REA CLEP American Government Study
v v v v v
ThevConstitutionvofvthevUnitedvStatesvwasvwrittenvinvthevyear .v-
vCorrectvanswer-1787
A(n)
isvavformvofvgovernmentvinvwhichvthevpeoplev(definedvbroadlyvtovi
ncludevallvadultsvorvnarrowlyvtovexcludevwomenvandvslaves,vforvexample)varevthevultimat
evpoliticalvauthority.v-vCorrectvanswer-democracy
ListvthevthreevqualificationsvofvsuffragevforvcitizensvofvthevUnitedvStates.
1. atvleast yearsvofvage
2. isvnotvavfelonvservingvtimevinvprison
3. hasvnot,vbyvreasonvof
,vbeenvplacedvundervthevsupervisionvofvanothervpersonv-vCorrectvanswer-
eighteen
felonvinsanit
y
Beforev1870,vonlyv hadvthevrightvtovvote.v-vCorrectvanswer-white
men
InvwhatvyearvwasvAfricanvAmericansvgrantedvsuffrage?v-vCorrectvanswer-1870
Womenvdidvnotvreceivevnationwidevsuffragevuntil .v -vCorrectvanswer-1920
Forvthevmostvpart,vthevUnitedvStatesvisva(n)
democracy,vmeaningvthatvv
otersvelectvthevpeoplevwhovrepresentvthemvinvgovernmentalvbodies.v-vCorrectvanswer-
vrepresentative
Invsomevinstances,vAmericansvexercisev
democracy,vmeaningvcit
izensvvotevdirectlyvonvpoliticalvissues,vandvthevmajorityvwins.v-vCorrectvanswer-direct
ThevfirstvdirectvdemocracyvwevknowvofvwasvinvthevGreekvcity-statevof .v-
vCorrectvanswer-Athens
DirectvdemocracyvinvthevUnitedvStatesvtodayvcanvbevseenvinv
,vwherevcitizensvofvavtownvmakevdecisionsvaboutvlo
cal matters. - Correct answer-New England town meetings
Othervmanifestationsvofvdirectvdemocracyvcamevinvthevformvof ,
,vand .v-vCorrectvanswer-
initiativesvreferenda
recall
,A(n) isvthevproposalvbyvavspecifiedvnumbervofvvotersvofvavstatute,
constitutionalvamendment,vorvordinancevtovcompelvavpopularvvotevonvitsvadoption;valsovknownv
asvavproposition.v-vCorrectvanswer-initiative
A(n)
isvthevsubmissionvofvavpiecevofvlegislationv(intendedvorvactual)vd
irectlyvtovvotersvforvapproval.v-vCorrectvanswer-referendum
Inv2006,vvotersvinvMichiganvvotedvonvanvinitiativevtoveliminate
programsvinvpublicvuniversitiesvandvinvstatevemployment.v-
vCorrectvanswer-affirmativev action
programsvseekvtovcompensatevforvpastvdiscrimin
ationvbyvgivingvspecialvattentionvinvhiringvandvcollegevorvuniversityvadmissionsvtovpeoplevf
romvgroupsvdiscriminatedvagainst.v-vCorrectvanswer-Affirmativevaction
A isvthevdirectvactionvofvvotersvtovremovevavpoliticalvfigurevfromvoffice.v-
vCorrectvanswer-recall
ThevConstitution'svframersvputvinvplaceva
democracyvbecausevtheyvworr
iedvthatvthev"passions"vofvthevpeople,vwhichvsometimesvwerevdrivenvbyvpoliticalvfads,vcouldv
derailvgoodvgovernment.v-vCorrectvanswer-representative
A(n) isvavpoliticalvsystemvwithoutvavmonarch.v -vCorrectvanswer-republic
Avrepublicvisvavpoliticalvsystemvinvwhichvthevpeoplevhavevpoliticalvpowerv-
vthatvis,vtheyvexercisev .v-vCorrectvanswer-popularvsovereignty
ThevUnitedvStatesvisvbestvdescribedvasvav .v -vCorrect
answer-democraticvrepublic
Accordingvtovthevtheoryvofv
,vthevgovernmentvshouldvdov
whatvmostvpeoplevinvthevcountryvwantvitvtovdo.v-vCorrectvanswer-majoritarianism
Accordingvtovthe
theory,velitesvrunvforvoffice,vpayvforvcampaigns,vscratchvt
heirvfriends'vbacks,vandvaccumulatevpowerv-
vallv whilevsingingv thevpraisesvofvpopularvsovereignty.v -vCorrectvanswer-elite
BecausevevenvaftervthevAmericanvRevolution,vmostvofvthevcountry'svleadersvarguedvthatvo
nlyvmenvwhovownedvavcertainvamountvofvpropertyvshouldvhavevthevvote,vonevcanvdeducevt
hatvthevConstitutionalvframersvseemedvtovadvocatevavformvof
vth
eory.v-vCorrectvanswer-elite
ManyvseevthevUnitedvStatesvoperatingvonvthevtheoryvofvpolitical
,vmea
ningvthatvdifferentvinterestvgroupsvarguevforvdifferentvthings;vtheyvarevthenvwillingvtovmakev
politicalvcompromisesvandvaccommodations,vwhichvisvconsideredvthevartvofvpolitics.v-
vCorrectvanswer-pluralism
,A(n) groupvisvavgroupvofvpeoplevactingvtogethervinvsupportvofvcommon
concernsvthatvoftenvseekvtovinfluencevpolitics.v-vCorrectvanswer-interest
wrotevduringvdebatesvaboutvhowvtovframevthev
Constitutionvthatv"factions"v(hisvwordvforvinterestvgroups)vcouldvputvtheirvownvcausesva
headvofvthevnationalvgood.v-vCorrectvanswer-JamesvMadison
ThevEnglishvkingvempoweredvthevsettlersvinvthevcolonyvofvtobacco-growingvVirginiavto
establishvav invJamestownvforvthevpurposevof
promotingvthevgeneralvgood.v-vCorrectvanswer-representativevassembly
ThevPuritansvaboardvthevMayflowervintendedvtovlandvinvterritoryvundervthevVirginiavCompa
ny'svjurisdictionvbutvinsteadvcamevashorevat invMassachusetts.v-
vCorrectvanswer-Plymouth
ThevPuritansvdrewvupvtheirvownvgoverningvdocumentvcalledvthe
.vInvthisvdocument,vthevsignersvagreedvtovlivevundervthevcolony'svrecogni
zedvauthorityvandvwaitvforvavroyalvchartervsimilarvtovVirginia's.v-vCorrectvanswer-
vMayflowerv Compact
InvthevMayflowervCompact,vwevseevthevemergencevofvtwovimportantvconcepts:
1.
and
v
2.v -vCorrectvanswer-governmentvbyvconsent
avwillingnessvtovlivevundervthevrulevofvlaw
Thev werevlawsvpassedvbyvthevBritish
governmentvthatvsharplyvrestrictedvAmericanvtradevwithvthevDutch,vFrench,vandvSpanish,vw
ithvthevgoalvofvkeepingvasvmuchvwealthvasvpossiblevinvBritishvhands.v-vCorrectvanswer-
vNavigationvActs
wasvthevpolicyvofvthevBritish,vwhovwerevtryingvtov
managevavglobalvempire,vofvnotvenforcingvparliamentaryvlawsvinvthevAmericanvcoloniesvbe
forevthevFrenchvandvIndianvWar.v-vCorrectvanswer-Salutaryvneglect
ThevAmericansvbenefitedvfromvBritain'sv invthatvitvtaught
themvhowvtovmanagevtheirvownvaffairsvinvavself-governingvmanner.v-vCorrectvanswer-
vsalutaryvneglect
FollowingvthevcostlyvFrenchvandvIndianvWarvinvAmerica,vtheveravof
wasvover,vinvthatvBritainvwantedvthevAmericansvtovbecomevmorevobe
dientvtovthevmothervcountryvandvbettervcontributorsvtovthevempire.v-vCorrectvanswer-
vsalutaryvneglect
, ThevRevolutionaryvWarvisvdeemedvasvavcivilvwarvbecausevitvpitted ,
LoyalistsvlivingvinvAmericavwhovdidvnotvseevthatvrevolutionvwasvjustified,vagainstvothersvw
hovwantedvtovachievevindependencevfromvBritain.v-vCorrectvanswer-Tories
Thev wasvav1764vBritishvlawvthatvimposedvtaxesvon
colonistsvforvthevimportationvofvforeignvsugar,vwine,vcoffee,vandvothervgoods,vandvwasvdes
ignedvtovhelpvpayvthevcostsvofvthevFrenchvandvIndianvWarvasvwellvasvtovfundvthevBritishvgo
vernment'svoperations.v-vCorrectvanswer-SugarvAct
ThevSugarvActvestablishedv
,vinvwhichvsmugglersvwerevtriedvwithoutvthevb
enefitvofvavjuryvofvtheirvpeers.v-vCorrectvanswer-admiraltyvcourts
Thev wasvav1765vBritishvlawvthatvimposedvtaxesvonvthe
colonistsvforvmanyvpapervgoods,vsuchvasvnewspapers,vmarriagevannouncements,vplayin
gvcards,vandvsovon.v-vCorrectvanswer-StampvAct
AgainstvthevStampvActvdidvthevcolonistsvraisevthevsloganv"
."v-vCorrectvanswer-novtaxationvwithout
representation
Tovthevsloganv"novtaxationvwithoutvrepresentation"vdidvthevBritishvpreach
,vthevnotionvthatveveryvmembervofvParliamentvhadvthevwholevBritishvE
mpire'svinterestsvatvmind.v-vCorrectvanswer-virtualvrepresentation
Thev / werev1767vBritish
lawsvthatvimposedvtaxesvonvthevcolonistsvforvgoodsvdirectlyvimportedvfromvEngland,vsuchva
svtea.v-vCorrectvanswer-TownshendvActs/Duties
Thev / werev1774vBritish
laws,vpassedvinvresponsevtovthevBostonvTeavParty,vthatvimposedvgreatervBritishvcontrolvofv
thevgovernmentvofvMassachusetts,vpreventedvBritishvofficialsvaccusedvofvcrimesvfromvbei
ngvtriedvinvMassachusetts,vandvprovidedvforvthevhousingvofvBritishvsoldiersvinvprivatevhom
es.v-vCorrectvanswer-Coercive/IntolerablevActs
Thev wasvav1773vactvofvpoliticalvand
economicvprotestvagainstvthevauthorityvofvthevBritishvgovernmentvtovimposevtaxesvuponvA
mericanvcolonies,vinvwhichvavmobvofvcolonistsvcastvBritishvteavintovBostonvHarbor.v-
vCorrectvanswer-BostonvTeavParty.
Placevthevfollowingveventsvinvordervfromvearliestvtovlatestvinvhistory:
1. BostonvTeavParty
2. CoercivevActs
3. StampvAct
4. SugarvAct
5. TownshendvDutiesv-vCorrectvanswer-1.vSugarvAct
v v v v v
ThevConstitutionvofvthevUnitedvStatesvwasvwrittenvinvthevyear .v-
vCorrectvanswer-1787
A(n)
isvavformvofvgovernmentvinvwhichvthevpeoplev(definedvbroadlyvtovi
ncludevallvadultsvorvnarrowlyvtovexcludevwomenvandvslaves,vforvexample)varevthevultimat
evpoliticalvauthority.v-vCorrectvanswer-democracy
ListvthevthreevqualificationsvofvsuffragevforvcitizensvofvthevUnitedvStates.
1. atvleast yearsvofvage
2. isvnotvavfelonvservingvtimevinvprison
3. hasvnot,vbyvreasonvof
,vbeenvplacedvundervthevsupervisionvofvanothervpersonv-vCorrectvanswer-
eighteen
felonvinsanit
y
Beforev1870,vonlyv hadvthevrightvtovvote.v-vCorrectvanswer-white
men
InvwhatvyearvwasvAfricanvAmericansvgrantedvsuffrage?v-vCorrectvanswer-1870
Womenvdidvnotvreceivevnationwidevsuffragevuntil .v -vCorrectvanswer-1920
Forvthevmostvpart,vthevUnitedvStatesvisva(n)
democracy,vmeaningvthatvv
otersvelectvthevpeoplevwhovrepresentvthemvinvgovernmentalvbodies.v-vCorrectvanswer-
vrepresentative
Invsomevinstances,vAmericansvexercisev
democracy,vmeaningvcit
izensvvotevdirectlyvonvpoliticalvissues,vandvthevmajorityvwins.v-vCorrectvanswer-direct
ThevfirstvdirectvdemocracyvwevknowvofvwasvinvthevGreekvcity-statevof .v-
vCorrectvanswer-Athens
DirectvdemocracyvinvthevUnitedvStatesvtodayvcanvbevseenvinv
,vwherevcitizensvofvavtownvmakevdecisionsvaboutvlo
cal matters. - Correct answer-New England town meetings
Othervmanifestationsvofvdirectvdemocracyvcamevinvthevformvof ,
,vand .v-vCorrectvanswer-
initiativesvreferenda
recall
,A(n) isvthevproposalvbyvavspecifiedvnumbervofvvotersvofvavstatute,
constitutionalvamendment,vorvordinancevtovcompelvavpopularvvotevonvitsvadoption;valsovknownv
asvavproposition.v-vCorrectvanswer-initiative
A(n)
isvthevsubmissionvofvavpiecevofvlegislationv(intendedvorvactual)vd
irectlyvtovvotersvforvapproval.v-vCorrectvanswer-referendum
Inv2006,vvotersvinvMichiganvvotedvonvanvinitiativevtoveliminate
programsvinvpublicvuniversitiesvandvinvstatevemployment.v-
vCorrectvanswer-affirmativev action
programsvseekvtovcompensatevforvpastvdiscrimin
ationvbyvgivingvspecialvattentionvinvhiringvandvcollegevorvuniversityvadmissionsvtovpeoplevf
romvgroupsvdiscriminatedvagainst.v-vCorrectvanswer-Affirmativevaction
A isvthevdirectvactionvofvvotersvtovremovevavpoliticalvfigurevfromvoffice.v-
vCorrectvanswer-recall
ThevConstitution'svframersvputvinvplaceva
democracyvbecausevtheyvworr
iedvthatvthev"passions"vofvthevpeople,vwhichvsometimesvwerevdrivenvbyvpoliticalvfads,vcouldv
derailvgoodvgovernment.v-vCorrectvanswer-representative
A(n) isvavpoliticalvsystemvwithoutvavmonarch.v -vCorrectvanswer-republic
Avrepublicvisvavpoliticalvsystemvinvwhichvthevpeoplevhavevpoliticalvpowerv-
vthatvis,vtheyvexercisev .v-vCorrectvanswer-popularvsovereignty
ThevUnitedvStatesvisvbestvdescribedvasvav .v -vCorrect
answer-democraticvrepublic
Accordingvtovthevtheoryvofv
,vthevgovernmentvshouldvdov
whatvmostvpeoplevinvthevcountryvwantvitvtovdo.v-vCorrectvanswer-majoritarianism
Accordingvtovthe
theory,velitesvrunvforvoffice,vpayvforvcampaigns,vscratchvt
heirvfriends'vbacks,vandvaccumulatevpowerv-
vallv whilevsingingv thevpraisesvofvpopularvsovereignty.v -vCorrectvanswer-elite
BecausevevenvaftervthevAmericanvRevolution,vmostvofvthevcountry'svleadersvarguedvthatvo
nlyvmenvwhovownedvavcertainvamountvofvpropertyvshouldvhavevthevvote,vonevcanvdeducevt
hatvthevConstitutionalvframersvseemedvtovadvocatevavformvof
vth
eory.v-vCorrectvanswer-elite
ManyvseevthevUnitedvStatesvoperatingvonvthevtheoryvofvpolitical
,vmea
ningvthatvdifferentvinterestvgroupsvarguevforvdifferentvthings;vtheyvarevthenvwillingvtovmakev
politicalvcompromisesvandvaccommodations,vwhichvisvconsideredvthevartvofvpolitics.v-
vCorrectvanswer-pluralism
,A(n) groupvisvavgroupvofvpeoplevactingvtogethervinvsupportvofvcommon
concernsvthatvoftenvseekvtovinfluencevpolitics.v-vCorrectvanswer-interest
wrotevduringvdebatesvaboutvhowvtovframevthev
Constitutionvthatv"factions"v(hisvwordvforvinterestvgroups)vcouldvputvtheirvownvcausesva
headvofvthevnationalvgood.v-vCorrectvanswer-JamesvMadison
ThevEnglishvkingvempoweredvthevsettlersvinvthevcolonyvofvtobacco-growingvVirginiavto
establishvav invJamestownvforvthevpurposevof
promotingvthevgeneralvgood.v-vCorrectvanswer-representativevassembly
ThevPuritansvaboardvthevMayflowervintendedvtovlandvinvterritoryvundervthevVirginiavCompa
ny'svjurisdictionvbutvinsteadvcamevashorevat invMassachusetts.v-
vCorrectvanswer-Plymouth
ThevPuritansvdrewvupvtheirvownvgoverningvdocumentvcalledvthe
.vInvthisvdocument,vthevsignersvagreedvtovlivevundervthevcolony'svrecogni
zedvauthorityvandvwaitvforvavroyalvchartervsimilarvtovVirginia's.v-vCorrectvanswer-
vMayflowerv Compact
InvthevMayflowervCompact,vwevseevthevemergencevofvtwovimportantvconcepts:
1.
and
v
2.v -vCorrectvanswer-governmentvbyvconsent
avwillingnessvtovlivevundervthevrulevofvlaw
Thev werevlawsvpassedvbyvthevBritish
governmentvthatvsharplyvrestrictedvAmericanvtradevwithvthevDutch,vFrench,vandvSpanish,vw
ithvthevgoalvofvkeepingvasvmuchvwealthvasvpossiblevinvBritishvhands.v-vCorrectvanswer-
vNavigationvActs
wasvthevpolicyvofvthevBritish,vwhovwerevtryingvtov
managevavglobalvempire,vofvnotvenforcingvparliamentaryvlawsvinvthevAmericanvcoloniesvbe
forevthevFrenchvandvIndianvWar.v-vCorrectvanswer-Salutaryvneglect
ThevAmericansvbenefitedvfromvBritain'sv invthatvitvtaught
themvhowvtovmanagevtheirvownvaffairsvinvavself-governingvmanner.v-vCorrectvanswer-
vsalutaryvneglect
FollowingvthevcostlyvFrenchvandvIndianvWarvinvAmerica,vtheveravof
wasvover,vinvthatvBritainvwantedvthevAmericansvtovbecomevmorevobe
dientvtovthevmothervcountryvandvbettervcontributorsvtovthevempire.v-vCorrectvanswer-
vsalutaryvneglect
, ThevRevolutionaryvWarvisvdeemedvasvavcivilvwarvbecausevitvpitted ,
LoyalistsvlivingvinvAmericavwhovdidvnotvseevthatvrevolutionvwasvjustified,vagainstvothersvw
hovwantedvtovachievevindependencevfromvBritain.v-vCorrectvanswer-Tories
Thev wasvav1764vBritishvlawvthatvimposedvtaxesvon
colonistsvforvthevimportationvofvforeignvsugar,vwine,vcoffee,vandvothervgoods,vandvwasvdes
ignedvtovhelpvpayvthevcostsvofvthevFrenchvandvIndianvWarvasvwellvasvtovfundvthevBritishvgo
vernment'svoperations.v-vCorrectvanswer-SugarvAct
ThevSugarvActvestablishedv
,vinvwhichvsmugglersvwerevtriedvwithoutvthevb
enefitvofvavjuryvofvtheirvpeers.v-vCorrectvanswer-admiraltyvcourts
Thev wasvav1765vBritishvlawvthatvimposedvtaxesvonvthe
colonistsvforvmanyvpapervgoods,vsuchvasvnewspapers,vmarriagevannouncements,vplayin
gvcards,vandvsovon.v-vCorrectvanswer-StampvAct
AgainstvthevStampvActvdidvthevcolonistsvraisevthevsloganv"
."v-vCorrectvanswer-novtaxationvwithout
representation
Tovthevsloganv"novtaxationvwithoutvrepresentation"vdidvthevBritishvpreach
,vthevnotionvthatveveryvmembervofvParliamentvhadvthevwholevBritishvE
mpire'svinterestsvatvmind.v-vCorrectvanswer-virtualvrepresentation
Thev / werev1767vBritish
lawsvthatvimposedvtaxesvonvthevcolonistsvforvgoodsvdirectlyvimportedvfromvEngland,vsuchva
svtea.v-vCorrectvanswer-TownshendvActs/Duties
Thev / werev1774vBritish
laws,vpassedvinvresponsevtovthevBostonvTeavParty,vthatvimposedvgreatervBritishvcontrolvofv
thevgovernmentvofvMassachusetts,vpreventedvBritishvofficialsvaccusedvofvcrimesvfromvbei
ngvtriedvinvMassachusetts,vandvprovidedvforvthevhousingvofvBritishvsoldiersvinvprivatevhom
es.v-vCorrectvanswer-Coercive/IntolerablevActs
Thev wasvav1773vactvofvpoliticalvand
economicvprotestvagainstvthevauthorityvofvthevBritishvgovernmentvtovimposevtaxesvuponvA
mericanvcolonies,vinvwhichvavmobvofvcolonistsvcastvBritishvteavintovBostonvHarbor.v-
vCorrectvanswer-BostonvTeavParty.
Placevthevfollowingveventsvinvordervfromvearliestvtovlatestvinvhistory:
1. BostonvTeavParty
2. CoercivevActs
3. StampvAct
4. SugarvAct
5. TownshendvDutiesv-vCorrectvanswer-1.vSugarvAct
