CLEP American Government Glossa
p p p
ry Terms
p
527pCommitteep--
>namedpafterpcodep527pofpthepInternalpRevenuepCode,pappoliticalporganizationpthatppro
motespcertainpissues,pand,pasplongpaspitpifpnotpformallypaffiliatedpwithpappoliticalppartypan
dpdoespnotpspecificallypendorsepapcandidate,pitsppoliticalpadvertisementsparepnotptaxed.
ActingpPresidentp--
>theppersonpwhopassumesptheppowerspandpdutiespofptheppresidentpifphepbecomespincapac
itated-pthepviceppresident
ActivistpGovernmentp--
>apgovernmentpthatpcreatespwork,pemploysppeople,pandpprovidesptax-
fundedpbenefits,pwhichpU.S.pPresidentpFranklinpD.pRooseveltparguedpforpduringpthepearl
ypyearspofpthepGreatpDepression
AdpHocpCommitteep--
>likepapselectpcommittee,papcongressionalpcommitteepthatpisporganizedptopdealpwithpappa
rticular,ptemporarypmatter
AdministrativepDiscretionp(1)p--
>thepfreedompofpgovernmentpagenciesptopsetppoliciespaccordingptopguidelinespprovidedp
bypcongressionalplegislation
AdministrativepDiscretionp(2)p--
>thepinterpretationpofplaws,ppolicies,pandpcourtpdecisionspthatpbureaucratspinpleadershipp
positionsphave
AdministrativepLawp-->rulespandpregulationspformulatedpbypgovernmentpagencies
AdmiraltypCourtsp--
>establishedpbypthepSugarpAct,pBritishpcourtspinpwhichpsmugglerspwereptriedpwithoutpth
epbenefitpofpapjurypofptheirppeers
AdvicepandpConsentp--
,>anpexpressionpinpthepConstitutionpthatpallowspthepSenateptoprestrictptheppresident'sppow
erspofpappointment
,AffirmativepActionp--
>programspthatpseekptopcompensatepforppastpdiscriminationpbypgivingpspecialpattentio
npinphiring,pandpinpcollegeporpuniversitypadmissions,ptoppeoplepfrompthepgroupspdiscri
minatedpagainst
Affirmedp--
>thepactionpofpthepSupremepCourtporpanotherpsuperiorpcourtpthatpacceptspappreviouspco
urt'spdecision
Agostinipv.Feltonp--
>apSupremepCourtpcasepinpwhichpthepCourtpruledpthatpthepFirstpAmendmentptopthepCons
titutionprequiresponlypgovernmentpneutralityptowardpreligion,pwhichpallowedppublicpsch
oolpteachersptopteachpremedial,pnonreligiouspclassespatpreligiouspschoolspatptaxpayers'pe
xpense
AmericanpBillpofpRightsp-->thepfirstptenpamendmentsptopthepU.S.pConstitution
AmicuspCuriaepBriefp--
>ap"friendpofpthepcourt"pbrief,poftenpsubmittedpinpapcasepbypanpinterestpgroupptoppersuad
epthepcourtpthatpitpshouldpdecidepapcasepapcertainpwaypAnti-pincumbencyp--
>apsentimentpagainstpelectedpofficialspcurrentlypinppower
AppropriationspCommitteep--
>thepcommitteepinpeachpchamberpofpCongresspthatpispconcernedpwithpthepspendingpofpfe
deralpmoney
AppropriationspCommitteesp--
>committeespthatphadptopapprovepthepfundspauthorizedpbypcongressionalpauthorizationp
committeespbeforeptheypwerepspentpinpthepdecadespfollowingpWorldpWarpII
ApprovalpRatingsp--
>regularppollspthatpshowpthepextentptopwhichptheppublicpapprovespofpthepperformancepofp
theppresidentporpotherppoliticians
Aprilp15p-->thepdateponpwhichpannualptaxpreturnsparepdueptopthepgovernment
, ArticlespofpConfederationp--
>thepnationalpconstitutionpwrittenpbeforepindependencephadpformallypbeenpdeclared,p
adoptedpbypthepSecondpnationalpCongresspinp1777,pandpratifiedpbypallpthepstatespbyp17
81
Athensp-->thepGreekpcity-
statepthatphadpthepfirstpknownpdirectpdemocracy,pinpwhichpfreepmalepcitizenspdebatedp
andpvotedponpeveryplaw
AttackpAdp--
>anpadpdesignedptopcreatepnegativepfeelingspaboutpapcandidate'spopponentpAttentivepPol
icypElitesp-->peoplepwhoppaypclosepattentionptoppoliticalpmatters
AustralianpSecretpBallotp--
>thepmodelpofpthepmethodpbypwhichppeoplepvotepprivately,pfirstpintroducedpinpAustrali
apinptheplatep1800s
AuthorizationpCommitteesp--
>variouspcommitteespinpcongresspthatpauthorizedpspendingponpdifferentpprojectsp(suchp
aspforpupgradedpdamspinpthepMidwest)pinpthepdecadespfollowingpWorldpWarpII
BabypBoomersp-->Americanspwhopwerepbornpbetweenp1946pandp1964
BalancedpBudgetpActp--
>ap1997plaw,psignedpbypPresidentpbillpClinton,pthatpledpnotponlyptopapbalancedpbudget,pbut
palsoptopapbudgetpsurpluspforpthepfirstptimepsincepthependpofpthep1960s
Ballotp-->thepmethodpbypwhichpappersonpcastspapvotepinpanpelection
Barronpv.pBaltimorep--
>thep1883pSupremepCourtpcasepinpwhichpthepCourtpdeterminedpthatpthepBillpofpRightspa
ppliedptopthepfederalpgovernmentspandpdidpnotpbindpthepstatepgovernments
Bicameralp--
p p p
ry Terms
p
527pCommitteep--
>namedpafterpcodep527pofpthepInternalpRevenuepCode,pappoliticalporganizationpthatppro
motespcertainpissues,pand,pasplongpaspitpifpnotpformallypaffiliatedpwithpappoliticalppartypan
dpdoespnotpspecificallypendorsepapcandidate,pitsppoliticalpadvertisementsparepnotptaxed.
ActingpPresidentp--
>theppersonpwhopassumesptheppowerspandpdutiespofptheppresidentpifphepbecomespincapac
itated-pthepviceppresident
ActivistpGovernmentp--
>apgovernmentpthatpcreatespwork,pemploysppeople,pandpprovidesptax-
fundedpbenefits,pwhichpU.S.pPresidentpFranklinpD.pRooseveltparguedpforpduringpthepearl
ypyearspofpthepGreatpDepression
AdpHocpCommitteep--
>likepapselectpcommittee,papcongressionalpcommitteepthatpisporganizedptopdealpwithpappa
rticular,ptemporarypmatter
AdministrativepDiscretionp(1)p--
>thepfreedompofpgovernmentpagenciesptopsetppoliciespaccordingptopguidelinespprovidedp
bypcongressionalplegislation
AdministrativepDiscretionp(2)p--
>thepinterpretationpofplaws,ppolicies,pandpcourtpdecisionspthatpbureaucratspinpleadershipp
positionsphave
AdministrativepLawp-->rulespandpregulationspformulatedpbypgovernmentpagencies
AdmiraltypCourtsp--
>establishedpbypthepSugarpAct,pBritishpcourtspinpwhichpsmugglerspwereptriedpwithoutpth
epbenefitpofpapjurypofptheirppeers
AdvicepandpConsentp--
,>anpexpressionpinpthepConstitutionpthatpallowspthepSenateptoprestrictptheppresident'sppow
erspofpappointment
,AffirmativepActionp--
>programspthatpseekptopcompensatepforppastpdiscriminationpbypgivingpspecialpattentio
npinphiring,pandpinpcollegeporpuniversitypadmissions,ptoppeoplepfrompthepgroupspdiscri
minatedpagainst
Affirmedp--
>thepactionpofpthepSupremepCourtporpanotherpsuperiorpcourtpthatpacceptspappreviouspco
urt'spdecision
Agostinipv.Feltonp--
>apSupremepCourtpcasepinpwhichpthepCourtpruledpthatpthepFirstpAmendmentptopthepCons
titutionprequiresponlypgovernmentpneutralityptowardpreligion,pwhichpallowedppublicpsch
oolpteachersptopteachpremedial,pnonreligiouspclassespatpreligiouspschoolspatptaxpayers'pe
xpense
AmericanpBillpofpRightsp-->thepfirstptenpamendmentsptopthepU.S.pConstitution
AmicuspCuriaepBriefp--
>ap"friendpofpthepcourt"pbrief,poftenpsubmittedpinpapcasepbypanpinterestpgroupptoppersuad
epthepcourtpthatpitpshouldpdecidepapcasepapcertainpwaypAnti-pincumbencyp--
>apsentimentpagainstpelectedpofficialspcurrentlypinppower
AppropriationspCommitteep--
>thepcommitteepinpeachpchamberpofpCongresspthatpispconcernedpwithpthepspendingpofpfe
deralpmoney
AppropriationspCommitteesp--
>committeespthatphadptopapprovepthepfundspauthorizedpbypcongressionalpauthorizationp
committeespbeforeptheypwerepspentpinpthepdecadespfollowingpWorldpWarpII
ApprovalpRatingsp--
>regularppollspthatpshowpthepextentptopwhichptheppublicpapprovespofpthepperformancepofp
theppresidentporpotherppoliticians
Aprilp15p-->thepdateponpwhichpannualptaxpreturnsparepdueptopthepgovernment
, ArticlespofpConfederationp--
>thepnationalpconstitutionpwrittenpbeforepindependencephadpformallypbeenpdeclared,p
adoptedpbypthepSecondpnationalpCongresspinp1777,pandpratifiedpbypallpthepstatespbyp17
81
Athensp-->thepGreekpcity-
statepthatphadpthepfirstpknownpdirectpdemocracy,pinpwhichpfreepmalepcitizenspdebatedp
andpvotedponpeveryplaw
AttackpAdp--
>anpadpdesignedptopcreatepnegativepfeelingspaboutpapcandidate'spopponentpAttentivepPol
icypElitesp-->peoplepwhoppaypclosepattentionptoppoliticalpmatters
AustralianpSecretpBallotp--
>thepmodelpofpthepmethodpbypwhichppeoplepvotepprivately,pfirstpintroducedpinpAustrali
apinptheplatep1800s
AuthorizationpCommitteesp--
>variouspcommitteespinpcongresspthatpauthorizedpspendingponpdifferentpprojectsp(suchp
aspforpupgradedpdamspinpthepMidwest)pinpthepdecadespfollowingpWorldpWarpII
BabypBoomersp-->Americanspwhopwerepbornpbetweenp1946pandp1964
BalancedpBudgetpActp--
>ap1997plaw,psignedpbypPresidentpbillpClinton,pthatpledpnotponlyptopapbalancedpbudget,pbut
palsoptopapbudgetpsurpluspforpthepfirstptimepsincepthependpofpthep1960s
Ballotp-->thepmethodpbypwhichpappersonpcastspapvotepinpanpelection
Barronpv.pBaltimorep--
>thep1883pSupremepCourtpcasepinpwhichpthepCourtpdeterminedpthatpthepBillpofpRightspa
ppliedptopthepfederalpgovernmentspandpdidpnotpbindpthepstatepgovernments
Bicameralp--
