ACLS Final Exam latest updated version april t t t t t t
A patient with suspected acute coronary syndromes (ACS) is placed on a cardiac monitor. Thepatie
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nt is complaining of dyspnea and is given supplemental oxygen. The provider determinesthat the ox
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ygen is effective based on which SaO2 level?
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When a patient presents with potential ACS, the patient should have oxygen administered tomain
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tain an SaO2 of at least 94%.
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A patient experiences cardiac arrest, and the resuscitation team initiates ventilations using a bag-
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valve-
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mask (BVM) resuscitator. The development of which condition during the provision of care would le
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ad the team to suspect that improper BVM technique is being used?
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Complications can occur with the use of a BVM resuscitator due to improper technique. Delivering t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t
excessive volume or ventilating too fast creates excessive pressure that can damagethe airways, lun
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gs and other organs. Excessive volume can lead to tension pneumothorax.
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Assessment of a patient reveals an ETCO2 level of 55 mmHg and an arterial oxygen saturation(SaO
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2) level of 88%. The provider would interpret these findings as indicative of which condition?
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An SaO2 level of less than 90% (PaO2 of less than 50 mmHg) accompanied by ETCO2 valuesgreate
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r than 50 mmHg is indicative of respiratory failure.
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A healthcare provider initiates ventilations to ensure adequate breathing and oxygenation. Whilevent
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ilations are being performed, capnography is established to evaluate the adequacy of the ventilations.
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The healthcare provider determines that ventilations are adequate based on which end-
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tidal carbon dioxide (ETCO2) value?
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, End-tidal carbon dioxide values in the range of 35 to 45 mmHg confirm adequacy of ventilation.
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A patient comes to the emergency department complaining of palpitations and "some shortnessof br
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eath." Cardiac monitoring is initiated and reveals the following ECG rhythm strip. The provider inte
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rprets this strip as indicating which arrhythmia?
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In atrial flutter, atrial contraction occurs at such a rapid rate that discrete P waves separated by a flat bas
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eline cannot be seen on the strip. Instead, the baseline continually rises and falls, producing the "flutter"
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waves. In leads II and III, the flutter waves may be quite prominent, creating a "sawtooth" pattern. Beca
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use of the volume of atrial impulses, the AV node allows onlysome of the impulses to pass through to th
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e ventricles. In atrial flutter, a 2:1 ratio is the most common (i.e., for every two flutter waves, only one i
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mpulse passes through the AV node to generate a QRS complex). Ratios of 3:1 and 4:1 are also frequent
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ly seen.t
A person suddenly collapses while sitting in the sunroom of a healthcare facility. A healthcareprovi
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der observes the event and hurries over to assess the situation. The healthcare provider performs wh
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ich assessment first?
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A systematic approach to assessment is necessary. The healthcare provider should first perform arapid
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assessment. A rapid assessment is a quick visual survey to ensure safety, to form an initial impression a
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bout the patient's condition, and to check for responsiveness, breathing and a pulse if the patient appea
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rs to be unresponsive. This would be followed by a primary assessment and then a secondary assessme
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nt.
A 35-year-old female patient's ECG is consistent with STEMI. The ECG reveals a new ST-
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segment elevation at the J point in leads V2 and V3 of at least which size?
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New ST- t
segment elevation at the J point in leads V2 and V3 of at least 0.15 mV (1.5 mm) inwomen 40 years
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or younger is considered diagnostic of STEMI.
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An ECG strip of a patient in the emergency department reveals the following rhythm. Whichfeatu
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re would the healthcare provider interpret as indicating atrial fibrillation?
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The two key features of atrial fibrillation on ECG are the absence of discrete P waves and thepresen
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ce of irregularly irregular QRS complexes.
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A patient with suspected acute coronary syndromes (ACS) is placed on a cardiac monitor. Thepatie
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t
nt is complaining of dyspnea and is given supplemental oxygen. The provider determinesthat the ox
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t
ygen is effective based on which SaO2 level?
t t t t t t t
When a patient presents with potential ACS, the patient should have oxygen administered tomain
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t
tain an SaO2 of at least 94%.
t t t t t t
A patient experiences cardiac arrest, and the resuscitation team initiates ventilations using a bag-
t t t t t t t t t t t t t
valve-
t
mask (BVM) resuscitator. The development of which condition during the provision of care would le
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t
ad the team to suspect that improper BVM technique is being used?
t t t t t t t t t t t
Complications can occur with the use of a BVM resuscitator due to improper technique. Delivering t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t
excessive volume or ventilating too fast creates excessive pressure that can damagethe airways, lun
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t
gs and other organs. Excessive volume can lead to tension pneumothorax.
t t t t t t t t t t
Assessment of a patient reveals an ETCO2 level of 55 mmHg and an arterial oxygen saturation(SaO
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t
2) level of 88%. The provider would interpret these findings as indicative of which condition?
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t
An SaO2 level of less than 90% (PaO2 of less than 50 mmHg) accompanied by ETCO2 valuesgreate
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t
r than 50 mmHg is indicative of respiratory failure.
t t t t t t t t
A healthcare provider initiates ventilations to ensure adequate breathing and oxygenation. Whilevent
t t t t t t t t t t t t
ilations are being performed, capnography is established to evaluate the adequacy of the ventilations.
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t
The healthcare provider determines that ventilations are adequate based on which end-
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tidal carbon dioxide (ETCO2) value?
t t t t
, End-tidal carbon dioxide values in the range of 35 to 45 mmHg confirm adequacy of ventilation.
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t
A patient comes to the emergency department complaining of palpitations and "some shortnessof br
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t
eath." Cardiac monitoring is initiated and reveals the following ECG rhythm strip. The provider inte
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t
rprets this strip as indicating which arrhythmia?
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In atrial flutter, atrial contraction occurs at such a rapid rate that discrete P waves separated by a flat bas
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t
eline cannot be seen on the strip. Instead, the baseline continually rises and falls, producing the "flutter"
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t
waves. In leads II and III, the flutter waves may be quite prominent, creating a "sawtooth" pattern. Beca
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t
use of the volume of atrial impulses, the AV node allows onlysome of the impulses to pass through to th
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e ventricles. In atrial flutter, a 2:1 ratio is the most common (i.e., for every two flutter waves, only one i
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t
mpulse passes through the AV node to generate a QRS complex). Ratios of 3:1 and 4:1 are also frequent
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t
ly seen.t
A person suddenly collapses while sitting in the sunroom of a healthcare facility. A healthcareprovi
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t
der observes the event and hurries over to assess the situation. The healthcare provider performs wh
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t
ich assessment first?
t t
A systematic approach to assessment is necessary. The healthcare provider should first perform arapid
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t
assessment. A rapid assessment is a quick visual survey to ensure safety, to form an initial impression a
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t
bout the patient's condition, and to check for responsiveness, breathing and a pulse if the patient appea
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t
rs to be unresponsive. This would be followed by a primary assessment and then a secondary assessme
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t
nt.
A 35-year-old female patient's ECG is consistent with STEMI. The ECG reveals a new ST-
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t
segment elevation at the J point in leads V2 and V3 of at least which size?
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New ST- t
segment elevation at the J point in leads V2 and V3 of at least 0.15 mV (1.5 mm) inwomen 40 years
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or younger is considered diagnostic of STEMI.
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An ECG strip of a patient in the emergency department reveals the following rhythm. Whichfeatu
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re would the healthcare provider interpret as indicating atrial fibrillation?
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The two key features of atrial fibrillation on ECG are the absence of discrete P waves and thepresen
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t
ce of irregularly irregular QRS complexes.
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