ED 3312 Exam questions well answered
already passed
Learning Strategies - correct answer ✔✔Predicting: anticipating what will happen
Organizing: grouping information into categories
Elaborating: expanding on the information presented
Monitoring: regulating or keeping track of progress
POEM Acronym
Recriprocal Teaching - correct answer ✔✔Theory suggests that as children grow older, their use
of learning strategies improves.
Metacognition - correct answer ✔✔"Thinking about thinking" or the ability to evaluate a
cognitive task to determine how best to accomplish it, and then to monitor and adjust one's
performance on that task. Children become increasingly aware of what they know and don't
know. Refers to the knowledge children acquire about their own cognitive processes and to
children's regulation of their cognitive processes to maximize learning.
Zone of Proximal Development - correct answer ✔✔Vygotsky's theory of cognitive development
which describes the range of tasks that the child can perform with guidance from others but
cannot yet perform independently.
Scaffolding - correct answer ✔✔Vygotsky and Jerome Bruner both used the term as a metaphor
to describe adults' contributions to children's learning. Scaffolds are support mechanisms that
teachers, parents, or other more competent individuals provide to help children successfully
perform a task within their zone of proximal development. Teachers serve as scaffolds when
they model or demonstrate a procedure, guide children through a task, ask questions, break
complex tasks into smaller steps, and supply pieces of information.
,The Four Language Cueing Systems - correct answer ✔✔Phonological, Syntactic, Semantic,
Pragmatic.
Phonological (sound) System - correct answer ✔✔Sounds are called phonemes, and they are
presented in print between slashes to differentiate them from graphemes or latter
combinations that represent sounds. Sounds not found in children's native language are
particularly difficult to learn. Younger children usually learn how to pronounce difficult words
more easier than older children or adults. English is not a phonetically regular language,
therefore, it is not always possible for children to sound out words (e.g., would, could). There
are twenty-six letters and forty-four sounds. Long vowel sounds vs. short vowel sounds.
Phonics - correct answer ✔✔Describe the phoneme-grapheme correspondences and related
spelling rules. A set of relationships between phonology (the sound in speech) and orthography
(the spelling patterns of written language). Sometimes a controversial topic. The four most
important concepts for primary grade students to learn are consonants, vowels, onsets and
rimes.
Syntactic (structural) system - correct answer ✔✔Refers to the structural organization
(grammar) of a language which dictates how words are combined into sentences. Describes
how we add affixes to words to change meaning. Children use this system when they combine
words to form sentences. Word order is important. When reading, they anticipate the words
that may come after another in sentences. Capitalization and punctuation. Word forms.
Morphemes - correct answer ✔✔The smallest units of meaning in a language e.g., dog, play
(free morphemes). Word parts that change meaning, e.g., -s and -ed (bound morphemes).
Affixes and suffixes.
The Semantic (meaning) System - correct answer ✔✔Refers to vocab, including synonyms,
antonyms, and idioms. Researchers estimate that children have a vocab of 5000 words by the
time they enter school and they continue to acquire 3000 words each year during the
elementary grades. Children do not only learn through formal instruction. Students learn eight
, to ten words a day. Learning that words have more than one meaning (polysemic words) e.g.,
"run" has over thirty contexts. Synonyms, antonyms, wordplay, figurative language and idioms.
The Pragmatic (social and cultural) System - correct answer ✔✔How people talk/write depends
on the purpose and audience. Language use varies amongst social classes, cultural and ethnic
groups and geographic regions. These are known as dialects. The language used in school is
called Standard English.
Guidelines for Supporting and Valuing Student's First Language - correct answer ✔✔1. Use
Environmental Print in the Student's First Language
2. Include Reading Materials in the Students' First Languages in the Classroom Library
3. Encourage Students to Write Books in their First Language
4. Use Bilingual Tutors
5. View Videos in the Students' First Language
Literacy - correct answer ✔✔The ability to create written text and then decode and
comprehend this text according to a certain internalized linguistic rules. E.g., reading a novel,
writing an essay, composing an email, posting/reading a blog entry and viewing a film.
Technology is changing this definition. A part of being literate is understanding how information
and communication technologies change peoples lives. Emphasis on teaching children how to
read and write on other medias besides paper.
Critical Literacy - correct answer ✔✔A readers ability to become aware of the messages that
texts communicate about power, race and gender; who should receive privileges; and who has
been or continues to be oppressed. Symbolism. Political contexts.
Persuasion and Propaganda.
Six Strands of Language Arts - correct answer ✔✔Listening, Speaking, Reading, Writing,
Viewing, Visually Representing.
already passed
Learning Strategies - correct answer ✔✔Predicting: anticipating what will happen
Organizing: grouping information into categories
Elaborating: expanding on the information presented
Monitoring: regulating or keeping track of progress
POEM Acronym
Recriprocal Teaching - correct answer ✔✔Theory suggests that as children grow older, their use
of learning strategies improves.
Metacognition - correct answer ✔✔"Thinking about thinking" or the ability to evaluate a
cognitive task to determine how best to accomplish it, and then to monitor and adjust one's
performance on that task. Children become increasingly aware of what they know and don't
know. Refers to the knowledge children acquire about their own cognitive processes and to
children's regulation of their cognitive processes to maximize learning.
Zone of Proximal Development - correct answer ✔✔Vygotsky's theory of cognitive development
which describes the range of tasks that the child can perform with guidance from others but
cannot yet perform independently.
Scaffolding - correct answer ✔✔Vygotsky and Jerome Bruner both used the term as a metaphor
to describe adults' contributions to children's learning. Scaffolds are support mechanisms that
teachers, parents, or other more competent individuals provide to help children successfully
perform a task within their zone of proximal development. Teachers serve as scaffolds when
they model or demonstrate a procedure, guide children through a task, ask questions, break
complex tasks into smaller steps, and supply pieces of information.
,The Four Language Cueing Systems - correct answer ✔✔Phonological, Syntactic, Semantic,
Pragmatic.
Phonological (sound) System - correct answer ✔✔Sounds are called phonemes, and they are
presented in print between slashes to differentiate them from graphemes or latter
combinations that represent sounds. Sounds not found in children's native language are
particularly difficult to learn. Younger children usually learn how to pronounce difficult words
more easier than older children or adults. English is not a phonetically regular language,
therefore, it is not always possible for children to sound out words (e.g., would, could). There
are twenty-six letters and forty-four sounds. Long vowel sounds vs. short vowel sounds.
Phonics - correct answer ✔✔Describe the phoneme-grapheme correspondences and related
spelling rules. A set of relationships between phonology (the sound in speech) and orthography
(the spelling patterns of written language). Sometimes a controversial topic. The four most
important concepts for primary grade students to learn are consonants, vowels, onsets and
rimes.
Syntactic (structural) system - correct answer ✔✔Refers to the structural organization
(grammar) of a language which dictates how words are combined into sentences. Describes
how we add affixes to words to change meaning. Children use this system when they combine
words to form sentences. Word order is important. When reading, they anticipate the words
that may come after another in sentences. Capitalization and punctuation. Word forms.
Morphemes - correct answer ✔✔The smallest units of meaning in a language e.g., dog, play
(free morphemes). Word parts that change meaning, e.g., -s and -ed (bound morphemes).
Affixes and suffixes.
The Semantic (meaning) System - correct answer ✔✔Refers to vocab, including synonyms,
antonyms, and idioms. Researchers estimate that children have a vocab of 5000 words by the
time they enter school and they continue to acquire 3000 words each year during the
elementary grades. Children do not only learn through formal instruction. Students learn eight
, to ten words a day. Learning that words have more than one meaning (polysemic words) e.g.,
"run" has over thirty contexts. Synonyms, antonyms, wordplay, figurative language and idioms.
The Pragmatic (social and cultural) System - correct answer ✔✔How people talk/write depends
on the purpose and audience. Language use varies amongst social classes, cultural and ethnic
groups and geographic regions. These are known as dialects. The language used in school is
called Standard English.
Guidelines for Supporting and Valuing Student's First Language - correct answer ✔✔1. Use
Environmental Print in the Student's First Language
2. Include Reading Materials in the Students' First Languages in the Classroom Library
3. Encourage Students to Write Books in their First Language
4. Use Bilingual Tutors
5. View Videos in the Students' First Language
Literacy - correct answer ✔✔The ability to create written text and then decode and
comprehend this text according to a certain internalized linguistic rules. E.g., reading a novel,
writing an essay, composing an email, posting/reading a blog entry and viewing a film.
Technology is changing this definition. A part of being literate is understanding how information
and communication technologies change peoples lives. Emphasis on teaching children how to
read and write on other medias besides paper.
Critical Literacy - correct answer ✔✔A readers ability to become aware of the messages that
texts communicate about power, race and gender; who should receive privileges; and who has
been or continues to be oppressed. Symbolism. Political contexts.
Persuasion and Propaganda.
Six Strands of Language Arts - correct answer ✔✔Listening, Speaking, Reading, Writing,
Viewing, Visually Representing.
