NLN NEX 2025/2026 EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED GRADED A++

NLN NEX 2025/2026 EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED GRADED A++ Leave the first rating Terms in this set (295) Bacteria reproduce asexually by _. binary fission. During binary fission the chromosome will attach itself to the plasma membrane and copy itself. As the cell grows, it splits in half, each half taking a chromosome. This makes two identical cells. Some bacteria have loops of plasma known as plasmids Many important processes happen in the _ , including glycolysis, protein synthesis, mitosis, and meiosis. cytoplasm the organelle where aerobic (with oxygen) cellular respiration takes place to make ATP. mitochondria; Muscle cells need a lot of energy and usually have more mitochondria than other types of cells provide passageways through the membrane for water-soluble substances. Channel proteins spend energy (ATP) to transfer materials across the membrane. Transport proteins initiate specific cell responses once hormones or other trigger molecules bind to them. Receptor proteins move electrons from one molecule to another. Electron transfer proteins protein attachments between adjacent cells. Hold together tissues that undergo considerable stress (skin and heart muscle). Desmosomes tightly stitched seams between cells. Completely encircles each cell, preventing the movement of material between the cell. Tight Junctions narrow tunnels between cells that consist of proteins called connexons. Proteins only allow ions and small molecules to pass through. Gap Junctions ____ is the movement of substances from higher concentration to lower concentration.. Diffusion diffusion of water molecules across a semi-permeable membrane. Osmosis diffusion of solutes across a semi- permeable membrane. Dialysis diffusion of solutes though channel proteins in the plasma membrane Facilitated Diffusion In , homologous chromosomes pair at the metaphase plate and then migrate to opposite poles. meiosis I In , chromosomes spread across the metaphase plate, and the chromatids separate and migrate to opposite poles meiosis II During , crossing over of homologous chromosomes helps create natural genetic variation. Prophase I Radiation or chemicals that cause mutations are called _. mutagens are short extensions of the cell that feel stimuli. Dendrites is a long extension of the body that sends stimuli. Axon Which type of tissue provides support and structure for the organs? Connective tissue Acts as a covering for bodily surfaces and cavities Epithelial tissue _ reactions occur when one monomer forms a covalent bond to another single or chain of monomers releasing a water molecule. Dehydration synthesis (Polymers are built from monomers via dehydration synthesis.) Two molecules of glucose are linked together to form the disaccharide maltose. In the process, a water molecule is formed-- this is an example of what? Dehydration Synthesis Reaction In hydrolysis reactions, bonds are broken (lysed) by the of a water molecule. (Polymers revert back to monomers via hydrolysis reactions.) addition The disaccharide maltose is broken down to form two glucose monomers with the addition of a water molecule--- this an example of what Hydrolysis reactions Dehydration synthesis reactions typically _ energy. Hydrolysis reactions typically ______ energy. require; release Glucose, galactose, and fructose are common monosaccharides that are _____ of each other (same chemical formula but different organization of their atoms) isomers Formed from two monosaccharides via dehydration synthesis. Common example is sucrose (table sugar) formed from glucose and fructose. Other examples include lactose and maltose. Disaccharides Most common steroid is which maintains the fluid nature of the plasma membrane and acts as a precursor to steroid hormones like testosterone. cholesterol Primary component of the plasma membrane (which acts as a barrier between the interior of a cell and its surroundings). Usually composed of two fatty acid chains attached to a glycerol backbone. Phospholipids Amino acids are linked by ________ – formed by dehydration reactions. peptide bonds A is an organism’s complete set of genetic material (its DNA and all of its genes). genome Adenine and guanine are bases. Thymine and cytosine are _______.. purine; pyrimidines Nucleotides combine with each other by _ (also referred to as phosphodiester bonds or linkages). covalent bonds _ link complementary bases Hydrogen bonds A DNA template is read in the ______ direction. 3′ to 5′ New DNA strands are synthesized in the _ direction. 5′ to 3′ DNA is composed of which have three important components: nitrogenous base, 5-carbon sugar (deoxyribose), and a phosphate group. nucleotides The states that when an organism makes reproductive cells (gametes), the pair of alleles separates, and each gamete receive just one allele (selected randomly). law of segregation The bottoms of the leaves have , or pores, that allow gases and water to enter and exit. stomates The prokaryotes, or simple single-celled organisms belong to _____ or ; humans, other animals, plants, and fungi all have eukaryote cells, and are members of ______ Archaea or Bacteria; Eukarya