Biod 152/A&P All portage Modules learning Exam Latest Up
u u u u u u u uu
date 2022 Graded A u u u
IntroutoutheuNervousuSystem
Notice:uTouoptimizeuyourulearninguinuthisucourse,uweuadviseuthatuyouucompleteutheulabsuandumodules
u asuindicateduinutheuBIODu152uLabuSchedule.
Theunervoususystemureceivesuanduprocessesuinformationuandusendsuoutusignalsutoutheumusclesuandugl
andsutouelicituanuappropriateuresponse.uInuthisuway,utheunervoususystemuintegratesuanducontrolsutheuo
therusystemsuofutheubody.
Inutheuhumanunervoususystem,utheucentralunervoususystemu(Figureubelow)uincludesutheubrainuanduheus
pinalucordu(dorsalunerveucord),uwhichulieuinutheumidlineuofutheubody.
Biod 152/A&P All portage Modules learning Exam Latest Up
u u u u u u u uu
date 2022 Graded A u u u
,Biod 152/A&P All portage Modules learning Exam Latest Up
u u u u u u u uu
date 2022 Graded A u u u
Theuskulluprotectsutheubrainuandutheuvertebraeuprotectutheuspinalucord.uTheucentralunervoususystemuc
anusendusignalsuoruimpulsesutouandureceiveuimpulsesufromutheuperipheralunervoususystem.uTheuperip
heralunervoususystemuincludesuallunervesunotuinutheubrainuoruspinalucorduwhichuareutheucranialunervesu
thatuconnectudirectlyutoutheubrainuandutheuspinalunervesuwhichuprojectufromueitherusideuofutheuspinalu
cord.uTheuperipheralunervoususystemuconnectsuallupartsuofutheubodyutoutheucentralunervoususystemua
nducanubeudivideduintouausensoryuoruafferentudivisionuanduaumotoruoruefferentudivision.uTheuperipher
alunervoususystemureceivesuimpulsesufromutheusensoryuorgansuviautheuafferentudivisionuanduthenurela
Biod 152/A&P All portage Modules learning Exam Latest Up
u u u u u u u uu
date 2022 Graded A u u u
,Biod 152/A&P All portage Modules learning Exam Latest Up
u u u u u u u uu
date 2022 Graded A u u u
ysusignalsuoruimpulsesufromutheucentralunervoususystemutoumusclesuanduglandsuviautheumotoruorueffer
entudivision.uTheuefferentudivisionucanubeufurtherudivideduintoutheusomaticusystemuandutheuautonomic
u system.uTheusomaticusystemunervesucontroluskeletalumuscles,uskin,uandujoints.uTheuautonomicusyste
munervesucontrolutheuglandsuandusmoothumusclesuofutheuinternaluorgansuanduareunotugenerallyuunderu
consciousucontroluanducanubeudivideduintoutwousystems:utheusympatheticusystemuwhichuactivatesuan
dupreparesutheubodyuforuvigorousumuscular
activity,ustress,uanduemergenciesuandutheuparasympatheticusystemuwhichulowersuactivity,uoperatesud
uringunormalusituations,upermitsudigestion,uanduconservesuenergy.
ProblemuSetu1:
1. Theufunctionuofutheunervoususystemuisutouintegrateuanducontrolutheuotherubodyusystems.uExplainuh
owutheunervoususystemudoesuthis.
theunervoususystemuisudivideduintoutheucentraluanduperipheralunervoususystem.uWithinutheuperipheral
u nervoususystemutheiruisutheuautonomicusystemuwhichucommunicateduwithusmoothumuscleuanduinter
naluorgansuanduglands.uAlsouinutheuperipheralusystemuisusomaticusystemuwhichucommunicatesuwithus
enseuorgansuanduvoluntaryumuscles.
2. Listutheu2upartsuofutheucentralunervoususystem.u
Brainuanduspinalucord
3. Howuareutheupartsuofutheucentralunervoususystemuprotected?u
brainuandutheuvertebrae
4. Howudoutheucentralunervoususystemuandutheuperipheralunervoususystemuinteract?ut
hroughusignalsuanduimpulses
Biod 152/A&P All portage Modules learning Exam Latest Up
u u u u u u u uu
date 2022 Graded A u u u
, Biod 152/A&P All portage Modules learning Exam Latest Up
u u u u u u u uu
date 2022 Graded A u u u
5. Whatuisuincludeduinutheuperipheralunervoususystem?u
allutheunervesunotuinutheubrainuoruspinalucord
6. Whatuareutheu2udivisionsuofutheuperipheralunervoususystem?us
ensoryu(afferent)uandumotoru(efferent)
7. Describeutheumovementuofunerveuimpulsesuinutheuperipheralunervoususystem.
Withinutheuperipheralunervoususystemutheiruisutheuautonomicusystemuwhichucommunicateduwithus
moothumuscleuanduinternaluorgansuanduglands.uAlsouinutheuperipheralusystemuisusomaticusystemuw
hichucommunicatesuwithusenseuorgansuanduvoluntaryumuscles.
8. Whatuareutheu2udivisionsuofutheuefferentudivisionuofutheuperipheralunervoususystem?ua
utonomicuandusomaticusystems
9. Whatuisucontrolledubyutheusomaticuanduautonomicunervoususystems?uauto
maticucommunicatesuwithusmoothumuscles,uinternaluorgansuanduglands.usoma
ticucommunicatesuwithuskeletalumuscles,uskinuandujoints
10. Whatuareutheu2udivisionsuofutheuautonomicunervoususystem?u
sympatheticuanduparasympathetic
11. Whatuisutheufunctionuofutheusympatheticunervoususystem?
touarouseuanduactivateumusclesuforuactivity,ustressuanduemergency
Biod 152/A&P All portage Modules learning Exam Latest Up
u u u u u u u uu
date 2022 Graded A u u u
u u u u u u u uu
date 2022 Graded A u u u
IntroutoutheuNervousuSystem
Notice:uTouoptimizeuyourulearninguinuthisucourse,uweuadviseuthatuyouucompleteutheulabsuandumodules
u asuindicateduinutheuBIODu152uLabuSchedule.
Theunervoususystemureceivesuanduprocessesuinformationuandusendsuoutusignalsutoutheumusclesuandugl
andsutouelicituanuappropriateuresponse.uInuthisuway,utheunervoususystemuintegratesuanducontrolsutheuo
therusystemsuofutheubody.
Inutheuhumanunervoususystem,utheucentralunervoususystemu(Figureubelow)uincludesutheubrainuanduheus
pinalucordu(dorsalunerveucord),uwhichulieuinutheumidlineuofutheubody.
Biod 152/A&P All portage Modules learning Exam Latest Up
u u u u u u u uu
date 2022 Graded A u u u
,Biod 152/A&P All portage Modules learning Exam Latest Up
u u u u u u u uu
date 2022 Graded A u u u
Theuskulluprotectsutheubrainuandutheuvertebraeuprotectutheuspinalucord.uTheucentralunervoususystemuc
anusendusignalsuoruimpulsesutouandureceiveuimpulsesufromutheuperipheralunervoususystem.uTheuperip
heralunervoususystemuincludesuallunervesunotuinutheubrainuoruspinalucorduwhichuareutheucranialunervesu
thatuconnectudirectlyutoutheubrainuandutheuspinalunervesuwhichuprojectufromueitherusideuofutheuspinalu
cord.uTheuperipheralunervoususystemuconnectsuallupartsuofutheubodyutoutheucentralunervoususystemua
nducanubeudivideduintouausensoryuoruafferentudivisionuanduaumotoruoruefferentudivision.uTheuperipher
alunervoususystemureceivesuimpulsesufromutheusensoryuorgansuviautheuafferentudivisionuanduthenurela
Biod 152/A&P All portage Modules learning Exam Latest Up
u u u u u u u uu
date 2022 Graded A u u u
,Biod 152/A&P All portage Modules learning Exam Latest Up
u u u u u u u uu
date 2022 Graded A u u u
ysusignalsuoruimpulsesufromutheucentralunervoususystemutoumusclesuanduglandsuviautheumotoruorueffer
entudivision.uTheuefferentudivisionucanubeufurtherudivideduintoutheusomaticusystemuandutheuautonomic
u system.uTheusomaticusystemunervesucontroluskeletalumuscles,uskin,uandujoints.uTheuautonomicusyste
munervesucontrolutheuglandsuandusmoothumusclesuofutheuinternaluorgansuanduareunotugenerallyuunderu
consciousucontroluanducanubeudivideduintoutwousystems:utheusympatheticusystemuwhichuactivatesuan
dupreparesutheubodyuforuvigorousumuscular
activity,ustress,uanduemergenciesuandutheuparasympatheticusystemuwhichulowersuactivity,uoperatesud
uringunormalusituations,upermitsudigestion,uanduconservesuenergy.
ProblemuSetu1:
1. Theufunctionuofutheunervoususystemuisutouintegrateuanducontrolutheuotherubodyusystems.uExplainuh
owutheunervoususystemudoesuthis.
theunervoususystemuisudivideduintoutheucentraluanduperipheralunervoususystem.uWithinutheuperipheral
u nervoususystemutheiruisutheuautonomicusystemuwhichucommunicateduwithusmoothumuscleuanduinter
naluorgansuanduglands.uAlsouinutheuperipheralusystemuisusomaticusystemuwhichucommunicatesuwithus
enseuorgansuanduvoluntaryumuscles.
2. Listutheu2upartsuofutheucentralunervoususystem.u
Brainuanduspinalucord
3. Howuareutheupartsuofutheucentralunervoususystemuprotected?u
brainuandutheuvertebrae
4. Howudoutheucentralunervoususystemuandutheuperipheralunervoususystemuinteract?ut
hroughusignalsuanduimpulses
Biod 152/A&P All portage Modules learning Exam Latest Up
u u u u u u u uu
date 2022 Graded A u u u
, Biod 152/A&P All portage Modules learning Exam Latest Up
u u u u u u u uu
date 2022 Graded A u u u
5. Whatuisuincludeduinutheuperipheralunervoususystem?u
allutheunervesunotuinutheubrainuoruspinalucord
6. Whatuareutheu2udivisionsuofutheuperipheralunervoususystem?us
ensoryu(afferent)uandumotoru(efferent)
7. Describeutheumovementuofunerveuimpulsesuinutheuperipheralunervoususystem.
Withinutheuperipheralunervoususystemutheiruisutheuautonomicusystemuwhichucommunicateduwithus
moothumuscleuanduinternaluorgansuanduglands.uAlsouinutheuperipheralusystemuisusomaticusystemuw
hichucommunicatesuwithusenseuorgansuanduvoluntaryumuscles.
8. Whatuareutheu2udivisionsuofutheuefferentudivisionuofutheuperipheralunervoususystem?ua
utonomicuandusomaticusystems
9. Whatuisucontrolledubyutheusomaticuanduautonomicunervoususystems?uauto
maticucommunicatesuwithusmoothumuscles,uinternaluorgansuanduglands.usoma
ticucommunicatesuwithuskeletalumuscles,uskinuandujoints
10. Whatuareutheu2udivisionsuofutheuautonomicunervoususystem?u
sympatheticuanduparasympathetic
11. Whatuisutheufunctionuofutheusympatheticunervoususystem?
touarouseuanduactivateumusclesuforuactivity,ustressuanduemergency
Biod 152/A&P All portage Modules learning Exam Latest Up
u u u u u u u uu
date 2022 Graded A u u u
