofmdehydrationmandmhypovolemia?m-manswer-
tachycardia,mhypotension, mpalemskin,mincreasedmcapillarymrefillmtime,mdizziness,mfaintness,mnausea,mthirst
,mdecreasedmurine moutputm--minmhypovolemia, murine mwillmdemonstrate mlowmsodiummconcentration
Whatmare m2mcommonmconditionsmwithmdehydration?m-manswer-
diabetesminsipidusm(lackmof mADHmormunable mtomrespondmtomADH),mfevermwithmincreasedmwatermloss
HyponatremiamCauses
= mcirrhosis,mCHF,mnephroticmsyndrome,mmassive medema
=statesmof msevere mpainmormnausea,mtrauma,mbrainmdamage,mSIADH
=prolongedmvomiting,mdecreasedmoralmintake,msevere mdiarrhea,mdiureticmuse
Miscmcausesm=mfactitiousmhyponatremia,mhypothyroidism, madrenalminsufficiency,mmalnourishedmstate
s,mprimarympolydipsiam-manswer-Hypervolemic, mEuvolemic,mHypovolemic
Whatmare mthe mtwommostmcommonmtreatmentsmformhyponatremia?
Othermlessmcommonmtreatment?m-manswer-
saltmtabsmandmfluidmrestriction;mvasopressinmreceptormantagonistminmSIADH,mCHF,mandmcirrhosis
Hypernatremiamismalmostmalwaysmdue mtom .mTherefore, mwhatmismthe mtreatment?m-
m answer- m dehydration;m rehydrate!
Whatms/smcanmresultminmamhyperkalemicmpatient?m-manswer-
cardiacmarrhythmiasm(tallmpeakedmTmwaves) mandmweakness
