FTCE Elementary Education (Florida Teacher Certi
p p p p p
fication Examination), Exam Bank
p p p
Thepreadingpprocesspispmadepuppofpthesepfivepcomponents:
PhonemicpAwareness,pFluency,pPhonics,pComprehension,pandpVocabulary.
ComponentspofpEmergentpLiteracypare:
PrintpAwareness,pPrintpMotivation,pOralpLanguage,pLetterpKnowledge,pPhonologicalpawar
eness,pNarrativepskills.
EmergentpLiteracy
Consistspofpreading-
relatedpknowldgepandpskillspthatpchildrenpdevelopppriorptopformalpinstructionpinpreading.
PrintpMotivation
Interestpinpandpenjoymentpofpprintedpmaterials.
PrintpAwareness
Interestpandpinteractionpwithpprint;ppretendingptopread.
ListeningpandpOralpVocabularies
Wordspunderstoodpwhenpheard;pwordspusedpinpspeech.
NarrativepSkills
Abilityptopretellpstoriesporpdescribepevents.
LetterpKnowledge
Understandpletterpnamespandpshapes.
PhonologicalpAwareness
Abilityptopunderstandpthepsoundpofplanguagepandpmanipulateporpplaypwithpspeechpsounds.
Upptopagep5,pchildrenparepexposedptopreadingpandplearnpaboutpitpwithoutpreading.pW
hatparepsomepexamplespofpthis?
Printpdifferspfrompotherpvisualppatterns.
Bookspcontainpprint.
Readerspgleanpinformationpfrompprint.
Printpcanpbeptranslatedpintopspeech.
Readingpfollowspcertainpconventions.
Emergentpliteracypformspthepfoundationpofpfuturepreadingpandpwritingpdevelopment.
pTrueporpFalse?
True
Emergentpliteracypispunderstoodptopdeveloppatpindividualprates.pTrueporpFalse?
True
Certainpcriteriapthatpcouldpdeterminepwhetherporpnotpapchildpispreadypforpreadingpinc
lude:
Conceptspofpprint,poralplanguagepdevelopment,pandpunderstandingpofpthepalphabeticpprinci
ple;ptheprelationshippbetweenplettersp(graphemes)pandpthepsoundsptheyprepresentp(phone
mes)
Grapheme
Theprelationshippbetweenpletters.
Phoneme
Thepsoundspthatplettersprepresent.
MariepM.pClaypdevelopedpapformalpprocedurepforpwhat?
,Forpobservingpapchild'spbehaviorpwithpbookjsptopdeterminepthepextentpofpapchild'spprint-
relatedpconcepts.
MariepM.pClay'spformalpprocedurespincludepassessmentpcheckspsuchpas?
Ifpthepchildpcan:pFindptheptitlepofpapbook,pshowpwhereptopstartpreadingpandplocateptheplastppa
geporpendpofpthepbook.
Apcriticalppre-readingpskillpispbeingpableptopindicatepthepdirectionalitypofpwhat?
Print
ReaderspinpthepU.S.pmustpstartpwhereponptheppagepandpreadptopwhere?
Thepleftpsidepofptheppagepandpreadptopthepright.
Howpcanpteachersporpparentspmodelpdirectionalitypinpreading?
Byppassingptheirphandsporpfingerspunderpthepwordsporpsentencespasptheypreadpaloud.
Whatpfourpdimensionspdoesplanguagephave?
Speaking,plistening,preading,pandpwriting
Oralplanguagepispthepsubsetpofpwhat?
Language
Oralplanguagephasptwopdimensions,pwhichpare:
Speakingpandplistening
Listeningpispthepprecursorptopwhat?
Speaking
Childrenphaveptop_____________planguagepbeforeptheypcanpspeakpit.
Hear
Whypisporalplanguagepimportant?
Itpprovidespthepmentalpframeworkpforpwhatpwordspmeanpandphowplanguagepworks.
1
Oralplanguagepstartspwhere?
Atphome
WhatpdidpHartpandpRisleypinvestigatepinpthepwaypofpsocio/econmicpstatusplevel?
ThepnumberpandpkindpofpwordspchildrenpheardpinptermspofptheirpSES.
Whatparepthepcomponentspofporalplanguage?
Phonologicalpawareness,psemanticpunderstanding,psyntacticpunderstanding,pandppragmat
ics.
PhonologicalpAwareness
Apbroadpunderstandingpofpthepsoundpofplanguagepandpoccurspaspchildrenpbeginptophearpsp
eechpsoundspandpplaypwithpthem.
SemanticpUnderstanding
Understandingpthepmorphologyporpmeaningspofpwords:pvocabulary.
SyntacticpUnderstanding
Understandingptheprulespforpusingpwordspinpsentences:pgrammar.
Pragmatics
Understandingpthepsocialpandpculturalpusepofplangauge.
Phonologicalpawarenesspsub-skillspinclude:
Childrenpshouldpbepableptopdistinguishpbetweenpspokenplanguagepfrompotherpenvironment
alpsoundspandpfocusingponpthepstructurepofpsyllablespinpwordspandponset/rimeptasks.
Whatphappenspnextpwhenpchildrenpincreaseptheirpphonologicalpawareness?
Theypbeginptopdevelopptheirpphonemicpawareness.
Howpispapphonemeprepresented?
,Aspapletterpwithinpslashesp(i.e.p/b/)
PhonemicpIsolation
Recognitionpofpindividualpsounds.
(Whatpispthepfirstpsoundpinptop?)
PhonemicpIdentification
Recognitionpofpthepsamepsounds.
(Whatpsoundpispthepsamepinpthesepwords?ptop,pten,ptall)
PhonemicpCategorization
Recognitionpofpsimilarpsoundspandpchoosingpthepdifferentpsound.
(Whichpwordpdoesn'tpbeleong?pdip,pdime,psun)
PhonemicpAdditionp/pSubtraction
Makingpapnewpwordpbypaddingporpsubtractingpapphoneme.
(Whatpwordpisp"stop"pwithoutp/s/?pWhatpwordpdopyoupgetpifpyoupaddp/s/ptopthepbeginningpofp"t
op"?)
PhonemicpBlending
Combiningpphonemespintopapword.
(Whatpwordpisp/c/p/a/p/t/?p)
PhonemicpSegmentation
Breakingpwordspintopsepartepphonems.
(howpmanypsoundsparepinpstop?)
PhonemicpSubstitution
Replacingponepphonemepwithpanotherptopmakepapnewpword.
(Whatpwordpispformedpifpthep/t/pinptappispreplacedpwithp/m/?)
Whenpchildrenpunderstandphowporalplanguagepworks,pwhatpdoptheypbeginptopconne
ct?
Theypbeginptopconnectpthatpknowledgeptopprint.
Sharedpreadingpcanphelppchildrenpgainpwhat?
Itpcanphelppchildrenpgainpanpunderstandingpthatpprintedpwordsprepresentpspeech.
Alphabetpknowledgepinvolvespunderstandingpwhat?
Theprelationshippbetweenpletterspandpsounds.
AlphabeticpPrinciple
Thepunderstandingpthatpwrittenpwordsparepcomposedpofpletterspandpthatpgroupspofpletterspr
epresenetpthepsoundspofpspokenpwords.
HowpmanypphonemesparepinpthepEnglishpLanguage?
44
ThepEnglishpalphabetphasphowpmanypletters?
26
Therepispanpexactpone-to-
onepcorrespondencepbetweenpletterspandpsounds.pTrueporpFalse?
False.
Alphabetpknowledgepispapprecursorptopwhat?
Decoding.
Decodingpispthepapplicationpofpthepalphabeticpprincipleptopcorrectlypsayporpreadpwrit
tenpwordspwithpunderstanding.pTrueporpFalse?
True
Phonics
, Applicationpofpthepalphabeticalpprinciple;pusingpletter/soundsprelationships.
AnalogicalpWordpReasoning
Usepofpwordspwithpthepsameponsetpofprimepaspexamples.
Syllabication
Breakingpwordspintopsyllables.
MorphemicpAwareness
Dividingpwordspintopunitspofpmeaning.
Easepofpdecodingpcontripbutesptopcomprehension.pTrueporpFalse?
True.
Motivationpispdefinedpas?
Enthusiasmporpthepreasonpforpbehavior.
Motivationpinpemergentpliteracypispdemonstratedpwhen?
Childrenpshowpinterestpinpprintpmaterialspandpenjoypthem.
Motivatorspforpemergentpliteracypinclude:
Familyporpotherpadults,papsensepofpcommunitypandprewards.
Bookspreadpaloudptopyoungpchildrenparepmoreplikelyptopbepwhat?
Fictionalpnarrrativepstoriespratherpthanpnonfictionpinformationalptext.
Knowledgepofpnarrativepstorypstructurepincludespwhat?
Understandingpthatpapstoryphaspapbeginningpandpanpend,psetting,pplot,pchartactetrs,ptheme,
pandpstyle.
Understandingptextpstructurespprovidepapframeworkpforpwhat?
Comprehension.
Childrenpbeginptopseepthatptheypcanpexpressptheirpownpideaspbypwritingplettersponce
ptheypmakepapconnectionpbetweenpwhat?
Letterspandpreading.
Childrenpneedptopgainphand-eyepcoordinationptopbeginptopwhat?
Write,pusuallypinpcrudepletterpformaitons.
Childrenplearnptopcopypwordsptoppreparepforpwhat?
Forpcopyingppatternedpsentences.
Whatparepthepcorrectpcomponentspofpemergingpliteracy?
Printpmotivation,pprintpawareness,plisteningpandporalpvocabularies,pnarrativepskills,pletterpk
nowledge,pphonologicalpawareness.
Mrs.pJackson'spsecondpgradepclasspispworkingponpthepfollowingpskills:paccuracy,pa
utomaticcity,prate,pandpprocsody.pWhatpaspectpofplanguagepartspareptheyplearning?
Fluency
Whichptypepandpexamplepofpfigurativeplangaugeparepcorrectlypmatched?
(A)Alliteration:pBRRRR!pIt'spcold.
(B)Onomatopoeia:pThepsunpsmiledponpthepsleepypvillage.
(C)Similie:pShepwasplikepapbullpinpapchinapshop.
(D)Personification:pHepwasptheppciturepofphealth.
(C)pSimile:pShepwasplikepapbullpinpapchinapshop.
Lucypselectedpapbookptopread.pThepbookpusespanimalspaspcharacterspandpendspwithp
apmoral.pWhatptypepofpbookpdidpLucypread?
Fable
p p p p p
fication Examination), Exam Bank
p p p
Thepreadingpprocesspispmadepuppofpthesepfivepcomponents:
PhonemicpAwareness,pFluency,pPhonics,pComprehension,pandpVocabulary.
ComponentspofpEmergentpLiteracypare:
PrintpAwareness,pPrintpMotivation,pOralpLanguage,pLetterpKnowledge,pPhonologicalpawar
eness,pNarrativepskills.
EmergentpLiteracy
Consistspofpreading-
relatedpknowldgepandpskillspthatpchildrenpdevelopppriorptopformalpinstructionpinpreading.
PrintpMotivation
Interestpinpandpenjoymentpofpprintedpmaterials.
PrintpAwareness
Interestpandpinteractionpwithpprint;ppretendingptopread.
ListeningpandpOralpVocabularies
Wordspunderstoodpwhenpheard;pwordspusedpinpspeech.
NarrativepSkills
Abilityptopretellpstoriesporpdescribepevents.
LetterpKnowledge
Understandpletterpnamespandpshapes.
PhonologicalpAwareness
Abilityptopunderstandpthepsoundpofplanguagepandpmanipulateporpplaypwithpspeechpsounds.
Upptopagep5,pchildrenparepexposedptopreadingpandplearnpaboutpitpwithoutpreading.pW
hatparepsomepexamplespofpthis?
Printpdifferspfrompotherpvisualppatterns.
Bookspcontainpprint.
Readerspgleanpinformationpfrompprint.
Printpcanpbeptranslatedpintopspeech.
Readingpfollowspcertainpconventions.
Emergentpliteracypformspthepfoundationpofpfuturepreadingpandpwritingpdevelopment.
pTrueporpFalse?
True
Emergentpliteracypispunderstoodptopdeveloppatpindividualprates.pTrueporpFalse?
True
Certainpcriteriapthatpcouldpdeterminepwhetherporpnotpapchildpispreadypforpreadingpinc
lude:
Conceptspofpprint,poralplanguagepdevelopment,pandpunderstandingpofpthepalphabeticpprinci
ple;ptheprelationshippbetweenplettersp(graphemes)pandpthepsoundsptheyprepresentp(phone
mes)
Grapheme
Theprelationshippbetweenpletters.
Phoneme
Thepsoundspthatplettersprepresent.
MariepM.pClaypdevelopedpapformalpprocedurepforpwhat?
,Forpobservingpapchild'spbehaviorpwithpbookjsptopdeterminepthepextentpofpapchild'spprint-
relatedpconcepts.
MariepM.pClay'spformalpprocedurespincludepassessmentpcheckspsuchpas?
Ifpthepchildpcan:pFindptheptitlepofpapbook,pshowpwhereptopstartpreadingpandplocateptheplastppa
geporpendpofpthepbook.
Apcriticalppre-readingpskillpispbeingpableptopindicatepthepdirectionalitypofpwhat?
ReaderspinpthepU.S.pmustpstartpwhereponptheppagepandpreadptopwhere?
Thepleftpsidepofptheppagepandpreadptopthepright.
Howpcanpteachersporpparentspmodelpdirectionalitypinpreading?
Byppassingptheirphandsporpfingerspunderpthepwordsporpsentencespasptheypreadpaloud.
Whatpfourpdimensionspdoesplanguagephave?
Speaking,plistening,preading,pandpwriting
Oralplanguagepispthepsubsetpofpwhat?
Language
Oralplanguagephasptwopdimensions,pwhichpare:
Speakingpandplistening
Listeningpispthepprecursorptopwhat?
Speaking
Childrenphaveptop_____________planguagepbeforeptheypcanpspeakpit.
Hear
Whypisporalplanguagepimportant?
Itpprovidespthepmentalpframeworkpforpwhatpwordspmeanpandphowplanguagepworks.
1
Oralplanguagepstartspwhere?
Atphome
WhatpdidpHartpandpRisleypinvestigatepinpthepwaypofpsocio/econmicpstatusplevel?
ThepnumberpandpkindpofpwordspchildrenpheardpinptermspofptheirpSES.
Whatparepthepcomponentspofporalplanguage?
Phonologicalpawareness,psemanticpunderstanding,psyntacticpunderstanding,pandppragmat
ics.
PhonologicalpAwareness
Apbroadpunderstandingpofpthepsoundpofplanguagepandpoccurspaspchildrenpbeginptophearpsp
eechpsoundspandpplaypwithpthem.
SemanticpUnderstanding
Understandingpthepmorphologyporpmeaningspofpwords:pvocabulary.
SyntacticpUnderstanding
Understandingptheprulespforpusingpwordspinpsentences:pgrammar.
Pragmatics
Understandingpthepsocialpandpculturalpusepofplangauge.
Phonologicalpawarenesspsub-skillspinclude:
Childrenpshouldpbepableptopdistinguishpbetweenpspokenplanguagepfrompotherpenvironment
alpsoundspandpfocusingponpthepstructurepofpsyllablespinpwordspandponset/rimeptasks.
Whatphappenspnextpwhenpchildrenpincreaseptheirpphonologicalpawareness?
Theypbeginptopdevelopptheirpphonemicpawareness.
Howpispapphonemeprepresented?
,Aspapletterpwithinpslashesp(i.e.p/b/)
PhonemicpIsolation
Recognitionpofpindividualpsounds.
(Whatpispthepfirstpsoundpinptop?)
PhonemicpIdentification
Recognitionpofpthepsamepsounds.
(Whatpsoundpispthepsamepinpthesepwords?ptop,pten,ptall)
PhonemicpCategorization
Recognitionpofpsimilarpsoundspandpchoosingpthepdifferentpsound.
(Whichpwordpdoesn'tpbeleong?pdip,pdime,psun)
PhonemicpAdditionp/pSubtraction
Makingpapnewpwordpbypaddingporpsubtractingpapphoneme.
(Whatpwordpisp"stop"pwithoutp/s/?pWhatpwordpdopyoupgetpifpyoupaddp/s/ptopthepbeginningpofp"t
op"?)
PhonemicpBlending
Combiningpphonemespintopapword.
(Whatpwordpisp/c/p/a/p/t/?p)
PhonemicpSegmentation
Breakingpwordspintopsepartepphonems.
(howpmanypsoundsparepinpstop?)
PhonemicpSubstitution
Replacingponepphonemepwithpanotherptopmakepapnewpword.
(Whatpwordpispformedpifpthep/t/pinptappispreplacedpwithp/m/?)
Whenpchildrenpunderstandphowporalplanguagepworks,pwhatpdoptheypbeginptopconne
ct?
Theypbeginptopconnectpthatpknowledgeptopprint.
Sharedpreadingpcanphelppchildrenpgainpwhat?
Itpcanphelppchildrenpgainpanpunderstandingpthatpprintedpwordsprepresentpspeech.
Alphabetpknowledgepinvolvespunderstandingpwhat?
Theprelationshippbetweenpletterspandpsounds.
AlphabeticpPrinciple
Thepunderstandingpthatpwrittenpwordsparepcomposedpofpletterspandpthatpgroupspofpletterspr
epresenetpthepsoundspofpspokenpwords.
HowpmanypphonemesparepinpthepEnglishpLanguage?
44
ThepEnglishpalphabetphasphowpmanypletters?
26
Therepispanpexactpone-to-
onepcorrespondencepbetweenpletterspandpsounds.pTrueporpFalse?
False.
Alphabetpknowledgepispapprecursorptopwhat?
Decoding.
Decodingpispthepapplicationpofpthepalphabeticpprincipleptopcorrectlypsayporpreadpwrit
tenpwordspwithpunderstanding.pTrueporpFalse?
True
Phonics
, Applicationpofpthepalphabeticalpprinciple;pusingpletter/soundsprelationships.
AnalogicalpWordpReasoning
Usepofpwordspwithpthepsameponsetpofprimepaspexamples.
Syllabication
Breakingpwordspintopsyllables.
MorphemicpAwareness
Dividingpwordspintopunitspofpmeaning.
Easepofpdecodingpcontripbutesptopcomprehension.pTrueporpFalse?
True.
Motivationpispdefinedpas?
Enthusiasmporpthepreasonpforpbehavior.
Motivationpinpemergentpliteracypispdemonstratedpwhen?
Childrenpshowpinterestpinpprintpmaterialspandpenjoypthem.
Motivatorspforpemergentpliteracypinclude:
Familyporpotherpadults,papsensepofpcommunitypandprewards.
Bookspreadpaloudptopyoungpchildrenparepmoreplikelyptopbepwhat?
Fictionalpnarrrativepstoriespratherpthanpnonfictionpinformationalptext.
Knowledgepofpnarrativepstorypstructurepincludespwhat?
Understandingpthatpapstoryphaspapbeginningpandpanpend,psetting,pplot,pchartactetrs,ptheme,
pandpstyle.
Understandingptextpstructurespprovidepapframeworkpforpwhat?
Comprehension.
Childrenpbeginptopseepthatptheypcanpexpressptheirpownpideaspbypwritingplettersponce
ptheypmakepapconnectionpbetweenpwhat?
Letterspandpreading.
Childrenpneedptopgainphand-eyepcoordinationptopbeginptopwhat?
Write,pusuallypinpcrudepletterpformaitons.
Childrenplearnptopcopypwordsptoppreparepforpwhat?
Forpcopyingppatternedpsentences.
Whatparepthepcorrectpcomponentspofpemergingpliteracy?
Printpmotivation,pprintpawareness,plisteningpandporalpvocabularies,pnarrativepskills,pletterpk
nowledge,pphonologicalpawareness.
Mrs.pJackson'spsecondpgradepclasspispworkingponpthepfollowingpskills:paccuracy,pa
utomaticcity,prate,pandpprocsody.pWhatpaspectpofplanguagepartspareptheyplearning?
Fluency
Whichptypepandpexamplepofpfigurativeplangaugeparepcorrectlypmatched?
(A)Alliteration:pBRRRR!pIt'spcold.
(B)Onomatopoeia:pThepsunpsmiledponpthepsleepypvillage.
(C)Similie:pShepwasplikepapbullpinpapchinapshop.
(D)Personification:pHepwasptheppciturepofphealth.
(C)pSimile:pShepwasplikepapbullpinpapchinapshop.
Lucypselectedpapbookptopread.pThepbookpusespanimalspaspcharacterspandpendspwithp
apmoral.pWhatptypepofpbookpdidpLucypread?
Fable
